Medial Meniscotibial Ligament Deficiency Increases Medial Meniscus Extrusion and Posterior Root Forces.

Background: There is growing evidence that medial meniscotibial ligament (MTL) deficiency and medial meniscus extrusion may precede the development of some medial meniscus posterior root (MMPR) tears. However, no study has investigated the biomechanical consequences of MTL deficiency on the MMPR.

Hypothesis: (1) MTL deficiency leads to increased medial meniscus extrusion, (2) increased medial meniscus extrusion is correlated with increased compression and shear forces at the MMPR, and (3) MTL repair restores medial meniscus extrusion and MMPR forces to native levels.

Comparative Analysis of Injury and Illness Rates Among Team USA Athletes at the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympic and Paralympic Games.

Background: Previous research has reported higher rates of both injury and illness among Paralympic athletes compared with Olympic athletes during the Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games, but no studies have directly compared injury and illness incidence between Olympic and Paralympic athletes competing in a Summer Games.

Purpose: To compare injury and illness rates between Olympic and Paralympic Team USA athletes competing in the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games.

Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study.

Minimum 10-Year Clinical and Functional Outcomes, and Return to Sport After Sternoclavicular Joint Reconstruction for Sternoclavicular Joint Instability.

Background: Sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) instability can lead to pain, reduced function, and an inability to perform sports and activities of daily living. Reconstruction of the SCJ using hamstring autograft in a figure-of-8 configuration has demonstrated good outcomes at short- and midterm follow-ups, but there is a paucity of literature on long-term outcomes.

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term clinical and functional outcomes after SCJ reconstruction, with a focus on return to sport, instability recurrence, and revision surgery.

Osgood-Schlatter Disease: Ossicle Resection and Patellar Tendon Repair in a Symptomatic Adult.

Chronic Osgood-Schlatter disease can cause significant knee pain and can result in severe functional deficits. For large, painful Osgood-Schlatter disease ossicles refractory to conservative management, surgical ossicle excision can provide resolution of symptoms. After diagnostic arthroscopy and intra-articular debridement, our preferred excision technique uses an open incision for direct visualization and removal of intratendinous ossicles, followed by distal patellar tendon repair and subsequent fixation with FiberTape sutures and knotless anchors to the tibial tubercle.

Characteristics of High-Risk Bipolar Bone Loss Lesions Using 3-Dimensional Imaging.

Background: The concept of on-track versus off-track bone lesions in glenohumeral instability continues to evolve. Although much has been ascertained from an original biomechanical model, bony pathological changes, especially on 3-dimensional (3D) imaging, have not been fully evaluated.

Purpose: To compare the differences in on-track versus off-track lesions to characterize glenoid and humeral head bone defects using 3D modeling software.

The Use of the Anterior Labral Circumferential Onlay Technique to Reconstruct the Anterior Labrum and Biomechanically Restore Glenohumeral Joint Stability.

Background: A labral injury contributes to glenohumeral instability. The Anterior Labral Circumferential Onlay Technique (ALCOT) reconstructs the labrum using the long head of the biceps tendon.

Hypothesis: The ALCOT would restore glenohumeral joint stability in a cadaveric model without glenoid bone loss (1) comparable to the native state and (2) comparable to the Latarjet procedure.

Principles of the Superior Labrum and Biceps Complex: An Expert Consensus from the NEER Circle.

Background: The superior labrum and biceps complex is commonly implicated in shoulder pain and there remains discordance regarding the surgical management of superior labrum anterior to posterior (SLAP) tears. The purpose of this study was to establish an expert consensus regarding the management of superior labrum and biceps complex pathology.

Methods: The NEER Circle is an organization of shoulder experts recognized for their service to the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) society.

Patient-specific gait pattern in individuals with patellofemoral instability reduces knee joint loads.

Patellofemoral instability is influenced by morphological factors and associated with compensational alterations in gait pattern. Recent simulation studies investigated the impact of knee morphology on the stability and loading of the patellofemoral joint but neglected the patient-specific gait pattern. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of patient-specific gait pattern on muscle forces and joint loading in individuals with patellofemoral instability.

Effects of Losartan and Fisetin on Microfracture-Mediated Cartilage Repair of Ankle Cartilage in a Rabbit Model.

Background: Microfracture is one surgical treatment strategy for osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs) but results in fibrocartilage repair tissue, which has inferior mechanical properties to native hyaline cartilage. Biological regulation of microfracture has been suggested to improve the quality of cartilage repair in patients.

Purpose: To determine if administration of losartan, fisetin, or losartan and fisetin combined can enhance microfracture-mediated cartilage repair of OLTs in a rabbit model.

Females Have Higher Return-to-Sport Rate Than Males Among Collegiate Athletes After Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement Due to the Difference in the Type of Sports, Type of Impingement, and Prevalence of Severe Cartilage Damage.

Purpose: To investigate the return to sport (RTS) rate and the sex-based difference of collegiate athletes after arthroscopic treatment for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI).

Methods: Patients who were collegiate athletes at the time of surgery and underwent hip arthroscopy for treatment of FAI between January 2009 and June 2020 were included. Patients were excluded if they were in their final year of eligibility, graduated, retired, or had plans to retire from collegiate play before surgery.

Effects of dynamic [F]NaF PET scan duration on kinetic uptake parameters in the knee.

Introduction: Accurately estimating bone perfusion and metabolism using [F]NaF kinetics from shorter scan times could help address concerns related to patient comfort, motion, and throughput for PET scans. We examined the impact of changing the PET scan duration on the accuracy of [F]NaF kinetic parameters in the knee.

Methods: Both knees of twenty participants with and without osteoarthritis were scanned using a hybrid PET-MRI system (53 ± 13 years, BMI 25.

Enhancing Cartilage Repair: Surgical Approaches, Orthobiologics, and the Promise of Exosomes.

Treating cartilage damage is challenging as its ability for self-regeneration is limited. Left untreated, it can progress to osteoarthritis (OA), a joint disorder characterized by the deterioration of articular cartilage and other joint tissues. Surgical options, such as microfracture and cell/tissue transplantation, have shown promise as techniques to harness the body's endogenous regenerative capabilities to promote cartilage repair.

Cleft Sign in MRI May Represent the Disruption of Cartilage Structure within Pubic Symphysis and Pubic Plate: A Cadaver Case Report.

Background/objectives: Long-standing groin pain is a severe issue for athletes, often associated with the cleft sign on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, yet its underlying causes are poorly understood. The purpose of this study is to histologically examine the pubic plate structure in cadavers with and without the cleft sign on MRI, shedding light on the pathology behind the cleft sign.

Methods: Three fresh human pelvic cadavers underwent 3.

Outcomes of primary arthroscopic shoulder stabilization in active patients over 40-results at a mean follow-up of 7 years.

Background: The purpose of this study is to report clinical outcomes, return to activity, redislocation rate, and rate of conversion to arthroplasty for active patients over age 40 undergoing primary arthroscopic shoulder stabilization.

Methods: Patients over 40 years of age who underwent arthroscopic capsulolabral repair for shoulder instability between December 2005 and January 2018 with a minimum of 2-year postoperative follow-up were enrolled in this retrospective, monocentric study. Clinical outcome scores including the 12-Item Short-Form Survey, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand, Single-Assessment Numeric Evaluation, and visual analog scale pain were collected.

Predictors of Clinical Outcomes and Quality of Life After Sternoclavicular Joint Reconstruction With Hamstring Tendon Autograft.

Background: Anterior instability of the sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) is a rare but potentially devastating pathological condition, particularly when it occurs in young or active patients. SCJ reconstruction using hamstring tendon autograft is a commonly used treatment option, yet to date results are limited to small case series. Studies on baseline, preoperative factors and their association with postoperative outcome are limited.

Open Isolated Distal Rectus Tendon Repair.

Isolated distal rectus femoris avulsions from the common quadriceps tendon are rare and may be missed due to the integrity of the remaining extensor mechanism. In healthy, active patients, surgical repair is recommended due to the potential for persistent pain, cramping, and weakness. In the case of isolated distal rectus femoris avulsions, however, there are important surgical considerations and differences when compared with the treatment of complete quadriceps tendon ruptures.

Minimum 10-year follow-up after open reduction and internal fixation of radial head fractures Mason type II and III.

Background: The treatment of complex radial head fractures remains controversial with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), radial head arthroplasty, and radial head excision being the most common treatment options. While ORIF is the preferred treatment strategy for Mason type II fractures, the optimal treatment of Mason type III fractures is debated. The purpose of this study was to report minimum 10-year outcomes after ORIF of Mason type II and type III radial head fractures.

Unicortical button fixation provides higher strength compared with transosseous repair for subscapularis tendon in total shoulder arthroplasty.

Background: Subscapularis tendon (SSc) dysfunction after total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) results in poor functional outcomes. There have been numerous SSc repair constructs tested biomechanically and clinically; however, none has been demonstrated as superior. Newer techniques and implants have emerged but have not been fully tested.

Two-Year Outcomes of Primary Arthroscopic Surgery in Patients with Femoroacetabular Impingement: A Comparative Study of Labral Repair and Labral Reconstruction.

Background: Labral repair has become the preferred method for the arthroscopic treatment of acetabular labral tears that are associated with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) resulting in pain and dysfunction. Labral reconstruction is performed mainly in revision hip arthroscopy but can be utilized in the primary setting for absent or calcified labra. The purpose of this study was to compare the minimum 2-year patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and risk of revision or conversion to arthroplasty between primary labral reconstruction and primary labral repair.