Designing the First Pregnancy Guaranteed Income Program in the United States: Qualitative Needs Assessment and Human-Centered Design to Develop the Abundant Birth Project.

Background: Racial inequities in pregnancy outcomes persist despite investments in clinical, educational, and behavioral interventions, indicating that a new approach is needed to address the root causes of health disparities. Guaranteed income during pregnancy has the potential to narrow racial health inequities for birthing people and infants by alleviating financial stress.

Objective: We describe community-driven formative research to design the first pregnancy-guaranteed income program in the United States-the Abundant Birth Project (ABP).

Factor XIII: Driving (Cross-)Links in Hemostasis, Thrombosis, and Disease.

Blood clots are complex structures composed of blood cells and proteins held together by the structural framework provided by an insoluble fibrin network. Factor (F)XIII is a protransglutaminase essential for stabilizing the fibrin network. Activated FXIII(a) introduces novel covalent crosslinks within and between fibrin and other plasma and cellular proteins, and thereby promotes fibrin biochemical and mechanical integrity.

Prey depletion, interspecific competition, and the energetics of hunting in endangered African wild dogs, .

Large herbivores are in decline in much of the world, including sub-Saharan Africa, and true apex carnivores like the lion () decline in parallel with their prey. As a consequence, competitively subordinate carnivores like the African wild dog () are simultaneously experiencing a costly reduction in resources and a beneficial reduction in dominant competitors. The net effect is not intuitively obvious, but wild dogs' density, survival, and reproduction are all low in areas that are strongly affected by prey depletion.

Rational Design of Nanozymes for Engineered Cascade Catalytic Cancer Therapy.

Nanozymes have shown significant potential in cancer catalytic therapy by strategically catalyzing tumor-associated substances and metabolites into toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) , thereby inducing oxidative stress and promoting cancer cell death. However, within the complex tumor microenvironment (TME), the rational design of nanozymes and factors like activity, reaction substrates, and the TME itself significantly influence the efficiency of ROS generation. To address these limitations, recent research has focused on exploring the factors that affect activity and developing nanozyme-based cascade catalytic systems, which can trigger two or more cascade catalytic processes within tumors, thereby producing more therapeutic substances and achieving efficient and stable cancer therapy with minimal side effects.

Ultralight wheelchair part failures are associated with sensor-monitored road shocks: A pilot study.

Wheelchair part failures and repairs have significantly increased over the last decade, leading to severe consequences for wheelchair users. Servicing these devices by wheelchair repair technicians has reduced part failures. However, no tools or technologies have been developed to support servicing in practice.

Circular Polymer Designed by Regulating Entropy: Spiro-Valerolactone-Based Polyesters with High Gas Barriers and Adhesion Strength.

Enthalpy is often the focal point when designing monomers for polymer circularity, but much less is explored on how entropy can be exploited to create polymers with synergistic circularity and properties. Here, we design a series of spiro-lactones (SLs) with closed-chain cycloalk(en)yl substituents at the α,α-position of δ-valerolactone (δVL), which, when combined with the parent δVL and -α,α-dialkyl-substituted δVL with open-chain alkyl groups, provide a desired platform for exploring the circular polymer design by focusing on the entropy change of polymerization. These SLs exhibit finely balanced (de)polymerizability that is regulated chiefly by entropy differentiation, allowing both the facile synthesis of polyester PSLs ( up to 1000 kg mol) in a living fashion and selective depolymerization of the PSLs to completely recover monomers under mild conditions (using a recyclable catalyst at 100 °C).

Intraspecific Variation and Recent Loss of Ancient, Conserved Effector Genes in the Sudden Oak Death Pathogen .

Members of the genus are responsible for many important diseases in agricultural and natural ecosystems. causes devastating diseases of oak, and tanoak stands in US forests and larch in the UK. The four evolutionary lineages involved express different virulence phenotypes on plant hosts, and characterization of gene content is foundational to understanding the basis for these differences.

Poor Olfaction and Risk of Stroke in Older Adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.

Background: Poor olfaction may be associated with adverse cerebrovascular events, but empirical evidence is limited. We aimed to investigate the association of olfaction with the risk of stroke in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.

Methods: We included 5799 older adults with no history of stroke at baseline from 2011 to 2013 (75.

Integrating the Confluence Model and I³ Model to predict sexual assault perpetration intentions.

Objective: Sexual assault perpetration is widespread among young men. According to the Confluence Model, hostile masculinity and impersonal sex are trait-level factors associated with sexual assault perpetration likelihood. Additionally, state-level factors, including alcohol intoxication, current emotions, and ability to modulate one's emotions, have been tied to sexual assault perpetration via the I3 Model.

Autoantibody clusters in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: Insights from a multicenter study with 912 patients.

To identify clusters of autoantibodies in a large cSLE population and to verify possible associations between different autoantibody clusters and the following variables: demographic data, cumulative clinical and laboratory manifestations, disease activity, cumulative damage and mortality. A cross-sectional study was performed in 27 Pediatric Rheumatology University centers, including 912 cSLE patients. The frequencies of seven selected autoantibodies (anti-dsDNA, anti-Ro/SSA, anti-La/SSB, anti-Sm, anti-RNP, aCL IgM and/or IgG and LA) were used for cluster analysis using the K-means method.

The Index of Consensual Sexual Sadism (ICSS): Scale development, validation, measurement invariance, and nomological network comparisons with everyday sadism.

Sexual sadism has long been of interest to scholars and clinicians in psychology, and most research on sexual sadism has focused on forensic samples. However, recently, research has uncovered the existence of sexual sadism in general populations. Measures designed to assess sexual sadism in the general population are lacking.

Norman B. Anderson (1955-2024).

Memorializes Norman B. Anderson (1924-2024). Norman B.

A single-cell atlas of the Culex tarsalis midgut during West Nile virus infection.

The mosquito midgut functions as a key interface between pathogen and vector. However, studies of midgut physiology and virus infection dynamics are scarce, and in Culex tarsalis-an extremely efficient vector of West Nile virus (WNV)-nonexistent. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing on Cx.

The primary mechanism for highly potent inhibition of HIV-1 maturation by lenacapavir.

Lenacapavir (LEN) is a highly potent, long-acting antiretroviral medication for treating people infected with muti-drug-resistant HIV-1 phenotypes. The inhibitor targets multifaceted functions of the viral capsid protein (CA) during HIV-1 replication. Previous studies have mainly focused on elucidating LEN's mode of action during viral ingress.

Effect of intra- and inter-specific plant interactions on the rhizosphere microbiome of a single target plant at different densities.

Root and rhizosphere studies often focus on analyzing single-plant microbiomes, with the literature containing minimum empirical information about the shared rhizosphere microbiome of multiple plants. Here, the rhizosphere of individual plants was analyzed in a microcosm study containing different combinations and densities (1-3 plants, 24 plants, and 48 plants) of cover crops: Medicago sativa, Brassica sp., and Fescue sp.

From impact metrics and open science to communicating research: Journalists' awareness of academic controversies.

This study sheds light on how journalists respond to evolving debates within academia around topics including research integrity, improper use of metrics to measure research quality and impact, and the risks and benefits of the open science movement. It does so through a codebook thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with 19 health and science journalists from the Global North. We find that journalists' perceptions of these academic controversies vary widely, with some displaying a highly critical and nuanced understanding and others presenting a more limited awareness.

Impact of Chlorella vulgaris and probiotic supplementation on performance, immunity and intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens.

Chlorella vulgaris has antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as the probiotic that is important for keeping the intestinal microbiota balanced. The objective was to test the impact of supplementation with microalgae and/or probiotics on broiler chickens' performance, immunity, and intestinal microbiota. The experimental design was in randomized blocks in a 4x2 factorial scheme, with four levels of inclusion of C.

Generalized functional varying-index coefficient model for dynamic synergistic gene-environment interactions with binary longitudinal traits.

The genetic basis of complex traits involves the function of many genes with small effects as well as complex gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. As one of the major players in complex diseases, the role of gene-environment interactions has been increasingly recognized. Motivated by epidemiology studies to evaluate the joint effect of environmental mixtures, we developed a functional varying-index coefficient model (FVICM) to assess the combined effect of environmental mixtures and their interactions with genes, under a longitudinal design with quantitative traits.

Metabolomic analysis of murine tissues infected with Brucella melitensis.

Brucella is a gram negative, facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen that constitutes a substantial threat to human and animal health. Brucella can replicate in a variety of tissues and can induce immune responses that alter host metabolite availability. Here, mice were infected with B.

Comparing PSA Screening Patterns and Their Role as Predictor of Prostate Cancer Diagnosis: Analysis of a Contemporary North American Cohort.

Introduction: PSA screening remains a pivotal tool for early prostate cancer (PCa) detection. International guidelines rely on evidence from three major randomized clinical trials: ERSPC, PLCO, and CAP. We aim to examine the percentage of patients in real-world practice who get PSA screening as defined by each of the aforementioned trials.

Identifying the Molecular Signatures of Organic Matter Leached from Land-Applied Biosolids via 21 T FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry.

Intensification of wastewater treatment residual (i.e., biosolid) applications to watersheds can alter the amount and composition of organic matter (OM) mobilized into waterways.

ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 promotes root growth by maintaining redox homeostasis and repressing oxidative stress response.

Oxidative stress is a major threat to plant growth and survival. To understand how plants cope with oxidative stress, we carried out a genetic screen for Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants with altered response to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in root growth. Herein, we report the characterization of one of the hypersensitive mutants obtained.

Structural and Kinetic Characterization of an Acetoacetyl-Coenzyme A: Acetate Coenzyme A Transferase from the Extreme Thermophile Thermosipho melanesiensis.

CtfAB from the extremely thermophilic bacterium, Thermosipho melanesiensis, has been used for in vivo acetone production up to 70°C. This enzyme has tentatively been identified as the rate-limiting step, due to its relatively low binding affinity for acetate. However, existing kinetic and mechanistic studies on this enzyme are insufficient to evaluate this hypothesis.

The design of a striking dummy and the theoretical foundations of martial arts strikes.

The aim of the research was to develop the design of a striking dummy and the theoretical foundations of martial arts strikes and to test its effectiveness in a pedagogical experiment. This paper presents the design of a striking dummy and the foundational theories behind martial arts strikes. We used modern microelectronics, including a diverse range of sensors, for executing a multitude of electromechanical measurements.