A Multimethod Exploration of Moral Distress and Moral Injury Among Health Care Assistants Working in Psychiatric Settings.

Moral distress and moral injury among health workers yield adverse physical, psychological, and labor force outcomes. Research is limited on how psychiatric healthcare assistants experience these issues. In this multi-method study, we conducted a quantitative survey and qualitative interviews to examine moral distress and injury among psychiatric healthcare assistants.

Tunable quantum emitters on large-scale foundry silicon photonics.

Controlling large-scale many-body quantum systems at the level of single photons and single atomic systems is a central goal in quantum information science and technology. Intensive research and development has propelled foundry-based silicon-on-insulator photonic integrated circuits to a leading platform for large-scale optical control with individual mode programmability. However, integrating atomic quantum systems with single-emitter tunability remains an open challenge.

Measuring trust in one's physician: A scoping review.

Trust in one's physician drives positive health practices. However, the conceptualization and subsequent operationalization of trust have become clouded due to the multitude of approaches that have resulted in several different measures with varied dimensions and indicators. The objectives of this scoping review were: 1) to discover any new developments in the measurement of trust, 2) to identify those measures of trust, whether newly created or refined in the last ten years, that have known reliability and validity, and 3) to compare those instruments' conceptualizations, dimensions, and indicators.

Shifting Tides: The Evolution of Racial Inequality in Higher Education from the 1980s through the 2010s.

Amid the proliferation of state-level bans on race-based affirmative action in higher education, the U.S. Supreme Court's decision on June 29, 2023, dismantled race-conscious college admission policies, intensifying concerns about the persistence and potential increase of racial inequality in higher education.

Corrigendum: Axonal transport during injury on a theoretical axon.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.

Quantum-Walk-Inspired Dynamic Adiabatic Local Search.

We investigate the irreconcilability issue that arises when translating the search algorithm from the Continuous Time Quantum Walk (CTQW) framework to the Adiabatic Quantum Computing (AQC) framework. For the AQC formulation to evolve along the same path as the CTQW, it requires a constant energy gap in the Hamiltonian throughout the AQC schedule. To resolve the constant gap issue, we modify the CTQW-inspired AQC catalyst Hamiltonian from an XZ operator to a oracle operator.

Axonal transport during injury on a theoretical axon.

Neurodevelopment, plasticity, and cognition are integral with functional directional transport in neuronal axons that occurs along a unique network of discontinuous polar microtubule (MT) bundles. Axonopathies are caused by brain trauma and genetic diseases that perturb or disrupt the axon MT infrastructure and, with it, the dynamic interplay of motor proteins and cargo essential for axonal maintenance and neuronal signaling. The inability to visualize and quantify normal and altered nanoscale spatio-temporal dynamic transport events prevents a full mechanistic understanding of injury, disease progression, and recovery.

Embryonic Spinal Cord Innervation in Human Trunk Organogenesis Gastruloids: Cardiac Versus Enteric Customization and Beyond.

Trunk-biased human gastruloids provide the ability to couple developmentally relevant spinal neurogenesis and organ morphogenesis via spatiotemporal self-organization events from derivatives of the three germ layers. The multi-lineage nature of gastruloids provides the full complexity of regulatory signaling cues that surpasses directed organoids and lays the foundation for an ex vivo self-evolving system. Here we detail two distinct protocols for trunk-biased gastruloids from an elongated, polarized structure with coordinated organ-specific neural patterning.

Symptomatic Infection with spp. Decreases Diapause Survival in a Wild Bumble Bee Species ().

, a microsporidian parasite (previously classified as ), has been implicated in the decline of wild bumble bee species in North America. Previous studies examining its influence on colony performance have displayed variable results, from extremely detrimental effects to no observable influence, and little is known about the effects it has on individuals during the winter diapause, a bottleneck for survival in many annual pollinators. Here, we examined the effect of infection, body size, and mass on diapause survival in gynes.

Generation of human elongating multi-lineage organized cardiac gastruloids.

Human elongating multi-lineage organized (EMLOC) gastruloid technology captures key aspects of trunk neurodevelopment including neural integration with cardiogenesis. We generate multi-chambered, contractile EMLOC gastruloids with integrated central and peripheral neurons using defined culture conditions and signaling factors. hiPSC colonies are primed by activating FGF and Wnt signaling pathways for co-induced lineages.

All-Carbon Nanotube Solar Cell Devices Mimic Photosynthesis.

Both solar cells and photosynthetic systems employ a two-step process of light absorption and energy conversion. In photosynthesis, they are performed by distinct proteins. However, conventional solar cells use the same semiconductor for optical absorption and electron-hole separation, leading to inefficiencies.

Human stem cell-derived neurons and neural circuitry therapeutics: Next frontier in spinal cord injury repair.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a life-altering event that devastates those injured and the families that support them. Numerous laboratories are engaged in preclinical and clinical trials to repair the injured spinal cord with stem cell-derived therapeutics. A new developmental paradigm reveals early bifurcation of brain or trunk neurons in mammals via neuromesodermal progenitors (NMPs) relevant to therapies requiring homotypic spinal cord neural populations.

A combined human gastruloid model of cardiogenesis and neurogenesis.

Multi-lineage development from gastruloids is enabling unprecedented opportunities to model and study human embryonic processes and is expected to accelerate strategies in organ development. Reproducing human cardiogenesis with neurogenesis in a multi-lineage context remains challenging, requiring spatiotemporal input of paracrine and mechanical cues. Here we extend elongating multi-lineage organized (EMLO) gastruloids to include cardiogenesis (EMLOC) and describe interconnected neuro-cardiac lineages in a single gastruloid model.

Exploring the meaning of unresolved loss and trauma in more than 1,000 Adult Attachment Interviews.

Unresolved states of mind regarding experiences of loss/abuse (U/d) are identified through lapses in the monitoring of reasoning, discourse, and behavior surrounding loss/abuse in response to the Adult Attachment Interview. Although the coding system for U/d has been widely used for decades, the individual indicators of unresolved loss/abuse have not been validated independently of the development sample. This study examined the psychometric validity of U/d, using individual participant data from 1,009 parent-child dyads across 13 studies.

Inferring the energy sensitivity and band gap of electronic transport in a network of carbon nanotubes.

Since the industrialization of single-phase nanomaterial-based devices is still challenging, intensive research focus has been given to complex materials consisting of multiple nanoscale entities, including networks and matrices of nanowires, nanotubes, nanoribbons, or other large molecules; among these complex materials, networks of carbon nanotubes are a typical example. Detailed knowledge of the energy sensitivity and band gap of electronic transport in such a material system is difficult to detect, despite its importance in electronic, energetic and sensing applications. Here, we propose a new methodology to obtain these quantities using the measured Seebeck coefficient at a certain temperature but different Fermi levels.

Monitoring and modulation of the tumor microenvironment for enhanced cancer modeling.

Cancer treatments utilizing biologic or cytotoxic drugs compose the frontline of therapy, and though gains in treatment efficacy have been persistent in recent decades, much work remains in understanding cancer progression and treatment. Compounding this situation is the low rate of success when translating preclinical drug candidates to the clinic, which raises costs and development timelines. This underperformance is due in part to the poor recapitulation of the tumor microenvironment, a critical component of cancer biology, in cancer model systems.

Fully Characterized Mature Human iPS- and NMP-Derived Motor Neurons Thrive Without Neuroprotection in the Spinal Contusion Cavity.

Neural cell interventions in spinal cord injury (SCI) have focused predominantly on transplanted multipotent neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) for animal research and clinical use due to limited information on survival of spinal neurons. However, transplanted NSPC fate is unpredictable and largely governed by injury-derived matrix and cytokine factors that are often gliogenic and inflammatory. Here, using a rat cervical hemicontusion model, we evaluate the survival and integration of hiPSC-derived spinal motor neurons (SMNs) and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs).

Smart fracture plate for quantifying fracture healing: Preliminary efficacy in a biomechanical model.

The diagnosis of fracture nonunion following plate osteosynthesis is subjective and frequently ambiguous. Initially following osteosynthesis, loads applied to the bone are primarily transmitted through the plate. However, as callus stiffness increases, the callus is able to bear load proportional to its stiffness while forces through the plate decrease.

Nanotechnology Fundamentals Applied to Clinical Infectious Diseases and Public Health.

Nanotechnology involves the discovery and fabrication of nanoscale materials possessing unique physicochemical properties that are being employed in industry and medicine. Infectious Diseases clinicians and public health scientists utilize nanotechnology applications to diagnose, treat, and prevent infectious diseases. However, fundamental principles of nanotechnology are often presented in technical formats that presuppose an advanced knowledge of chemistry, physics, and engineering, thereby limiting the clinician's grasp of the underlying science.

Inverse Laplace transformation analysis of stretched exponential relaxation.

We investigate the effectiveness of the Inverse Laplace Transform (ILT) analysis method to extract the distribution of relaxation rates from nuclear magnetic resonance data with stretched exponential relaxation. Stretched-relaxation is a hallmark of a distribution of relaxation rates, and an analytical expression exists for this distribution for the case of a spin-1/2 nucleus. We compare this theoretical distribution with those extracted via the ILT method for several values of the stretching exponent and at different levels of experimental noise.

Transplantable human motor networks as a neuron-directed strategy for spinal cord injury.

To repair neural circuitry following spinal cord injury (SCI), neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation has held a primary focus; however, stochastic outcomes generate challenges driven in part by NSC differentiation and tumor formation. The recent ability to generate regionally specific neurons and their support cells now allows consideration of directed therapeutic approaches with pre-differentiated and networked spinal neural cells. Here, we form encapsulated, transplantable neuronal networks of regionally matched cervical spinal motor neurons, interneurons, and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells derived through trunk-biased neuromesodermal progenitors.

Orientation-Controlled Large-Area Epitaxial PbI Thin Films with Tunable Optical Properties.

Lead iodide (PbI) as a layered material has emerged as an excellent candidate for optoelectronics in the visible and ultraviolet regime. Micrometer-sized flakes synthesized by mechanical exfoliation from bulk crystals or by physical vapor deposition have shown a plethora of applications from low-threshold lasing at room temperature to high-performance photodetectors with large responsivity and faster response. However, large-area centimeter-sized growth of epitaxial thin films of PbI with well-controlled orientation has been challenging.