GBT1118, a Voxelotor Analog, Ameliorates Hepatopathy in Sickle Cell Disease.

In sickle cell disease (SCD), hepatopathy is a cumulative consequence of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury from a vaso-occlusive crisis, tissue inflammation, and iron overload due to blood transfusion. Hepatopathy is a major contributing factor of shortened life span in SCD patients. We hypothesized that the voxelotor, a hemoglobin allosteric modifier, ameliorates sickle hepatopathy.

Outcomes after Surgical Resection of Jugular Foramen Schwannomas: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

 We sought to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of outcomes after surgical resection of jugular foramen schwannomas (JFSs).  A systematic review of the literature was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.  PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases were searched.

Microscopic characteristics of peri- and postmortem fracture surfaces.

This study investigated if microscopic surface features captured with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) effectively discriminate fracture timing. We hypothesized that microscopic fracture characteristics, including delamination, osteon pullout, and microcracks, may vary as bone elasticity decreases, elucidating perimortem and postmortem events more reliably than macroscopic analyses. Thirty-seven unembalmed, defleshed human femoral shafts from males (n=18) and females (n=2) aged 33-81 years were fractured at experimentally simulated postmortem intervals (PMIs) ranging from 1 to 60 warm weather days (250-40,600 ADH).

Underwater versus conventional endoscopic submucosal dissection for colorectal lesions: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Aims: Effect of underwater endoscopic submucosal dissection (UESD) on clinical outcomes as compared with conventional ESD (CESD) remains unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis of the available data.

Methods: Online databases were searched for studies comparing UESD with CESD for colorectal lesions.

FGFR Inhibition in Urothelial Carcinoma.

Background And Objective: The 2024 US Food and Drug Administration approval of erdafitinib for the treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) with FGFR3 alterations ushered in the era of targeted therapy for bladder cancer. In this review, we summarize the effects of FGFR pathway alterations in oncogenesis, clinical data supporting FGFR inhibitors in the management of bladder cancer, and the challenges that remain.

Methods: Original articles relevant to FGFR inhibitors in urothelial cancer between 1995 and 2024 were systematically identified in the PubMed and MEDLINE databases using the search terms "FGFR" and "bladder cancer".

A Retrospective Analysis of the Underlying Health Status of Patients Treated for Stroke in the Emergency Department of a Community Hospital Situated in a Health Professional Shortage Area.

Background Hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia are known contributors to the incidence of stroke. These and other risk factors such as smoking can be managed with effective primary care, but living in a medically underserved area and racial background can limit access, thereby deleteriously affecting underlying medical conditions and disproportionately contributing to negative stroke outcomes. Our goal is to learn about the on-admission health of 1,731 stroke patients who presented to the Crouse Hospital emergency department (ED) between January 2019 and January 2021 to better understand the circumstances affecting these patients.

Impact of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: An Updated Review.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have become one of the most popular medications for patients with diabetes and obesity. Due to their effects on gut motility via central or parasympathetic pathways, there have been concerns about an increased incidence of retained gastric contents and risk of aspiration in the perioperative period. Hence, the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) recommends holding GLP-1 RAs on the procedure day or a week before the elective procedure based on the respective daily or weekly formulations, regardless of the dose, indication (obesity or diabetes), or procedure type.

Comparative Effects of GLP-1 Agonists, Sleeve Gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass on Diabetes Mellitus Outcomes.

Purpose Of Review: The purpose of this review is to assess the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists, sleeve gastrectomy (SG), and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remission. This review explores the efficacy, safety, and durability of these surgical and medical modalities of diabetes management.

Recent Findings: Studies have shown that GLP-1 agonists achieve higher rates of T2DM remission compared to standard glucose-lowering medications and lifestyle changes.

In Memoriam: Professor Joseph Biederman's Contributions to Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

Objective: To provide an overview of Joe Biederman's contributions to child and adolescent psychiatry.

Method: Nine colleagues described his contributions to: psychopharmacology, comorbidity and genetics, pediatric bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorders, Tourette's and tic disorders, clinical and neuro biomarkers for pediatric mood disorders, executive functioning, and adult ADHD.

Results: Joe Biederman left us with many concrete indicators of his contributions to child and adolescent psychiatry.

Reconciling heterogeneous dengue virus infection risk estimates from different study designs.

Uncovering rates at which susceptible individuals become infected with a pathogen, i.e. the force of infection (FOI), is essential for assessing transmission risk and reconstructing distribution of immunity in a population.

Successful Treatment of Plasma Cell-Rich Acute Rejection Using Bortezomib: A Case Report.

Plasma cell-rich acute rejection (PCAR), a relatively rare subtype of acute allograft rejection, is usually associated with a significantly lower treatment response rate and a higher graft failure rate. PCAR is characterized by the presence of more than 10% of plasma cells out of all graft infiltrating cells, with approximately 40%-60% of PCAR resulting in graft failure within a year. Currently, there is no gold standard for the effective treatment of PCAR.

Once-weekly insulin efsitora alfa versus once-daily insulin degludec in adults with type 1 diabetes (QWINT-5): a phase 3 randomised non-inferiority trial.

Background: Insulin efsitora alfa (efsitora) is a once-weekly basal insulin. This phase 3 study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of efsitora compared with insulin degludec (degludec) in adults with type 1 diabetes.

Methods: This randomised, 52-week, parallel-design, open-label, treat-to-target non-inferiority study conducted at 82 global health-care centres, randomly assigned (1:1) adults (ie, those aged ≥18 years) with type 1 diabetes glycated haemoglobin A (HbA) 7·0-10·0% (53·0-85·8 mmol/mol) to efsitora (n=343) or, degludec (n=349), both in combination with insulin lispro.

Endoscopic Through-the-Scope X-Tack Helix Suturing System for Complete Closure of a Large Full-Thickness After Surgical Gastric Perforation.

Gastric perforation is considered a surgical emergency managed operatively; however, endoscopic repair techniques have gained popularity as they are cost-effective, improve mortality, and decrease hospital stay and recurrence. With increased prevalence of gastric defects postoperatively and after invasive endoscopic procedures, various endoscopic techniques were developed over the years, but special consideration should be given to the defect type, size, and location. Our case highlights the use of X-Tack through-the-scope suturing for closing a large, full-thickness gastric perforation in a difficult location where OverStitch is not feasible.

FHOD-1 and profilin protect sarcomeres against contraction-induced deformation> in .

Formin HOmology Domain 2-containing (FHOD) proteins are a subfamily of actin-organizing formins important for striated muscle development in many animals. We showed previously that absence of the sole FHOD protein, FHOD-1, from results in thin body wall muscles with misshapen dense bodies that serve as sarcomere Z-lines. We demonstrate here that mutations predicted to specifically disrupt actin polymerization by FHOD-1 similarly disrupt muscle development, and that FHOD-1 cooperates with profilin PFN-3 for dense body morphogenesis, and with profilins PFN-2 and PFN-3 to promote body wall muscle growth.

Brief Psychotic Episodes and Depressed Mood in a Patient With Borderline Personality Disorder and Antiphospholipid Syndrome.

Psychiatric disorders are reported to be associated with systemic inflammatory conditions and autoimmune diseases. Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a rare condition with poorly understood prevalence and incidence in the general population. Case reports have described co-occurrences of psychiatric conditions and APS.

Hematopoietic Growth Factors Regulate the Entry of Monocytes into the Adult Brain via Chemokine Receptor CCR5.

Monocytes are circulating macrophage precursors generated from bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells. In adults, monocytes continuously replenish cerebral border-associated macrophages under physiological conditions. Monocytes also rapidly infiltrate the brain in pathological settings.

Choroid Plexitis and Obstructive Hydrocephalus Secondary to Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis in an Immunocompetent Individual With Remarkable Imaging Findings: A Case Report.

is an invasive and opportunistic fungus usually associated with immunocompromised individuals. Invasion of the choroid plexus by is rare. This report presents the radiologic findings of a previously healthy male with bilateral choroid plexus invasion complicated by obstructive hydrocephalus.

Single-Session Endoscopic Ultrasound-Directed Transgastric Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography and Simultaneous Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Transmural Gallbladder Drainage in Choledocholithiasis and Acute Cholecystitis After Unsuccessful Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.

In patients considered high risk of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, percutaneous gallbladder drainage is traditionally considered first-line treatment option. Recent evidence supports endoscopic gallbladder drainage as a safe and feasible alternate option. We describe a case of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery patient with acute cholecystitis and choledocholithiasis with unsuccessful laparoscopic cholecystectomy because of difficult operative field, underwent successful single-session endoscopic ultrasound-directed transgastric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic ultrasound-guided transmural gallbladder drainage at our institution.