Ion-pair formation observed in a pulsed-field ionization photoelectron spectroscopic study of HF.

The pulsed-field ionization (PFI) photoelectron (PE) spectrum of HF has been recorded at the chemical dynamics beamline of the advanced light source over the photon energy range 15.9-16.5 eV using a time-of-flight selection scheme at a resolution of 0.

Structural determinants of the abortion rate: a cross-societal analysis.

Data for a sample of 89 countries are used to examine societal-level predictors of the legal status of abortion and its incidence as indicated by abortion rates. Measures of socioeconomic development, women's labor force participation, and dominant religion are considered as predictors of abortion. Logistic regression analysis reveals that socioeconomic development has a positive effect on the probability of abortion being legal.

Total synthesis of (+/-)-biphyscion.

[formula: see text] A regiospecific total synthesis of (+/-)-biphyscion (1) is described. A novel aspect of the plan was construction of the bianthraquinone ring system from a biphenyl intermediate through the use of a one-pot, double isobenzofuranone condensation.

Total synthesis of (+/-)-methyl rishirilide B.

[formula: see text] A regio- and stereospecific total synthesis of (+/-)-methyl rishirilide B (2b), and (alpha)2-macroglobulin inhibitor, is described. A key feature of the synthetic plan was regiospecific construction of a hydroanthracenone intermediate through condensation of a phenylsulfonyl isobenzofuranone with a functionalized 2-cyclohexen-1-one. Introduction of the vicinal trans-hydroxyl groups in the densely functionalized A-ring was accomplished via a novel one-pot procedure that involved oxidation of enolate anions with the Davis reagent.

Synthetic studies on nogarol anthracyclines. Enantioselective total synthesis of an aminohydroxy epoxybenzoxocin.

A chiral synthesis of the aminohydroxy expoxybenzoxocin 6 is described. Enantioselective Friedel-Crafts coupling using a chiral titanium catalyst was employed to produce the optically active atrolactic ester 16a from the phenol 11 and l-menthyl pyruvate (12). The phenolic group in 16a was protected as the benzyl ether and the t-alcohol functionality as the MEM ether to give 20, which after sequential reduction/oxidation provided the aldehyde 22.

Cytoplasmic factors do not contribute to a maternal effect on ethanol teratogenesis.

Both maternal and fetal genetic factors influence variations in response to prenatal ethanol exposure. To assess the effect of maternal genotype on the incidence of ethanol teratogenesis, a reciprocal cross study was conducted in an animal mode using the relatively susceptible C57BL/6J (B6) and the relatively resistant DBA/2J (D2) inbred mice. This mating pattern produced four embryonic genotypes: true-bred B6B6 and D2D2 litters and hybrid B6D2 and D2B6 litters.

Residential mobility between cities and suburbs: race, suburbanization, and back-to-the-city moves.

Information from the 1979 to 1986 waves of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics is merged with data on respondents' tract and metropolitan area of residence to examine patterns and determinants of residential mobility between central cities and suburbs. Consistent with the life-cycle model of residential mobility, mobility in both directions declines with age, but on balance the presence of young children deters moving to the suburbs. Among blacks, education increases the probability of moving from cities to suburbs, while high income retains blacks and whites in suburbs.

Prenatal care utilization in New York City: comparison of measures and assessment of their significance for urban health.

This paper considers policy and programmatic consequences of shifting measurement of prenatal care utilization from the Kessner Index (KI) to the Adequacy of Prenatal Care Utilization Index (APNCUI). In gauging the adequacy of prenatal care utilization, the KI considers the timing of prenatal care initiation and the number of prenatal visits. The APNCUI also considers both timing of initiation and number of visits, but the approach taken to conceptualizing and measuring these two aspects of prenatal care utilization is more refined.

A mutation in segment I-S6 alters slow inactivation of sodium channels.

Slow inactivation occurs in voltage-gated Na+ channels when the membrane is depolarized for several seconds, whereas fast inactivation takes place rapidly within a few milliseconds. Unlike fast inactivation, the molecular entity that governs the slow inactivation of Na+ channels has not been as well defined. Some regions of Na+ channels, such as mu1-W402C and mu1-T698M, have been reported to affect slow inactivation.

Engaging and retaining women in outpatient alcohol and other drug treatment: the effect of referral intensity.

Women with alcohol or other drug (AOD) problems experience a range of barriers to inpatient treatment. Although research in the general population shows that high-intensity referrals are more effective than low-intensity referrals at engaging and retaining individuals in outpatient AOD treatment, the impact of referral intensity has not been assessed for women only. To examine this issue, a secondary analysis was conducted using an existing data set that included a sample of 109 women.

Anger, aggression, and violence in love triangles.

Motives for anger and aggression in love triangles are discussed and then examined using homicide data and survey data from college students. We find that love triangles are a more important motive when females commit homicide than when males commit homicide. Females usually kill their lover while males usually kill their rival.

Mental retardation and domestic violence: an ecological approach to intervention.

The public and health and law enforcement professionals have finally become aware of the problem of domestic violence among community-dwelling women with developmental disabilities such as mental retardation. This article presents an ecological approach to analyzing factors that contribute to and maintain such abuse. Service needs of women with developmental disabilities who experience domestic violence as well as assumptions that should underlie treatment are addressed within an ecological framework.

Solid 13C CPMAS NMR spectroscopy studies of biosynthesis in whole cells of Methanosphaera stadtmanae.

Whole cells of Methanosphaera stadtmanae were grown in media containing [13C]CO2, [2-13C]acetate, [1-13C]acetate, [3-13C]serine and [1-13C]formate. The label incorporation was determined using solid state 13C CPMAS NMR spectroscopy. The incorporation of serine hydroxymethyl carbon into the purine rings of nucleic acids and most probably the methyl group of thymine is demonstrated.

Making a place in the metropolis: locational attainment in cities and suburbs.

What accounts for the differences in the kinds of communities within the metropolis in which members of different racial and ethnic groups live? Do socioeconomic advancement and acculturation provide greater integration with whites or access to more desirable locations for minority-group members? Are these effects the same for Asians or Hispanics as for blacks? Does suburbanization offer a step toward greater equality in the housing market, or do minorities find greater discrimination in the suburban housing market? Data from 1980 for five large metropolitan regions are used to estimate "locational-attainment models," which evaluate the effects of group members' individual attributes on two measures of the character of their living environment: the socioeconomic standing (median household income) and racial composition (proportion non-Hispanic white) of the census tract where they reside. Separate models predict these outcomes for whites, blacks, Hispanics, and Asians. Net of the effects of individuals' background characteristics, whites live in census tracts with the highest average proportion of white residents and the highest median household income.

Rhythmic activities of isolated and clustered pacemaker neurons and photoreceptors of Aplysia retina in culture.

Each eye of Aplysia contains a circadian clock that produces a robust rhythm of optic nerve impulse activity. To isolate the pacemaker neurons and photoreceptors of the eye and determine their participation in the circadian clock and its generation of rhythmic autoactivity, the retina was dissociated and its cells were placed in primary cell culture. The isolated neurons and photoreceptors survived and vigorously extended neurites tipped with growth cones.

The Johnson Intervention and relapse during outpatient treatment.

The Johnson Intervention is a therapeutic technique in which members of a person's social network confront him or her about the damage that drinking and drug use has caused and the action they will take if he or she does not enter treatment. Previously, we evaluated the effectiveness of the Johnson Intervention at engaging and retaining clients in outpatient alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment by comparing it to four other methods of referral. Although individuals who undergo a Johnson Intervention are most likely to enter treatment, the power of the Johnson Intervention to retain clients deteriorates over the course of treatment, as indicated by their diminished likelihood of completing.

Beyond homing: competition between intron endonucleases confers a selective advantage on flanking genetic markers.

The closely related B. subtilis bacteriophages SPO1 and SP82 have similar introns inserted into a conserved domain of their DNA polymerase genes. These introns encode endonucleases with unique properties.