Rate of castration-induced prostate stroma regression is reduced in a mouse model of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a non-neoplastic proliferative disease producing lower urinary tract symptoms related to the resulting enlarged prostate. BPH is pathologically characterized by hyperplastic growth in both epithelial and stromal compartments. Androgen signaling is essential for prostate function and androgen blockade is the second-line medical therapy to relieve symptoms of BPH.

Linking community assembly and structure across scales in a wild mouse parasite community.

Understanding what processes drive community structure is fundamental to ecology. Many wild animals are simultaneously infected by multiple parasite species, so host-parasite communities can be valuable tools for investigating connections between community structures at multiple scales, as each host can be considered a replicate parasite community. Like free-living communities, within-host-parasite communities are hierarchical; ecological interactions between hosts and parasites can occur at multiple scales (e.

Six new species and reports of (Cantharellales) from eastern North America.

Five species of have been generally recognized from eastern North America based on morphological recognition: , , and varieties, , and . Other unique North American species, such as and , are either illegitimately named or considered synonymous with European taxa. Here, seventeen phylogenetic species of are detected from eastern North America based on a molecular phylogenetic survey of ITS sequences from herbarium collections and GenBank data, including environmental sequences.

Introducing 12 new dyes for use with oligonucleotide functionalised silver nanoparticles for DNA detection with SERS.

Oligonucleotide functionalised metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been shown to be an effective tool in the detection of disease-specific DNA and have been employed in a number of diagnostic assays. The MNPs are also capable of facilitating surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enabling detection to become highly sensitive. Herein we demonstrate the expansion of the range of specific SERS-active oligonucleotide MNPs through the use of 12 new Raman-active monomethine and trimethine chalcogenopyrylium and benzochalcogenopyrylium derivatives.

Color opponent receptive fields self-organize in a biophysical model of visual cortex via spike-timing dependent plasticity.

Although many computational models have been proposed to explain orientation maps in primary visual cortex (V1), it is not yet known how similar clusters of color-selective neurons in macaque V1/V2 are connected and develop. In this work, we address the problem of understanding the cortical processing of color information with a possible mechanism of the development of the patchy distribution of color selectivity via computational modeling. Each color input is decomposed into a red, green, and blue representation and transmitted to the visual cortex via a simulated optic nerve in a luminance channel and red-green and blue-yellow opponent color channels.

Effectiveness of an infiltrant on sealing of composite restoration margins with/without artificial caries.

Aim: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a resin infiltrant (ICON) on marginal sealing ability of class II resin restorations with/without-caries.

Materials And Methods: Forty-eight noncarious human pre-molar teeth were embedded and MO and DO preparations of standard dimensions were prepared. The left side of dentin margins of the cavities were left nonbonded (UB) while the right side were bonded using total etch-bonding agent and all restored with a Nanohybrid composite.