Who has screening mammography? Results from the 1994-1995 National Population Health Survey.

Objective: To determine the characteristics of Canadian women aged 35 to 49 who receive screening mammograms not recommended by the Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination.

Design: Secondary data analysis of the 1994-1995 National Population Health Survey.

Setting: Patients' homes.

Nicotine's effect on hypothalamic neurotransmitters and appetite regulation.

Background: Tobacco smoking reduces appetite and body weight. Cessation of smoking leads to hyperphagia and weight gain. Food intake is a function of meal number (MN) and meal size (MZ) (i.

Bilateral ovarian stromal hyperplasia concealing a nonhilar, pure stromal-Leydig cell tumor. A case report.

Background: Of ovarian stromal tumors containing Leydig cells, nonhilar, pure stromal-Leydig cell tumor is rare.

Case: An obese, diabetic, borderline hypertensive 41-year-old woman with a five-year history of oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea presented with complaints of masculinization. Physical examination revealed hirsutism and an enlarged clitoris.

The long-term effects of pregnancy and bromocriptine treatment on prolactinomas--the value of radiologic studies.

Objective: To evaluate the long-term effects of pregnancy and bromocriptine treatment on prolactin-secreting pituitary tumors in women undergoing infertility treatment for prolactinomas.

Methods: The records of 17 patients with prolactinomas were reviewed. Data regarding age, prepregnancy baseline and postpartum serum prolactin levels, and radiologic studies including CT or MRI were assessed.

Fatal adverse event secondary to high osmolality contrast agent.

Adverse drug events secondary to iodinated contrast agents are of particular concern to all clinicians. Despite the availability of newer agents, the mortality rates remain unchanged. We describe a fatal adverse event secondary to use of the high osmolality agent iothalmate meglumine 30%.

The effect of cimetidine on the formation of sulfamethoxazole hydroxylamine in patients with human immunodeficiency virus.

Hypersensitivity reactions from trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole are likely caused by a reactive nitroso intermediate formed from sulfamethoxazole hydroxylamine. This pilot study tested whether cimetidine inhibits the urinary excretion of sulfamethoxazole hydroxylamine. Ten outpatients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and currently receiving trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis were randomly selected from 59 eligible patients.

Differences among type I, II, and III inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors in ligand-binding affinity influence the sensitivity of calcium stores to inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate.

Type I, II, and III inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) receptors are expressed selectively in different cell lines and tissues. We examined whether type I, II, and III InsP3 receptors differ in ligand-binding affinity and whether such differences influence the sensitivity of Ca2+ stores to InsP3. Initially, SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, AR4-2J rat pancreatoma cells, and RINm5F rat insulinoma cells were studied because these cells express predominantly (>85%) type I, II, and III receptors, respectively.

The use of near-infrared cerebral oximetry in awake carotid endarterectomy.

Study Objective: To determine the utility of cerebral oximetry for monitoring the adequacy of cerebral blood flow (CBF) during carotid cross-clamp.

Design: Prospective study.

Setting: University hospital.

Survival of rat small bowel allografts treated with allotrap 07R.

Previous reports from other investigators demonstrate prolongation of allogeneic heart graft survival and decrease in CTL responses in rats treated with a small synthetic peptide corresponding to residues 75-84 of the human HLA-B7-01 molecule (Allotrap 07R). We wished to determine the efficacy of these peptides in the highly immunogenic ACI > LEW and LEW > ACI small bowel transplant models. Animals were divided into treatment groups: I, none; II, Allotrap (20 mg/kg/day on Days 0-4); III, cyclosporine (CsA; 10 mg/kg/day on Days 0-4); IV, Allotrap + CsA (as in groups II and III); V, Allotrap (40 mg/kg/day every other day on Days -19 to 4); VI, Allotrap + CsA (as in groups III and V); VII, Allotrap + CsA (as in groups III and V, with Allotrap administered intragraft Days 0-4).

Anticonvulsant usage is associated with an increased risk of procarbazine hypersensitivity reactions in patients with brain tumors.

Background: Procarbazine usage in brain tumors has a high incidence of hypersensitivity reactions compared with its use in other malignancies. Procarbazine oxidation to a reactive intermediate is enhanced by phenobarbital. Patients with primary brain tumors would have a preferential exposure to anticonvulsants compared to patients with other malignancies.

After the diagnosis.

When the words "Alzheimer's disease" are first used regarding a patient with increasing memory and judgment problems, the person involved and his or her family members usually leave the office with sinking hearts. However, Dr. Ham believes that using the term is important, because it gives structure to management and can be the impetus to seek information about the disease and learn about local support organizations.

Cytologic diagnosis of peritoneal fluids. Applicability to the laparoscopic diagnosis of endometriosis.

Objective: To determine the accuracy of cytologic examination of laparoscopically obtained peritoneal fluid in the diagnosis of endometriosis.

Study Design: This investigation analyzed 50 laparoscopic fluid specimens received over a three-year period. Retrospective cytologic findings were correlated with clinical history and laparoscopic diagnoses.

MR of staphylococcal myelitis of the cervical spinal cord.

A homogeneously enhancing cervical cord lesion and multiple ring-enhancing brain lesions were detected with MR imaging in a 41-year-old woman with a staphylococcal septicemia. The brain and spinal cord lesions diminished in size after antibiotic therapy. Although no biopsy was performed, we believe, on the basis of the clinical outcome, that the spinal cord lesion represented a bacterial myelitis and that the lesion was prevented from developing into an abscess by early antibiotic therapy.

Effects of steroidal allenic phosphonic acid derivatives on the parasitic protists Leishmania donovani, Leishmania mexicana mexicana, and Pneumocystis carinii carinii.

Several pathogenic fungi and protozoa are known to have sterols distinct from those of their mammalian hosts. Of particular interest as targets for drug development are the biosyntheses of the sterols of important parasites such as the kinetoplastid flagellates and the AIDS-associated opportunistic protist Pneumocystis carinii. These pathogens synthesize sterols with an alkyl group at C-24, and some have a double bond at C-22 of the side chain.

Incomplete reentry and epicardial breakthrough patterns during atrial fibrillation in the sheep heart.

Background: The mechanisms underlying atrial fibrillation and its initiation are not fully understood. Our hypothesis is that atrial fibrillation results from complex activation involving the subendocardial muscle network.

Methods And Results: We have used video imaging to study the sequence of activation on the surface of the right atrium of the Langendorff-perfused sheep heart during pacing, atrial fibrillation, and its initiation.

Postoperative assessment of a modified surgical approach to repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Long-term follow-up.

Background: After repair of tetralogy of Fallot, right ventricular (RV) dilation has been associated with increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death. To address this, a modified repair was developed.

Methods And Results: We followed two postoperative groups: group 1 (n = 20) received repair of tetralogy of Fallot with the modified technique with transatrial ventricular septal defect closure, a short infundibular incision with avoidance of muscle resection, and patch expansion of the RV outflow tract; group 2 (n = 22) received repair of tetralogy of Fallot by the traditional technique with ventricular septal defect closure through a ventriculotomy with resection of obstructing muscle.

Retinoic acid induction of the tissue transglutaminase promoter is mediated by a novel response element.

We recently cloned and sequenced two kilobases of the upstream flanking region of the mouse tissue transglutaminase gene. Transfection experiments showed that this region of the transglutaminase flanking sequence was sufficient to mediate a 4-fold induction in reporter gene expression by retinoic acid. The goal of these studies was to identify retinoid receptor binding sites within this proximal 2 kilobase sequence and then to determine if these binding sites had ligand-dependent enhancer activity.

Visual pathway hemorrhage associated with alcohol-induced coagulopathy.

Hemorrhage confined to the optic pathways is rare. We describe a patient with diffuse hemorrhage of the intracranial optic nerves, optic chiasm, and optic tracts, attributed to alcohol-induced coagulopathy. The hemorrhage resolved completely as the patient's vision improved, and subsequent neuroimaging studies showed atrophy of the affected structures.

Counseling needs of women with breast cancer: what the women tell us.

Research has demonstrated that some women treated for breast cancer are at risk for significant and persistent emotional distress and disrupted quality of life. Factors identified that appear to make women psychologically vulnerable include younger age at diagnosis, a history of high life stress or depression prior to diagnosis, and more advanced disease. Research has quickly moved to develop and implement psychological interventions to help these women, although little is known about the patients' perceptions of their need for, and use of, such services.

Hypertonic treatment reversibly increases the ratio of giant skew-miniature endplate potentials to bell-miniature endplate potentials.

Miniature endplate potentials were recorded from single frog muscle fibers before, during and after treatment with hypertonic saline (200-500 mM NaCl or Na gluconate added to frog saline). Miniature endplate potential amplitude distributions were plotted from small muscle fibers so that the modes and ratios of the skew-miniature endplate potential to bell-miniature endplate potential classes could be defined. Muscle fibers were voltage clamped with two electrodes to determine the input resistance before, during and after treatment.

Differential expression of C-protein isoforms in the developing heart of normal and cardiac lethal mutant axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum).

Regulated assembly of contractile proteins into sarcomeric structures, such as A- and I-bands, is still currently being defined. The presence of distinct isoforms of several muscle proteins suggests a possible mechanism by which myocytes regulate assembly during myofibrillogenesis. Of several muscle isoforms located within the A-band, myosin binding proteins (MyBP) are reported to be involved in the regulation and stabilization of thick filaments during sarcomere assembly.

Talking to teens about family problems. An opportunity for prevention.

Most pediatricians do not screen for family problems as part of routine adolescent health care. This study documents fears, worries, and concerns about family issues expressed by 147 teenagers on a confidential questionnaire during consecutive initial visits to an adolescent medicine clinic in a university hospital setting. Among the salient findings, 44% had thought about running away from home, 42% reported having been subjected to some form of abuse, and 33% had felt like hurting themselves or someone else.