High-frequency partial liquid ventilation in respiratory distress syndrome: hemodynamics and gas exchange.

Partial liquid ventilation using conventional ventilatory schemes improves lung function in animal models of respiratory failure. We examined the feasibility of high-frequency partial liquid ventilation in the preterm lamb with respiratory distress syndrome and evaluated its effect on pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics. Seventeen lambs were studied in three groups: high-frequency gas ventilation (Gas group), high-frequency partial liquid ventilation (Liquid group), and high-frequency partial liquid ventilation with hypoxia-hypercarbia (Liquid-Hypoxia group).

Occipital plagiocephaly: deformation or lambdoid synostosis? II. A unifying theory regarding pathogenesis.

Occipital plagiocephaly is characterized by both unilateral occipital flattening and ipsilateral frontal prominence with anterior deviation of the ipsilateral ear, yielding a characteristic parallelogram shape to the cranium. Radiographic changes in the lambdoid suture are often evident, but the lambdoid suture is usually patent over most or all of its length on skull X-rays and/or CT scans. Both lambdoid synostosis and deformational forces have been implicated as potentially causal in the pathogenesis of this deformity.

Occipital plagiocephaly: deformation or lambdoid synostosis? I. Morphometric analysis and results of unilateral lambdoid craniectomy.

Between 1987 and 1992, 30 infants aged 1.4-13 months (mean 7.3 months) underwent unilateral lambdoid strip craniectomy at the Children's Hospital of Buffalo for occipital plagiocephaly.

Pathophysiology of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. XVI: Elevated pulmonary collagen in the lamb model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

The pathophysiologic features of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) include pulmonary hypoplasia, pulmonary hypertension, surfactant deficiency, and decreased pulmonary compliance. When the surfactant deficiency is corrected using exogenous surfactant therapy, the pulmonary compliance improves, but does not reach normal values. Quasistatic saline pressure-volume measurements, which eliminate the air-liquid interface, confirm that CDH lungs are intrinsically less compliant than control lungs.

Long-term immunity to poliovirus in children immunized with live attenuated and enhanced-potency inactivated trivalent poliovirus vaccines.

Eighty-six children who completed immunization with the two trivalent poliovirus vaccines, live attenuated (OPV) and enhanced potency inactivated (EIPV), in one of four schedules (OPV-OPV-OPV, EIPV-EIPV-EIPV, EIPV-OPV-OPV, and EIPV-EIPV-OPV) at 1 year of age were monitored serologically over the subsequent 4 years and challenged with OPV at 5 years of age. Each of the immunization groups exhibited an initial 10- to 100-fold decline in neutralizing antibody to poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 during the first 2 years of follow-up; thereafter antibody titers stabilized. The EIPV-EIPV-OPV group maintained the highest antibody levels throughout the observation period, including the response to OPV challenge at 5 years of age.

The effects of retinoic acid on in vitro immunoglobulin synthesis by cord blood and adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Retinoic acid (RA) has attracted considerable attention as an agent with a broad range of physiologic and metabolic effects. The importance of RA in the susceptibility of vitamin A-deficient animals and humans to infection is well known. Initial studies from our laboratory showed that RA augmented the IgM response of cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC) at concentrations ranging from 10(-5) to 10(-8) M, but not adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), to formalinized Cowan I strain Staphylococcus aureus (SAC), a T-cell-dependent polyclonal B-cell activator.

Association of distal displacement of the left subclavian artery and coarctation of the aorta.

Previously noted but undocumented observation of distal displacement of the left subclavian artery in patients with discrete coarctation of the aorta was verified by an objective two-dimensional echocardiographic method in 28 patients with aortic coarctation and in 43 control subjects. Relative position of brachiocephalic arteries to one another was evaluated by the ratio of the distance between the left common carotid and the left subclavian artery to the distance between the innominate and the left common carotid artery. Large distance between the left common carotid and the left subclavian artery was reflected by high value of the derived ratio.

Natural history of hematuria associated with hypercalciuria in children.

Hypercalciuria (HCU) is frequently found during the evaluation of children with hematuria; the long-term implications of untreated HCU in children are uncertain. Since 1981, we have identified HCU (urinary calcium, greater than 0.1 mmol.

Pathophysiology of congenital diaphragmatic hernia: I. Renal enlargement suggests feedback modulation by pulmonary derived renotropins--a unifying hypothesis to explain pulmonary hypoplasia, polyhydramnios, and renal enlargement in the fetus/newborn with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Survival of newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is largely dependent on the severity of pulmonary hypoplasia (PH) present at birth. Intrathoracic compression by the herniated abdominal viscera is thought to be the primary factor involved in the pathogenesis of the PH in CDH. Humoral and/or amniotic pulmonary growth factors (PGF) have been hypothesized to play a role in normal fetal pulmonary development and may be involved in the pathogenesis of CDH as well.

Fatal varicella in a corticosteroid-dependent asthmatic receiving troleandomycin.

Long-term use of corticosteroids (CSs) may result in an increased risk of disseminated varicella. Concurrent administration of troleandomycin (Tao) to treat CS-dependent asthmatics can potentiate steroid effects. We present the first case of fatal varicella in a patient concurrently receiving methylprednisolone and Tao therapy.

Alterations in specific activity of lysosomal alpha-glucosidase in cystic fibrosis.

Cultured skin fibroblasts derived from patients with cystic fibrosis contain 2.1-fold more acid alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.

Thyroxine effect on exocrine pancreatic development in rats.

Thyroxine and glucocorticoids both play important roles in regulating the development of mammalian tissues. The mechanisms by which they modulate the developmental process is not fully understood. Furthermore, the interaction between the effects of two hormones on the pancreas has not been studied in detail.