Posttraumatic stress disorder in breast cancer patients following autologous bone marrow transplantation or conventional cancer treatments.

We assessed 17 women who had undergone autologous bone marrow transplants (BMT) for their breast cancer and 20 other women who had been treated for breast cancer (but not with BMT) by structured clinical interviews examining each stage of the breast cancer experience (e.g. initial diagnosis, initial treatment, recurrence of cancer (if applicable) and BMT (if applicable)) and at follow-up points; 3, 6 and 12 months (if applicable) posttreatment.

Use of health and human services by community-residing people with dementia.

This article reports on the use of and need for health and human services by community-residing people with dementia. Telephone interviews were conducted with a sample of 608 caregivers of such individuals who were randomly selected from a dementia registry. Caregivers reported using an average of 3.

A confirmatory factor analysis of posttraumatic stress symptoms.

Investigators have recently identified a two-factor structure underlying posttraumatic stress symptoms through the use of exploratory factor analysis. [Taylor et al. (1988).

Perfectionism, marital satisfaction, and contributing factors to sexual dysfunction in men with erectile disorder and their spouses.

The relationship among perfectionism, marital satisfaction, and male sexual functioning was examined. Thirty-two men with DSM-III-R erectile disorder participated. Of this group, 18 men had spouses who were able/willing to participate in their assessment.

A prospective examination of delayed onset PTSD secondary to motor vehicle accidents.

Seven participants who did not meet the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed., rev.; American Psychiatric Association, 1987) criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 1-4 months post- motor vehicle accident (MVA) and developed delayed onset PTSD during a 1-year follow-up interval were compared with 38 MVA controls who did not develop PTSD, as well as to 62 MVA participants who met criteria for acute onset PTSD on variables related to demographics, pre-MVA functioning, post-MVA functioning, and follow-up.

Psychophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder related to motor vehicle accidents: replication and extension.

Psychophysiological assessment data, including heart rate (HR), blood pressure, and frontal electromyogram (EMG) responses to mental arithmetic, idiosyncratic audiotape descriptions of motor vehicle accidents (MVAs), and a standard videotape of MVAs, were collected on 105 injured victims of recent MVAs and 54 non-MVA controls. Their data replicated data from an earlier report (Blanchard et al., 1994) and support the utility of HR response to the audiotaped description of the MVA as useful in distinguishing MVA victims with PTSD from those with subsyndromal PTSD and non-PTSD.

Long-term outcome in cognitive-behavioral treatment of panic disorder: clinical predictors and alternative strategies for assessment.

Long-term outcome (24-month follow-up; 24MFU) of cognitive-behavioral treatment was examined in 63 patients with panic disorder. When the traditional methods of cross-sectional assessment were used (e.g.

Diagnostic comorbidity in panic disorder: effect on treatment outcome and course of comorbid diagnoses following treatment.

The impact and course of additional diagnoses was examined in 126 patients undergoing cognitive-behavioral treatment for panic disorder. With the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule--Revised, a high comorbidity rate (51%) was observed at pretreatment. Pretreatment comorbidity was not predictive of premature termination, nor did it have a substantial impact on short-term treatment outcome.

The empirical basis of generalized anxiety disorder.

Objective: The authors review the empirical data on generalized anxiety disorder, a diagnostic category that has been among the more conceptually challenging in psychiatric nosology.

Method: Published studies and recent findings that were considered by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Subcommittee of the DSM-IV Anxiety Disorders Work Group are reviewed. Among the issues examined are diagnostic reliability, comorbidity, boundaries with other disorders, and clinical features.

Definitions of panic attacks and panic disorder in the DSM-IV: implications for research.

The authors review various definitions of panic and recent conceptual and empirical evidence that led to the revised definitions of panic in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Fourth Edition (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994). The DSM-IV definitions of panic are more precise and more empirically based than those contained in the DSM-III-R, but are designed primarily for clinicians rather than researchers.

The experimental induction of depersonalization and derealization in panic disorder and nonanxious subjects.

The present study evaluated the efficacy of three tasks in inducing depersonalization (DP) and derealization (DR) in three different groups: (a) panic disorder patients who report these symptoms while panicking (PD + DD; n = 10); (b) panic disorder patients never experiencing these symptoms during panic attacks (PD; n = 10); and (c) nonanxious controls (NC; n = 10). Clinical features of the PD+DD and PD Ss were compared as well. Relative to PD Ss, PD + DD Ss evidenced higher levels of depression, trait anxiety, more fear of panic, and had a briefer duration of their disorder.

Familial aggregation of panic in nonclinical panickers.

Despite several methodological difficulties inherent in the nonclinical panic literature, some researchers have highlighted the consistent finding that a greater proportion of panickers than nonpanickers report a history of panic in first-order relatives to be supportive of the validity of nonclinical panic research findings. However, in all of these studies, familial aggregation differences have been evaluated via panickers' and nonpanickers' self-reports of familial panic history. Given evidence that questionnaire assessment of panic results in substantial false positives (Brown & Cash, 1989, Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 3, 139-148), it was hypothesized that familial aggregation differences could be largely attributable to this phenomenon as well.

Long-term monitoring of psychosocial stress and symptomatology in inflammatory bowel disease.

Eleven subjects with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) participated in a longterm self-monitoring investigation of the relationship between psychosocial stress and IBD symptomatology. Two measurement instruments, the IBD Symptom Diary and the Psychosocial Stress Diary, were completed by each subject for 7 consecutive days each month for one year. Pooled time-series analysis of the influence of daily stress on IBD activity revealed a significant effect.

Psychometric properties of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire in a clinical anxiety disorders sample.

With the advent of DSM-III-R, the diagnostic criteria for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) shifted in emphasis from the autonomic arousal to the cognitive component of the disorder, namely worry. The Penn State Worry Questionnaire was developed to assess the trait of worry and has proven to be a reliable and valid measure in a series of studies largely based on college student samples. The purpose of the present study was to assess the psychometric properties and utility of the PSWQ in a clinical sample of 436 anxiety disorder patients and 32 normal controls.

The role of home practice in thermal biofeedback.

The role of regular home practice of hand warming was examined in the thermal biofeedback (TBF) treatment of vascular (migraine and mixed migraine and tension) headache (HA) by giving 12 sessions (over 6 weeks) of TBF to two groups of vascular HA patients (n = 23 per group). One group was asked to practice regularly at home with a home trainer between clinic sessions, whereas no mention of practice was made to the other group. A third group merely monitored HAs.

Psychological changes accompanying non-pharmacological treatment of chronic headache: the effects of outcome.

Several prior studies suggest that non-drug treatment for chronic headache is accompanied by concomitant reductions in patients' anxiety, depression and somatization. It is currently unclear, however, whether such beneficial side effects are a function of degree of headache relief or are due simply to receiving treatment. Most work to date in this area has treated outcome as a dichotomous variable.

Psychometric detection of fabricated symptoms of combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder: a systematic replication.

Vietnam veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (n = 11) and two other groups of Vietnam veterans (n = 24) instructed to fabricate symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder completed the MMPI. A discriminant function analysis that used scale F and the post-traumatic stress disorder subscale correctly classified 91% of the subjects. This systematic replication supports the utility of the MMPI as a component in evaluating the validity of self-reported symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in Vietnam veterans.

Civilian-related post-traumatic stress disorder: assessment-related issues.

The psychological characteristics of civilians (N = 26) with a post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were investigated in order to determine whether the assessment and diagnostic decision rules developed using the MMPI with combat-related PTSD apply to civilian-related PTSD. The results indicate that there are substantial differences between the two PTSD populations and that further research is warranted to delineate other qualitative and quantitative aspects.