"Many old people taking care of old people": Experiences of older adults after Hurricane María in Puerto Rico.

The Puerto Rican population has presented demographic changes resulting in a greater proportion of older adults than almost any other country in the world, with an estimated 28% of the total population being over 60 years of age. A key public health issue in Puerto Rico (PR) is older adults' mental health and wellbeing. Located in the Caribbean, PR is prone to natural hazards such as hurricanes, which are a known threat to older adults' overall health and wellbeing.

Intentions to Use PrEP Among a National Sample of Transgender and Gender-Expansive Youth and Emerging Adults: Examining Gender Minority Stress, Substance Use, and Gender Affirmation.

Transgender and gender-expansive young people, ages 13-24 years, experience disproportionate HIV risk yet are among those with the lowest US PrEP uptake rates (< 10%). Factors influencing PrEP outcomes for this population are poorly understood. This study examines the effects of gender minority stressors, gender affirmation, and heavy substance use on their PrEP outcomes using data from the CDC's 2018 START study (N = 972).

Removal of dissolved organic carbon in the West Pacific hadal zones.

The deep oceans are environments of complex carbon dynamics that have the potential to significantly impact the global carbon cycle. However, the role of hadal zones, particularly hadal trenches (water depth > 6 km), in the oceanic dissolved organic carbon (DOC) cycle is not thoroughly investigated. Here we report distinct DOC signatures in the Japan Trench bottom water.

Race and Ethnicity and Diffusion of Telemedicine in Medicaid for Schizophrenia Care After Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Importance: Delivery of mental health care through telehealth (telemental health care) increased after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Little is known about the speed of adoption (diffusion) of telemental health in the care in the care of individuals with schizophrenia.

Objectives: To characterize telemental health care diffusion in mental health agencies serving Medicaid beneficiaries with schizophrenia and the beneficiary-level association of telemental health care use with race and ethnicity.

Feasibility and acceptability of a mindfulness app-based intervention among patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a multinational study.

Background: Patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) experience emotional distress and limited supportive care access. This study assesses a mindfulness app's feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy in improving emotional symptoms, trait mindfulness, and overall quality of life for patients with mRCC on immunotherapy.

Methods: This multinational study recruited patients with mRCC undergoing immunotherapy from Brazil and the United States.

Stroke Prevention in Hispanic Children with Sickle Cell Anemia: the SACRED trial.

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is recognized globally, but little is known about affected Hispanic populations. In partnership with Dominican Republic, a Hispanic Caribbean Island with a large SCA population, a TCD screening program provided hydroxyurea to children with conditional velocities. Building local capacity, ten Dominican medical graduates were certified in TCD examinations and trained in hydroxyurea management.

Utilizing objective performance indicators to assess resident autonomy during robotic cholecystectomy.

Background: The current evaluation of surgical resident operative autonomy consists primarily of self-report and is prone to bias. Objective performance indicators (OPIs) generated from the da Vinci Surgical System capture objective intraoperative data providing an opportunity to evaluate the intraoperative resident experience more accurately. This study investigates the ability of OPIs to describe resident autonomy during robotic cholecystectomy.

CohortDiagnostics: Phenotype evaluation across a network of observational data sources using population-level characterization.

Objective: This paper introduces a novel framework for evaluating phenotype algorithms (PAs) using the open-source tool, Cohort Diagnostics.

Materials And Methods: The method is based on several diagnostic criteria to evaluate a patient cohort returned by a PA. Diagnostics include estimates of incidence rate, index date entry code breakdown, and prevalence of all observed clinical events prior to, on, and after index date.

Spontaneous slow cortical potentials and brain oscillations independently influence conscious visual perception.

Perceptual awareness results from an intricate interaction between external sensory input and the brain's spontaneous activity. Pre-stimulus ongoing activity influencing conscious perception includes both brain oscillations in the alpha (7 to 14 Hz) and beta (14 to 30 Hz) frequency ranges and aperiodic activity in the slow cortical potential (SCP, <5 Hz) range. However, whether brain oscillations and SCPs independently influence conscious perception or do so through shared mechanisms remains unknown.

Recommendations for mitochondria transfer and transplantation nomenclature and characterization.

Intercellular mitochondria transfer is an evolutionarily conserved process in which one cell delivers some of their mitochondria to another cell in the absence of cell division. This process has diverse functions depending on the cell types involved and physiological or disease context. Although mitochondria transfer was first shown to provide metabolic support to acceptor cells, recent studies have revealed diverse functions of mitochondria transfer, including, but not limited to, the maintenance of mitochondria quality of the donor cell and the regulation of tissue homeostasis and remodelling.

Effects of local mutations in quadratic iterations.

We introduce mutations in the process of discrete iterations of complex quadratic maps in the family fc(z)=z2+c. More specifically, we consider a "correct" function fc1 acting on the complex plane. A "mutation" fc0 is a different ("erroneous") map acting on a locus of given radius r around a mutation focal point ξ∗.

The FBXO45-GEF-H1 axis controls germinal center formation and B-cell lymphomagenesis.

The role of ubiquitin-mediated degradation mechanisms in the pathogenesis of diffuse large B cell (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL) is not completely understood. We show that conditional deletion of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Fbxo45 in germinal center B-cells results in B-cell lymphomagenesis in homozygous (100%) and heterozygous (48%) mice. Mechanistically, FBXO45 targets the RHO guanine exchange factor ARHGEF2/GEF-H1 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation.

Phase I study of adavosertib with radiation therapy and temozolomide in newly diagnosed glioblastoma and intratumoral drug levels in recurrent glioblastoma.

Purpose: Adavosertib is an oral small molecular inhibitor of Wee1. The Adult Brain Tumor Consortium performed a phase I study of adavosertib, radiation (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ) in newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) as well as a surgical window of opportunity study in recurrent GBM.

Patients And Methods: The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of adavosertib was determined in adult patients with newly diagnosed GBM using a standard 3+3 design in 2 separate cohorts: with concurrent RT/TMZ or with adjuvant TMZ.

Using a Theoretical Model to Assess the Impact of Vascular Risk Factors on Autoregulation in the Retina.

Purpose: Vascular impairments, including reduced capillary density (CD), impaired autoregulation capacity (Reg), and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), have been identified as significant contributors to glaucomatous disease. This study implemented a theoretical model to quantify the impact of these impairments on retinal blood flow and oxygenation as intraluminal pressure (Pa) is varied.

Methods: A theoretical model of the retinal vasculature was used to simulate reductions in CD by 10% (early glaucoma) and 30% to 50% (advanced glaucoma), a range in autoregulation capacity from 0% (totally impaired) to 100% (totally functional), and normal (15 mm Hg) and elevated (25 mm Hg) levels of IOP.

Mode of Delivery and Subsequent Motor Function in Children With Myelomeningocele Without In Utero Repair.

Objective: To assess the association between mode of delivery and 2-year motor function in children with prenatal diagnosis of myelomeningocele.

Methods: A multisite retrospective cohort study of children with myelomeningocele across 14 NAFTNet (North American Fetal Therapy Network) centers born between 2007 and 2020 who had a physical examination available at 2 years of life. Exclusion criteria were in utero myelomeningocele repair, postnatal myelomeningocele diagnosis, missing data on fetal presentation at delivery, and contraindications to labor.

Synthesis and characterization of isostructural annulated actinocenes.

An isostructural series of four annulated actinocene complexes, M(hdcCOT) (M = Th, U, Np, Pu), is reported. The syntheses proceed through a trivalent starting material when M = U, Np, Pu with subsequent oxidation or, in the case of M = Th, directly from ThCl(DME). X-ray crystallography shows that each actinocene has molecular point symmetry in the solid state, with the metal atoms symmetrically bonded to two 10π-aromatic [8]annulene dianion rings.

Improving reading competence in aphasia with combined aerobic exercise and phono-motor treatment: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Aphasia, a communication disorder caused primarily by left-hemisphere stroke, affects millions of individuals worldwide, with up to 70% experiencing significant reading impairments. These deficits negatively impact independence and quality of life, highlighting the need for effective treatments that target the cognitive and neural processes essential to reading recovery. This Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) aims to test the efficacy of a combined intervention incorporating aerobic exercise training (AET) and phono-motor treatment (PMT) to enhance reading recovery in individuals with post-stroke aphasia.

Universal parent-focused child sexual abuse prevention: A quasi-experimental protocol.

Background: Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a significant public health concern, and there is a lack of universal, evidence-based primary prevention interventions that extend beyond a focus solely on children. Parents remain a consistently underutilized target for primary prevention efforts aimed at mitigating CSA despite their unique relationship and close proximity to their children. CSA risk is not confined to any specific demographic, and its effects on affected children are well-documented, significantly impacting numerous dimensions of their wellbeing.

Psychological distress in adolescence and later economic and health outcomes in the United States population: A retrospective and modeling study.

Background: Federal policy impact analyses in the United States do not incorporate the potential economic benefits of adolescent mental health policies. Understanding the extent to which economic benefits may offset policy costs would support more effective policymaking. This study estimates the relationship between adolescent psychological distress and later health and economic outcomes and uses these estimates to determine the potential economic effects of a hypothetical policy.

Exploring mental health symptoms in elite athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis on sex differences.

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected elite athletes, leading to increased mental health issues such as stress, anxiety, and depression. Sex differences in mental health may exist among athletes during the COVID-19 crisis. This study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine sex differences in mental health symptoms among elite athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Masking is good, but conforming is better: The consequences of masking non-conformity within the college classroom.

In the years following the acute COVID-19 crisis, facemask mandates became increasingly rare, rendering masking a highly visible personal choice. Across three studies conducted in the U.S.

Chartering Patient Flights for Surgery in a Road Inaccessible Nation: The Samaritan's Purse Cleft Lip Missions Model in South Sudan.

Introduction: Few patients in South Sudan have access to cleft lip repair due to limitations in health care facilities, personnel and road infrastructure. Samaritan's Purse is a non-governmental organization that provides chartered flights from road inaccessible regions to a single central hospital in this nation's capital. This study's purpose was to describe the chartered flight model for conducting nationwide cleft lip mission trips.

Transformer-based neural speech decoding from surface and depth electrode signals.

This study investigates speech decoding from neural signals captured by intracranial electrodes. Most prior works can only work with electrodes on a 2D grid (i.e.

Preferences for HIV PrEP care among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men: a large discrete choice experiment.

Objective: We aimed to identify preferences for PrEP care among diverse gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (BLGBM) in the US with discrete choice experiment (DCE).

Design: We conducted two DCEs to elicit care delivery preferences for Starting and Continuing PrEP among 16-49 year-old HIV negative GBM not using PrEP from across the United States. DCEs assessed preferences for care options including location, formulation (pills, injectable), lab testing, and costs.

Development, validation, and usage of metrics to evaluate the quality of clinical research hypotheses.

Objectives: Metrics and instruments can provide guidance for clinical researchers to assess their potential research projects at an early stage before significant investment. Furthermore, metrics can also provide structured criteria for peer reviewers to assess others' clinical research manuscripts or grant proposals. This study aimed to develop, test, validate, and use evaluation metrics and instruments to accurately, consistently, systematically, and conveniently assess the quality of scientific hypotheses for clinical research projects.