Does training on the WHO package of essential noncommunicable (PEN) disease interventions enhance consultation quality? A real-world assessment of adherence to PEN protocol in primary health centres in the Republic of Moldova.

Background: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) pose a significant global health challenge. Primary health centres are pivotal in addressing this challenge by providing essential care to NCD patients. The WHO Package of Essential Noncommunicable (PEN) disease interventions has been designed to enhance the quality of NCD consultations and ensure adherence to the protocol.

The implication of next-generation sequencing in the diagnosis and clinical management of non-Hodgkin lymphomas.

Next generation sequencing (NGS) is a technology that broadens the horizon of knowledge of several somatic pathologies, especially in oncological and oncohematological pathology. In the case of NHL, the understanding of the mechanisms of tumorigenesis, tumor proliferation and the identification of genetic markers specific to different lymphoma subtypes led to more accurate classification and diagnosis. Similarly, the data obtained through NGS allowed the identification of recurrent somatic mutations that can serve as therapeutic targets that can be inhibited and thus reducing the rate of resistant cases.

The Role of Five-Membered Heterocycles in the Molecular Structure of Antibacterial Drugs Used in Therapy.

Five-membered heterocycles are essential structural components in various antibacterial drugs; the physicochemical properties of a five-membered heterocycle can play a crucial role in determining the biological activity of an antibacterial drug. These properties can affect the drug's activity spectrum, potency, and pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties. Using scientific databases, we identified and discussed the antibacterials used in therapy, containing five-membered heterocycles in their molecular structure.

Nutritional Approach in Selected Inherited Metabolic Cardiac Disorders-A Concise Summary of Available Scientific Evidence.

Inborn errors of metabolism (IMDs) are a group of inherited diseases that manifest themselves through a myriad of signs and symptoms, including structural or functional cardiovascular damage. The therapy of these diseases is currently based on enzyme-replacement therapy, chaperone therapy or the administration of supplements and the establishment of personalized dietary plans. Starting from the major signs identified by the pediatric cardiologist that can indicate the presence of such a metabolic disease-cardiomyopathies, conduction disorders or valvular dysplasias-we tried to paint the portrait of dietary interventions that can improve the course of patients with mitochondrial diseases or lysosomal abnormalities.

Unexpected Dramatic Evolution of Placenta Increta: Case Report and Literature Review.

Placental morbid adherence is a known risk factor for postpartum hemorrhage. The incidence of abnormal placental attachment has been increasing over the past few decades, mainly due to rising rates of cesarean deliveries, advanced maternal age, and the use of assisted reproductive technologies. Cesarean section is a significant risk factor for placenta increta, as it disrupts the normal architecture of the uterine wall, making it more difficult for the placenta to detach after delivery.

Management of hypertensive crisis in a patient with underlying kidney disease: A case report.

Rationale: This case report elucidates the management of a hypertensive crisis in a patient with underlying kidney disease, shedding light on the intricate interplay between these conditions. This unique case contributes valuable insights to the scientific literature.

Patient Concerns: The patient exhibited severe headache, visual disturbances, and chest pain.

Recognition of COVID-19 with occupational origin: a comparison between European countries.

Objectives: This study aims to present an overview of the formal recognition of COVID-19 as occupational disease (OD) or injury (OI) across Europe.

Methods: A COVID-19 questionnaire was designed by a task group within COST-funded OMEGA-NET and sent to occupational health experts of 37 countries in WHO European region, with a last update in April 2022.

Results: The questionnaire was filled out by experts from 35 countries.

Suboptimal Intake of Fruits and Vegetables in Nine Selected Countries of the World Health Organization European Region.

The objective of this study was to characterize fruit and vegetable consumption in 9 selected countries of the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region. We analyzed data on fruit and vegetable intake and participant sociodemographic characteristics for 30,455 adults in 9 Eastern European and Central Asian countries via standardized STEPS survey methodology. Fruit and vegetable consumption across all countries was suboptimal, with a high percentage of populations not meeting the WHO-recommended intake of at least 5 servings (400 g) per day.

Effect of Bioactive Compounds from Pumpkin Powder on the Quality and Textural Properties of Shortbread Cookies.

The problem of food with functional ingredients, characterized by low energy intake and a variety of phytonutrients with biological activity, is one of the concerns of the population. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of pumpkin powder and its bioactive components on the quality, color and textural properties of shortbread cookies. In the drying process of pumpkin powder () at 60 ± 2 °C, the physicochemical parameters did not change significantly in relation to fresh pulp.

Comprehensive review of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: Understanding pathophysiology, diagnostic strategies, and current treatment approaches.

ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) is a life-threatening medical emergency characterized by complete coronary artery occlusion, leading to myocardial ischemia and subsequent necrosis. Over the years, STEMI has remained a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of its pathophysiology, accurate diagnostic strategies, and effective treatment approaches. This review article aims to thoroughly analyze the current knowledge surrounding STEMI, emphasizing key aspects crucial for optimizing patient outcomes.

Atherosclerosis from Newborn to Adult-Epidemiology, Pathological Aspects, and Risk Factors.

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity throughout the world, accounting for 16.7 million deaths each year. The underlying pathological process for the majority of cardiovascular diseases is atherosclerosis, a slowly progressing, multifocal, chronic, immune-inflammatory disease that involves the intima of large and medium-sized arteries.

Clinical diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection: An observational study of respiratory tract infection in primary care in the early phase of the pandemic.

Background: Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, GPs had to distinguish SARS-CoV-2 from other aetiologies in patients presenting with respiratory tract infection (RTI) symptoms on clinical grounds and adapt management accordingly.

Objectives: To test the diagnostic accuracy of GPs' clinical diagnosis of a SARS-CoV-2 infection in a period when COVID-19 was a new disease. To describe GPs' management of patients presenting with RTI for whom no confirmed diagnosis was available.

Potential Conflicts of Interest Arising from Dualism of Loyalty Imposed on Employees of Medical Institutions-Findings and Tools for Ethics Management.

Doctors should have full loyalty to their patients, while patients should be able to trust that physicians will act only in their best interests. However, doctors may be faced with situations where they must choose between the patient's interests and those of a third party. This article presents the results of a study that aimed to identify situations of duality in the decision-making process of medical workers, which can compromise their ethical behavior.

Diagnostic Approaches to Adult-Type Diffuse Glial Tumors: Comparative Literature and Clinical Practice Study.

Gliomas are the most frequent intrinsic central nervous system tumors. The new 2021 WHO Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors brought significant changes into the classification of gliomas, that underline the role of molecular diagnostics, with the adult-type diffuse glial tumors now identified primarily by their biomarkers rather than histology. The status of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 or 2 describes tumors at their molecular level and together with the presence or absence of 1p/19q codeletion are the most important biomarkers used for the classification of adult-type diffuse glial tumors.

Cardiac myxomas: causes, presentations, diagnosis, and management.

Cardiac myxomas (CM) are one of the most common benign tumors which are typical in adults with a yearly incidence of 0.5-1 case per million individuals. This review article includes discussions based on existing literature on the role of interleukin interactions in the pathophysiology of cardiac myxoma which can lead to embolic complications, aneurysms, and CNS involvement.

European consensus statement on expert colposcopy.

Background: Following the publication of the European consensus statement on standards for essential colposcopy in 2020, the need for standards relating to more complex and challenging colposcopy practice was recognised. These standards relate to colposcopy undertaken in patients identified through cervical screening and tertiary referrals from colposcopists who undertake standard colposcopy only. This set of recommendations provides a review of the current literature and agreement on care for recognised complex cases.

Hepatitis C Elimination in Moldova Is Feasible and Cost-Saving: A Modeling Study.

Background: Moldova, an upper-middle-income country in Eastern Europe, is facing a high burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV). Our objective was to assist the National Agency of Public Health of Moldova in planning to achieve the World Health Organization's HCV elimination goals by 2030.

Methods: This study adapted a previously developed microsimulation model to simulate the HCV epidemic in Moldova from 2004 to 2050.

Study on the Quality, Relevance, and Comparability of YouTube Videos Expressing Stroke and Its Consequences From Various Sources.

Background and objective Stroke-related deaths have been one of the major causes of death worldwide due to its rising risk factors. As a result, several people rely on YouTube as a great source of information on stroke without knowing the genuineness of the content. This study aims to assess the quality and reliability of the information on stroke uploaded on the YouTube platform using the Global Quality score (GQS) and DISCERN score (DS), respectively.

Mode and site of action of therapies targeting CGRP signaling.

Targeting CGRP has proved to be efficacious, tolerable, and safe to treat migraine; however, many patients with migraine do not benefit from drugs that antagonize the CGRPergic system. Therefore, this review focuses on summarizing the general pharmacology of the different types of treatments currently available, which target directly or indirectly the CGRP receptor or its ligand. Moreover, the latest evidence regarding the selectivity and site of action of CGRP small molecule antagonists (gepants) and monoclonal antibodies is critically discussed.

Aspergillus-specific IgG antibodies for diagnosing chronic pulmonary aspergillosis compared to the reference standard.

Objectives: To evaluate the performance of Aspergillus-specific IgG antibodies for diagnosing chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) by using a cohort of patients with histologically proven CPA as a reference standard.

Methods: We collected Aspergillus-specific IgG antibody titres from patients with histologically proven CPA in collaboration with CPAnet study sites in Denmark, Germany, Belgium, India, Moldova, and Pakistan (N = 47). Additionally, sera from diseased and healthy controls were prospectively collected at the Medical Clinic of the Research Center, Borstel, Germany (n = 303).