Profile of antimicrobial use and potential use of the defined daily dose in neonatology.

One of the measures for monitoring microbial resistance is the calculation of the defined daily dose of antimicrobial agents. For this calculation, the weight of an adult of 70 kg is used as a standard, so that application in neonatology is not possible. The aim of this study is to describe the use profile and calculate the defined daily dose (DDD) of antimicrobials in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a public hospital in the interior of Bahia, Brazil.

The impact of primary health care on AIDS incidence and mortality: A cohort study of 3.4 million Brazilians.

Background: Primary Health Care (PHC) is essential for effective, efficient, and more equitable health systems for all people, including those living with HIV/AIDS. This study evaluated the impact of the exposure to one of the largest community-based PHC programs in the world, the Brazilian Family Health Strategy (FHS), on AIDS incidence and mortality.

Methods And Findings: A retrospective cohort study carried out in Brazil from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2015.

The intersecting effects of race, wealth, and education on AIDS incidence, mortality, and case-fatality rate: a Brazilian cohort study of 28.3 million individuals.

The relationships between race, education, wealth, their intersections and AIDS morbidity/mortality were analyzed in retrospective cohort of 28.3 million individuals followed for 9 years (2007-2015). Together with several sensitivity analyses, a wide range of interactions on additive and multiplicative scales were estimated.

Water strategy improves the inflorescence primordia formation of 'Arra 15' grapevine in the Brazilian semiarid region.

Failure in irrigation management of grapevines grown in the Brazilian semiarid region can affect bud fertility. Adequate irrigation, considering both the development of bunches in the current cycle and the formation of fertile buds for subsequent cycles, can bring significant advances to viticulture. Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigate the effect of different irrigation levels during flowering on the formation of buds and potential bunches of 'Arra 15' grapevine and its relationship with metabolic processes.

Income determines the impact of cash transfers on HIV/AIDS: cohort study of 22.7 million Brazilians.

Living with extremely low-income is an important risk factor for HIV/AIDS and can be mitigated by conditional cash transfers. Using a cohort of 22.7 million low-income individuals during 9 years, we evaluated the effects of the world's largest conditional cash transfer, the Programa Bolsa Família, on HIV/AIDS-related outcomes.

The effect of primary health care on AIDS incidence and mortality: a cohort study of 3.4 million Brazilians.

Background: Primary Health Care (PHC) is essential for the health and wellbeing of people living with HIV/AIDS. This study evaluated the effects of one of the largest community-based PHC programs in the world, the Brazilian Family Health Strategy (FHS), on AIDS incidence and mortality.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study carried out in Brazil, from January 1 2007 to December 31 2015.

Suspicious of Acute Kidney Graft Rejection: Tacrolimus Pharmacokinetics Under Methylprednisolone Therapy.

Background: Acute rejection remains one of the main complications in the first months after transplantation and may influence long-term outcomes. Tacrolimus has proven its usefulness in solid organ transplants and its monitoring through the application of pharmacokinetic concepts to optimize individual drug therapy.

Objective: This research proposes to evaluate the tacrolimus pharmacokinetic parameters in patients suspected of acute kidney graft rejection under methylprednisolone pulse therapy.

The effects of social determinants of health on acquired immune deficiency syndrome in a low-income population of Brazil: a retrospective cohort study of 28.3 million individuals.

Background: Social determinants of health (SDH) include factors such as income, education, and race, that could significantly affect the human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). Studies on the effects of SDH on HIV/AIDS are limited, and do not yet provide a systematic understanding of how the various SDH act on important indicators of HIV/AIDS progression. We aimed to evaluate the effects of SDH on AIDS morbidity and mortality.

Use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of patients with cancer and preexisting autoimmune disease: An integrative review.

Introduction: Checkpoint inhibitors (PCI) have reached an important place in the pharmaceutical market in the treatment of various types of cancer. However, due to immune-related adverse events (IRAE) to the treatment, patients with preexisting autoimmune diseases (PAD) are excluded from clinical studies, leading to a large gap in knowledge on this topic. This study aims to discuss the use of PCI in the patients with cancer and PAD by an integrative review.

Using discrete wavelet transform for optimizing COVID-19 new cases and deaths prediction worldwide with deep neural networks.

This work aims to compare deep learning models designed to predict daily number of cases and deaths caused by COVID-19 for 183 countries, using a daily basis time series, in addition to a feature augmentation strategy based on Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). The following deep learning architectures were compared using two different feature sets with and without DWT: (1) a homogeneous architecture containing multiple LSTM (Long-Short Term Memory) layers and (2) a hybrid architecture combining multiple CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) layers and multiple LSTM layers. Therefore, four deep learning models were evaluated: (1) LSTM, (2) CNN + LSTM, (3) DWT + LSTM and (4) DWT + CNN + LSTM.

Predictors of Hospital Readmission After Motor Vehicle Crash: Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Motor vehicle crash (MVC) is a major public health problem worldwide and contributes to a large burden of death, disability, and economic loss.

Objective: To identify the predictors of hospital readmission in victims of MVC within 1 year after discharge.

Methods: A prospective cohort study conducted with individuals who suffered MVC admitted to a regional hospital and who were followed up for 12 months after discharge.

Molecular Hybridization Strategy on the Design, Synthesis, and Structural Characterization of Ferrocene--acyl Hydrazones as Immunomodulatory Agents.

Immunomodulatory agents are widely used for the treatment of immune-mediated diseases, but the range of side effects of the available drugs makes necessary the search for new immunomodulatory drugs. Here, we investigated the immunomodulatory activity of new ferrocenyl-N-acyl hydrazones derivatives (SintMed(141−156). The evaluated N-acyl hydrazones did not show cytotoxicity at the tested concentrations, presenting CC50 values greater than 50 µM.

Association between burnout syndrome and obesity: A cross-sectional population-based study.

Background: Burnout Syndrome (BS) is a response of organism against long-lasting exposure to occupational stressors. Those affected usually have comorbidities, as well as cardiovascular and metabolic problems.

Objective: Estimating the association between BS and obesity in primary health care nurses of in the state of Bahia, Brazil.

Prevalence and Impact of Comorbidities in Individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review.

This study aimed to describe the prevalence of comorbidities associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and their relation with relevant outcomes. A systematic review based on the PRISMA methodology was performed from January 2020 until July 2021. The MEDLINE, Lilacs, and Scielo databases were searched to identify studies related to COPD and its comorbidities.

Comparison of the level of Fear of Death among Nursing and Pedagogy students.

Objective: To compare the level of Fear of Death among students of Nursing and Pedagogy courses.

Method: A cross-sectional study of a quantitative approach developed with university students from two courses, one around health sciences and the other around human sciences. A random sampling was adopted, calculations based on the principle of power analysis and the 95% confidence interval, and the cutoff point at 100 in relation to the overall score of the Collett-Lester Death Fear Scale for analysis of variables after the application of the Scale.

Therapeutic Applications of Physalins: Powerful Natural Weapons.

Physalins, or 16,24-cyclo-13,14-seco steroids, are compounds belonging to the class of withanolides that can be found in plants of Solanaceae family, mainly in species belonging to the genus spp., which are annual herbaceous plants widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Physalins are versatile molecules that act in several cell signaling pathways and activate different mechanisms of cell death or immunomodulation.

Interaction between Work and Metabolic Syndrome: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a clinical condition and a relevant risk factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases; it occurs as a result of lifestyle factors, e.g., work.

Clinical and prognostic aspects of patients with the Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) from a cohort in Northeast Brazil.

Introduction: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) is a rare inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) more frequent in women and Afro-descendants. No previous epidemiological or prognostic study has been conducted in the region of the state of Bahia, Brazilian Northeast.

Objective: To evaluate clinical and prognostic aspects in patients with NMOSD from a cohort in northeastern Brazil.

Anxiety and dyslipidemia among primary health care professionals: A Cross-sectional study.

Background: Cross-sectional studies point out important evidence between anxiety and dyslipdemic disorders in health workers.

Objective: Our main objective was to estimate the association between anxiety and dyslipidemia in Primary Health Care (PHC) nursing professionals in Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil.

Methods: A confirmatory cross-sectional study involving 376 PHC nursing professionals.

Structural Design, Synthesis and Antioxidant, Antileishmania, Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Activities of a Novel Quercetin Acetylated Derivative.

Quercetin (Q) is a bioflavonoid with biological potential; however, poor solubility in water, extensive enzymatic metabolism and a reduced bioavailability limit its biopharmacological use. The aim of this study was to perform structural modification in Q by acetylation, thus, obtaining the quercetin pentaacetate (Q5) analogue, in order to investigate the biological potentials (antioxidant, antileishmania, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxicity activities) in cell cultures. Q5 was characterized by FTIR, H and C NMR spectra.

The Prevalence of Abdominal Adiposity among Primary Health Care Physicians in Bahia, Brazil: An Epidemiological Study.

Background: Labor activities are demanding for workers and can induce occupational stress. Primary health care (PHC) workers have faced problems that can lead to the development of stress and abdominal obesity. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of abdominal adiposity among primary health care physicians in the metropolitan mesoregion of Salvador, Bahia.

Effectiveness of the use of Low Molecular Heparin in patients with repetition abortion history: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of using low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in women with a history of recurrent abortion without an identified cause.

Methods: To develop a systematic review to select the studies. Total found 437 papers.

PRENACEL partner - use of short message service (SMS) to encourage male involvement in prenatal care: a cluster randomized trial.

Background: The partner has an important role when he participates of the prenatal care as showed in the positive results relate to the mother and the child health. For this reason it is an important strategy to bring future fathers closer to health services and to improve their link with paternity.

Aim: To evaluate whether the implementation of SMS technology, through the PRENACEL program for the partner as a health education program, is a useful supplement to the standard prenatal monitoring.

Relationship of Body Composition and Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Cross-Sectional Case-Control Study.

Objective: To describe the profile of segmental body composition through the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method in continent and incontinent women and analyze the association between overweight/obesity and urinary incontinence (UI).

Methods: This was a cross-sectional case-control study that included women aged between 20 and 65 years, who were not pregnant, were outside of their menstrual period, without neurological, psychiatric, orthopedic, or cardiac comorbidities. The presence of UI was verified using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form.