Assessing Gaps in Integrated HIV and STI Testing Among New York State-Funded Providers by Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Status: Implications for Status-Neutral Programming.

Background: In the United States, up to 75% of primary care patients go untested for HIV each year, and nearly two-thirds of adults report never having been tested for HIV. Integrated HIV and STI testing, combining these tests into a single visit, is recommended as a status neutral approach to prevention.

Setting: Over 200 New York State Department of Health-funded primary care clinics, hospitals, health centers and community-based organizations funded to conduct integrated screening.

Examining within-person associations between alcohol and cannabis use and hooking up among adolescents and young adults in the United States.

Objective: This study examined daily associations between alcohol use, cannabis use, and simultaneous alcohol and cannabis/marijuana (SAM) use with the likelihood of hooking up (uncommitted sexual encounter that may or may not include intercourse).

Method: We used a longitudinal measurement burst ecological momentary assessment (EMA) design with 3-week EMA bursts with daily measurements repeated quarterly across 12 months. 1,009 (57 % female, Mean age = 20.

Development of a Mission-Driven Research Agenda to Support Efforts to End Epidemics.

Context: New York State continues efforts to end the AIDS and hepatitis C epidemics and reduce new infections of sexually transmitted infections.

Program: In 2022, the New York State Department of Health AIDS Institute released its first-ever Research Agenda. This Research Agenda was systematically developed following input from internal and external research and community stakeholders.

Carbon Capture Membranes Based on Amorphous Polyether Nanofilms Enabled by Thickness Confinement and Interfacial Engineering.

Thin-film composite membranes are a leading technology for post-combustion carbon capture, and the key challenge is to fabricate defect-free selective nanofilms as thin as possible (100 nm or below) with superior CO/N separation performance. Herein, we developed high-performance membranes based on an unusual choice of semi-crystalline blends of amorphous poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and 18-crown-6 (C6) using two nanoengineering strategies. First, the crystallinity of the nanofilms decreases with decreasing thickness and completely disappears at 500 nm or below because of the thickness confinement.

Intergenerational Consequences of Maternal Childhood Maltreatment on Infant Health Concerns.

Introduction: Childhood maltreatment is a well-established risk factor for health problems in adulthood and may also have intergenerational consequences for infant health. Childhood maltreatment may confer risk for infant health by undermining caregiver capacities for sensitive and responsive caregiving. However, associations among childhood maltreatment, maternal sensitivity, and infant health are not well understood.

COVID-19 Vaccination and Hospitalization Among Persons Living With Diagnosed HIV in New York State.

Background: Persons living with diagnosed HIV (PLWDH) have higher COVID-19 diagnoses rates and poorer COVID-19-related outcomes than persons living without diagnosed HIV. The intersection of COVID-19 vaccination status and likelihood of severe COVID-19 outcomes has not been fully investigated for PLWDH.

Setting: New York State (NYS).

Polysubstance use among young adults and differences in negative alcohol-related sexual experiences.

This study aimed to compare negative alcohol-related sexual experiences among individuals who used (1) alcohol only, (2) alcohol plus marijuana, and (3) alcohol plus marijuana and stimulants. Participants in the analytic sample (N = 1,015; Mean age = 19.16 (SD = 0.

SuperMAP: Deep ultrafast MR relaxometry with joint spatiotemporal undersampling.

Purpose: To develop an ultrafast and robust MR parameter mapping network using deep learning.

Theory And Methods: We design a deep learning framework called SuperMAP that directly converts a series of undersampled (both in k-space and parameter-space) parameter-weighted images into several quantitative maps, bypassing the conventional exponential fitting procedure. We also present a novel technique to simultaneously reconstruct T1rho and T2 relaxation maps within a single scan.

Differential Contributions of Parental Warmth and Mindfulness to Child Executive Function and Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes Management.

Objective: Positive parenting (e.g., parental warmth, mindful parenting) has been posited to promote effective pediatric type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) management.

Alcohol binge drinking decreases brain glucose metabolism and functional connectivity in adolescent rats.

Alcohol misuse represents a serious health concern, especially during adolescence, with approximately 18% of high school students engaging in binge drinking. Despite widespread misuse of alcohol, its effects on how the brain functions is not fully understood. This study utilized a binge drinking model in adolescent rats to examine effects on brain function as measured by brain glucose metabolism (BGluM).

Discrimination and depressive symptoms among Black and Asian American college students: Shared and group-specific processes of self-concept.

Objectives: Black and Asian American emerging adults are at higher risk of experiencing racial/ethnic discrimination and related distress. Racial/ethnic discrimination may increase vulnerability for depressive symptoms by diminishing individuals' positive self-concept. While low global self-esteem has been noted as a crucial process linking discrimination and depressive symptoms, it is unclear if it plays a unique role beyond other relevant aspects of one's self-concept: racial/ethnic private regard and centrality.

Youth Temperament Moderates Associations Between Parental Involvement and Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes Treatment Outcome.

Objective: Both youth self-regulation and quality of parental involvement have been associated with blood glucose levels (HbA1c) of youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, it is unclear whether and how youth and parental factors interact in their relation to youth HbA1c. The differential susceptibility hypothesis proposes that youth with high negative affectivity (NA) and low effortful control (EC) may be more susceptible to the deleterious impact of lower quality parenting behaviors but also reap greater benefit from higher quality parenting behaviors.

Sudden death caused by ruptured brain arteriovenous malformation in an adolescent with autism spectrum disorder.

Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) are infrequent disorders in the pediatric population. The rupture of a bAVM is a clinical emergency often followed by death. Autism spectrum disorder shares a number of symptoms with AVM malformation; this may impede antemortem diagnosis.

The long-term interaction of diet and dopamine D2 gene expression on brain microglial activation.

Dopamine D2 receptors are expressed on microglial in the central nervous system and promote anti-inflammatory responses. Little work has been done on the interaction between the dopamine D2 receptors and diet on activated microglial expression in the brain. To assess this, the current study uses in vitro autoradiography to look at microglial activation in the brain as a marker for neuroinflammation.

The Effect of Antiretroviral Therapy for the Treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 in Pregnancy on Gestational Weight Gain.

Background: Gestational weight gain above Institute of Medicine recommendations is associated with increased risk of pregnancy complications. The goal was to analyze the association between newer HIV antiretroviral regimens (ART) on gestational weight gain.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of pregnant women with HIV-1 on ART.

SuperDTI: Ultrafast DTI and fiber tractography with deep learning.

Purpose: To develop a deep learning-based reconstruction framework for ultrafast and robust diffusion tensor imaging and fiber tractography.

Methods: SuperDTI was developed to learn the nonlinear relationship between DWIs and the corresponding diffusion tensor parameter maps. It bypasses the tensor fitting procedure, which is highly susceptible to noises and motions in DWIs.

A high-fat diet, but not haloperidol or olanzapine administration, increases activated microglial expression in the rat brain.

This study examined the effects of chronic treatment of the antipsychotic drugs, haloperidol and olanzapine, on microglial activation in the brain. In addition, we explored the interaction of these antipsychotic drugs with normal and high-fat diet. In order to measure activated microglial expression, we used [H] PK11195 in vitro autoradiography.

Race, gender, and power in Asian American interracial marriages.

This study explores whether the perceived decision-making power between partners in married and cohabitating unions varies by the composition of race and gender of the couple, using three types of interracial/intraracial couplings involving Asian Americans. Although interracial unions have dramatically increased and symbolized racial integration in the United States, the association between racial/gender make-up in couples and perceived spousal power dynamics has received less attention. Using multinomial logistic regressions on data from the National Latino and Asian American Survey (NLAAS), the present study revealed that Asian men partnering with White women perceive less male-dominant, more egalitarian decision-making power than Asian men partnering with Asian women.

Geographically weighted machine learning model for untangling spatial heterogeneity of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) prevalence in the USA.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) prevalence in the United States varies substantially across spatial and temporal scales, attributable to variations of socioeconomic and lifestyle risk factors. Understanding these variations in risk factors contributions to T2D would be of great benefit to intervention and treatment approaches to reduce or prevent T2D. Geographically-weighted random forest (GW-RF), a tree-based non-parametric machine learning model, may help explore and visualize the relationships between T2D and risk factors at the county-level.

SAXS studies of X-ray induced disulfide bond damage: Engineering high-resolution insight from a low-resolution technique.

A significant problem in biological X-ray crystallography is the radiation chemistry caused by the incident X-ray beam. This produces both global and site-specific damage. Site specific damage can misdirect the biological interpretation of the structural models produced.

A Survey of Applicant Views Regarding the Neurosurgical Fellowship Application Process.

Objective: The process of fellowship selection remains unclear and heterogeneous among subspecialties in neurosurgery. We surveyed neurosurgical residents applying for subspecialty fellowships about their experiences to evaluate the process and find areas for improvement.

Methods: We distributed an online, nationwide survey to 153 U.

Acceleration of three-dimensional diffusion magnetic resonance imaging using a kernel low-rank compressed sensing method.

Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI) has shown great potential in probing tissue microstructure and structural connectivity in the brain but is often limited by the lengthy scan time needed to sample the diffusion profile by acquiring multiple diffusion weighted images (DWIs). Although parallel imaging technique has improved the speed of dMRI acquisition, attaining high resolution three dimensional (3D) dMRI on preclinical MRI systems remained still time consuming. In this paper, kernel principal component analysis, a machine learning approach, was employed to estimate the correlation among DWIs.

Examining Lung Cancer Screening Behaviors in the Primary Care Setting: A Mixed Methods Approach.

While the National Lung Screening Trials (NLST) demonstrated the efficacy of low dose chest computed tomography (LDCT) for lung cancer early detection, utilization of LDCT remains suboptimal. The purpose of this formative study was to understand attitudes and beliefs among primary care clinicians regarding LDCT lung cancer screening as well as to assess gaps in knowledge to identify opportunities for reinforcing personalized lung cancer screening that is accessible and evidence-based. A 20-item closed and open-ended interview was conducted with a targeted group of primary care clinicians (38 respondents; 33 physicians and 5 NPs/PAs).