Prevalence of major depressive disorder in 51,658 otherwise healthy adult Danes: Sex differences in symptomatology and prediction of future anti-depressive medication.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous disease, which displays sex differences in symptomatology. This study aimed to assess point prevalence of MDD in undiagnosed, healthy adults as well as sex differences in symptomatology and clarify if specific symptoms increased the later need for anti-depressive medication. The study included 51,658 blood donors.

Checkpoint CD47 expression in classical Hodgkin lymphoma.

The glycoprotein CD47 regulates antiphagocytic activity via signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPa). This study investigated CD47 expression on Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells in the classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) tumour microenvironment and its correlation with prognosis, programmed-death (PD) immune markers, and SIRPa leukocytes. We conducted immunohistochemistry with CD47 and SIRPa antibodies on diagnostic biopsies (tissue microarrays) from cHL patients from two cohorts (n = 178).

Hyperhidrosis and human leucocyte antigens in the Danish Blood Donor Study.

Familial clustering of the skin disease primary hyperhidrosis suggests a genetic component to the disease. The human leucocyte antigen (HLA) is implicated in a range of diseases, including many comorbidities to hyperhidrosis. No study has investigated whether the HLA genes are involved in the pathogenesis of hyperhidrosis.

Effect of donor-specific blood transfusions on allotransplanted teeth in a monkey model: Histoquantification of periodontal healing.

Background/aims: Pre-transplant blood transfusions have previously shown a positive effect on organ allograft survival in humans and various animal species. The aims of this study were, first, to evaluate the effect of pre-transplant donor-specific blood transfusions on periodontal healing of fully developed allotransplanted teeth in monkeys; and second, to investigate the immune response against donor antigens and to determine a possible correlation between alloimmune reactions and histopathological signs of rejection.

Material And Methods: Twenty monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) were divided into ten pairs with similar sizes of incisors.

Haemophilus influenzae one day in Denmark: prevalence, circulating clones, and dismal resistance to aminopenicillins.

Haemophilus influenzae is a common cause of mucosal infections that warrants accurate surveillance. We aimed to assess the prevalence of the species in clinical specimens, and characterise population structure and resistance to aminopenicillins by whole genome sequencing.We assessed the point prevalence by entering the database records of 1 day in Denmark and examined the genome sequences of nationwide, collected isolates from the same day.

Endogenous Testosterone Levels Are Associated with Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Women without Established Comorbidity.

Purpose: The impact of endogenous androgen levels on the risk of type 2 diabetes in women remains uncertain. The objective was to investigate associations between endogenous androgen levels and risk of type 2 diabetes in young women without established comorbidity.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, women aged 18 to 50 years who underwent measurement of plasma testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) for the first time from January 2007 to December 2015 were included.

Tuberculosis among Patients Undergoing Solid Organ Transplantation or Dialysis in a Low-Endemic Country, 2004-2017.

Background: The risk of active TB among solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients and patients initiating chronic dialysis in a country with low incidence of TB is not well elucidated.

Methods: Patients aged >18 years who were transplanted with a solid organ or initiated chronic dialysis at Copenhagen University Hospital in the period 2004-2017 were followed from date of transplantation or initiation of dialysis. Data on demographics and outcomes were obtained from nationwide registries.

Maternal Infection in Pregnancy and Childhood Leukemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: To summarize the published evidence regarding the association between maternal infection during pregnancy and childhood leukemia.

Study Design: In this systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO number, CRD42018087289), we searched PubMed and Embase to identify relevant studies. We included human studies that reported associations of at least one measure of maternal infection during pregnancy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or all childhood leukemias in the offspring.

Biochemical Markers, Genotype, and Inflammation in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Danish Population-Based Study.

Background: Our aim was to characterize the biochemical markers at diagnosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), to assess the utility of these to predict disease course and investigate if genotype influences biochemical markers of inflammation.

Summary: Patients were included from a population-based pediatric IBD cohort from Eastern Denmark. Data on biochemical markers and medical as well as surgical treatment were registered at diagnosis, 30 days, 6 and 12 months after diagnosis.

Associations between maternal physical activity in early and late pregnancy and offspring birth size: remote federated individual level meta-analysis from eight cohort studies.

Objective: Evidence on the impact of leisure time physical activity (LTPA) in pregnancy on birth size is inconsistent. We aimed to examine the association between LTPA during early and late pregnancy and newborn anthropometric outcomes.

Design: Individual level meta-analysis, which reduces heterogeneity across studies.

The effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on incidence and microbiology associated with complicated acute otitis media.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to investigate the incidence of complicated acute otitis media (cAOM) as well as the associated microbiology before and after introduction of the 7- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV-7 and -13), respectively. CAOM comprises "heavy" AOM (AOM demanding hospitalization), mastodismus (M) and acute mastoiditis (AM).

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of the incidence and microbiology associated with cAOM during the non-PCV era, the PCV-7 and 13 eras, respectively.

The effect of obesity on early fetal growth and pregnancy duration: a cohort study.

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of maternal obesity on fetal size in first- and second-trimester pregnancies and to determine duration of pregnancy as estimated by a variety of methods.

Methods: Between 2006 and 2011, a cohort study included (n = 9055) singleton pregnancies that resulted in live birth at Holbaek Hospital in Denmark. This study recorded first- and second-trimester fetal measurements and maternal anthropometry.

Towards clinical development of a Pfs48/45-based transmission blocking malaria vaccine.

Malaria is a devastating vector-borne disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite, resulting in almost 0.5 million casualties per year. The parasite has a complex life-cycle that includes asexual replication in human red blood cells, causing symptomatic malaria, and sexual stages which are essential for the transmission to the mosquito vector.

Diagnosing gestational diabetes mellitus in the Danish National Birth Cohort.

Introduction: The Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) contains comprehensive information on diet, lifestyle, constitutional and other major characteristics of women during pregnancy. It provides a unique source for studies on health consequences of gestational diabetes mellitus. Our aim was to identify and validate the gestational diabetes mellitus cases in the cohort.

Incidence of, phenotypes of and survival from small bowel cancer in Denmark, 1994-2010: a population-based study.

Background: Small bowel cancer (SBC) is a rare and highly heterogeneous disease in respect to both anatomical distribution and histological morphology. We aimed to conduct a Danish nationwide population-based cohort study of the incidence of, phenotypes of, stage of, synchronous/metachronous cancer occurrence of and survival from SBC during 1994-2010.

Methods: The study population included all individuals aged 16 years or older living in Denmark during 1994-2010 (n = 7,070,142).

Dating of Pregnancy in First versus Second Trimester in Relation to Post-Term Birth Rate: A Cohort Study.

Objectives: To evaluate in a national standardised setting whether the performance of ultrasound dating during the first rather than the second trimester of pregnancy had consequences regarding the definition of pre- and post-term birth rates.

Methods: A cohort study of 8,551 singleton pregnancies with spontaneous delivery was performed from 2006 to 2012 at Copenhagen University Hospital, Holbæk, Denmark. We determined the duration of pregnancy calculated by last menstrual period, crown rump length (CRL), biparietal diameter (1st trimester), BPD (2nd trimester), and head circumference and compared mean and median durations, the mean differences, the systematic discrepancies, and the percentages of pre-term and post-term pregnancies in relation to each method.

The Danish National Patient Registry: a review of content, data quality, and research potential.

Background: The Danish National Patient Registry (DNPR) is one of the world's oldest nationwide hospital registries and is used extensively for research. Many studies have validated algorithms for identifying health events in the DNPR, but the reports are fragmented and no overview exists.

Objectives: To review the content, data quality, and research potential of the DNPR.

Risk stratification and detection of new colorectal neoplasms after colorectal cancer screening with faecal occult blood test: experiences from a Danish screening cohort.

Background: Limited data exist on adenoma surveillance as recommended in the European guidelines for quality assurance in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening and diagnosis after faecal occult blood test (FOBT) screening.

Objective: To assess the European guidelines for adenoma surveillance after CRC screening with FOBT.

Materials And Methods: This was a population-based cohort-study of 176 782 Danish individuals aged 50-74 years invited for CRC screening in 2005-2006.

T cells detect intracellular DNA but fail to induce type I IFN responses: implications for restriction of HIV replication.

HIV infects key cell types of the immune system, most notably macrophages and CD4+ T cells. Whereas macrophages represent an important viral reservoir, activated CD4+ T cells are the most permissive cell types supporting high levels of viral replication. In recent years, it has been appreciated that the innate immune system plays an important role in controlling HIV replication, e.

Genetic susceptibility and genotype-phenotype association in 588 Danish children with inflammatory bowel disease.

Aim: To investigate the association between known inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-associated genetic variants and development of paediatric IBD, and specific clinical sub-phenotypes.

Material And Methods: In this case-control study we included IBD patients <18 years of age at diagnosis from the Danish National Patient Registry and healthy children <18 years of age were randomly selected from the Danish Central Office of Civil Registration. The latter had filled out a questionnaire regarding health status, and DNA was obtained from blood samples and the buccal mucosa.

A synthetic TLR4 agonist formulated in an emulsion enhances humoral and Type 1 cellular immune responses against GMZ2--a GLURP-MSP3 fusion protein malaria vaccine candidate.

GMZ2 adjuvanted by aluminum hydroxide is a candidate malaria vaccine that has successfully passed phase 1 clinical testing in adult German and Gabonese volunteers and Gabonese children under five. Here we report a preclinical study screening a series of adjuvant vehicles and Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists in CB6F1 mice to identify an improved formulation of GMZ2 suitable for further human clinical studies. GMZ2 formulated in an oil-in-water emulsion plus the synthetic TLR4 agonist GLA elicits the highest (a) vaccine-specific IgG2a and total IgG titers, (b) parasite-specific IFA titers, (c) levels of Type 1 cytokine responses (IFN-γ), and (d) number of long-lived-plasma cells (LLPC) secreting antibodies against both the GMZ2 fusion and its two components.

Characterization of HIV-1 from patients with virological failure to a boosted protease inhibitor regimen.

The use of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) regimens with unboosted protease inhibitors (PIs) has resulted in a high level of virological failure primarily due to the development of resistant virus. Current boosted PI regimens combine successfully low-dose ritonavir (r) with a second PI. The aim of the study was to estimate the proportion of patients, in a population based setting, who develop virological failure on a PI/r regimen.