Influence of a Passive Tilt Test on the Proteomic Composition of the Blood of Healthy Humans.

In order to identify changes in the blood proteome of healthy volunteers after passive tilt test carried out on day 19 of head-down bed rest, a chromato-mass-spectrometric analysis of samples of dried blood spots was carried out. It was revealed that the body's response to the tilt test was characterized by a decrease in the level of HDL and kininogen-1. After the tilt test, we observed an increase in the level of vimentin, vitamin K-dependent protein C, Wnt signaling pathway proteins, proteins involved in autophagy and adaptive immune response, focal adhesion proteins, vascular damage marker S100A8, PEDF regulator, and some proteins of the heart: cardiac actin ACTC1 and transcription factor GATA4.

Endothelial dysfunction markers and immune response indices in cosmonauts' blood after long-duration space flights.

Space flight factors are known to cause a malfunction in the human immune system and lead to damage to blood vessels. The hemostatic function of endothelium during space missions and its interaction with human immunity has not been determined so far. In this work, we investigated the markers of endothelial activation and damage (plasma concentrations of soluble thrombomodulin fraction (sTM), von Willebrand factor (vWF), highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)), as well as the level of D-dimer and compared them to the immunological parameters characterizing the state of human humoral and cellular immunity.

Contra-insular effect of calcitonin on glucose metabolism.

We studied the effects of Russian preparation of porcine calcitonin (Calcitrinum, 1 U/100 g) on the level of glucose and total calcium, glycogen concentration in the liver, and glucose consumption by the muscle and adipose tissues in vivo and in vitro. The basal level of insulin and secretion of insulin in the dynamics of glucose tolerance test were studied after treatment with calcitonin. In addition to hypocalcemic effect, this substance produced significant hyperglycemic effects, decreased glycogen amount in the liver, inhibited insulin-induced glucose consumption by muscular and adipose tissues in vivo and in vitro, slowed down insulin secretion during glucose load, and impaired glucose tolerance.

Application of 2-DE for studying the variation of blood proteome.

2D electrophoresis (2-DE) is still a widely used proteomic method despite the availability of high-throughput approaches for protein identification. However, a literature survey only revealed a relatively small number of 2-DE-based studies of human blood proteome. We critically reviewed comparative 2-DE-based proteomic studies, in which groups of patients under examination involved more than ten individuals.