Construction of an Integration Vector with a Chimeric Signal Peptide for the Expression of Monoclonal Antibodies in Mammalian Cells.

Antibodies are complex protein structures, and producing them using eukaryotic expression systems presents significant challenges. One frequently overlooked aspect of expression vectors is the nucleotide sequence encoding the signal peptide, which plays a pivotal role in facilitating the secretion of recombinant proteins. This study presents the development of an integrative vector, pVEAL3, for expressing full-length recombinant monoclonal antibodies in mammalian cells.

The Effects of the Combined Co-Expression of GroEL/ES and Trigger Factor Chaperones on Orthopoxvirus Phospholipase F13 Production in .

Heterologous protein expression often faces significant challenges, particularly when the target protein has posttranslational modifications, is toxic, or is prone to misfolding. These issues can result in low expression levels, aggregation, or even cell death. Such problems are exemplified by the expression of phospholipase p37, a critical target for chemotherapeutic drugs against pathogenic human orthopoxviruses, including monkeypox and smallpox viruses.

The concept of natural genome reconstruction.Part 1. Basic provisions of the "natural genome reconstruction" concept. Changing the genome of hematopoietic stem cells using several natural cellular mechanisms that are inherent in the hematopoietic cell and determine its biological status as "the source of the body's reparative potential".

We present a series of articles proving the existence of a previously unknown mechanism of interaction between hematopoietic stem cells and extracellular double-stranded DNA (and, in particular, double-stranded DNA of the peripheral bloodstream), which explains the possibility of emergence and fixation of genetic information contained in double-stranded DNA of extracellular origin in hematopoietic stem cells. The concept of the possibility of stochastic or targeted changes in the genome of hematopoietic stem cells is formulated based on the discovery of new, previously unknown biological properties of poorly differentiated hematopoietic precursors. The main provisions of the concept are as follows.

Azolopyrimidine-Based Thioethers: Synthesis via Cross-Dehydrogenative C-S Coupling and In Silico Evaluation of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity.

Azoloazine derivatives are known as promising small molecules that are potentially able to counteract a broad spectrum of RNA viruses including SARS-CoV-2. However, a pool of synthetic pathways to provide convenient structural modification of such compounds without de novo construction of the heterocyclic scaffold is rather limited so far. This work proposes an approach to the direct C(sp)-H functionalization of azolopyrimidine substrates with aromatic thiol residues, mediated by the iodine/persulfate reagent system.

Attrition in serum anti-DENV antibodies correlates with high anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels and low DENV positivity in mosquito vectors-Findings from a state-wide cluster-randomized community-based study in Tamil Nadu, India.

The decline in dengue incidence and/or prevalence during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-22) appears to be attributed to reduced treatment-seeking rates, under-reporting, misdiagnosis, disrupted health services and reduced exposure to mosquito vectors due to prevailing lockdowns. There is limited scientific data on dengue virus (DENV) disease during the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we conducted a community-based, cross-sectional, cluster-randomized survey to assess anti-DENV and anti-SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence, and also estimated the spatial distribution of DENV-positive aedine mosquito vectors during the COVID-19 pandemic across all the 38 districts of Tamil Nadu, India.

Selection Pressure Profile Suggests Species Criteria among Tick-Borne Orthoflaviviruses.

Orthoflaviviruses are arthropod-borne viruses that are transmitted by mosquitoes or ticks and cause a range of significant human diseases. Among the most important tick-borne orthoflaviviruses (TBFVs) is tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), which is endemic in Eurasia, and Powassan virus, which is endemic in Asia and North America. There is a significant controversy regarding species assignment in the tick-borne encephalitis virus complex due to the complex phylogenetic, serological, ecological, and pathogenetic properties of viruses.

Three-Year Monitoring of Microorganisms' Composition and Concentration in Atmospheric Aerosols of Novosibirsk City and Suburbs.

The atmospheric environment is formed under the influence of local and distant sources as a result of horizontal and vertical transport. In the present work, microbiological analysis of 604 samples of atmospheric aerosol collected in the period from September 2020 to September 2023 at four sites differing in anthropogenic load, located in Novosibirsk and the region, was carried out. Day and night aerosol samples were collected during 12 h every two weeks by filtration using Sartorius reinforced Teflon membranes, then sown on a set of nutrient media.

Production of GcMAF with Anti-Inflammatory Properties and Its Effect on Models of Induced Arthritis in Mice and Cystitis in Rats.

Vitamin D transporter (DBP) is a multifunctional protein. Site-specific deglycosylation results in its conversion to group-specific component protein-derived macrophage activating factor (GcMAF), which is capable of activating macrophages. It has been shown that depending on precursor conversion conditions, the resulting GcMAF activates mouse peritoneal macrophages towards synthesis of either pro- (IL-1β, TNF-α-M1 phenotype) or anti-inflammatory (TGF-β, IL-10-M2 phenotype) cytokines.

Novel SOI-Biosensor Topology for the Detection of an Acute Myocardial Infarction Marker - Troponin I.

Unlabelled: A biosensor based on field-effect transistors on silicon-on-insulator structures (SOI-biosensor) is a high-potential device for detection of biological molecules, for instance, such as troponin I; the biosensor allows conducting label-free real-time analysis. is the development of SOI-biosensor design for detection of acute myocardial infarction marker - troponin I. A notable feature of this design was the integration of two grounding electrodes directly onto the biosensor surface, which effectively nullified the static potential of the liquid sample and minimized physical breakdowns of biosensor elements.

Phage Display Revealed the Complex Structure of the Epitope of the Monoclonal Antibody 10H10.

The annual number of reported human cases of flavivirus infections continues to increase. Measures taken by local healthcare systems and international organizations are not fully successful. In this regard, new approaches to treatment and prevention of flavivirus infections are relevant.

Characterizing a lethal CAG-ACE2 transgenic mouse model for SARS-CoV-2 infection using Cas9-enhanced nanopore sequencing.

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has underscored the necessity for functional transgenic animal models for testing. Mouse lines with overexpression of the human receptor ACE2 serve as the common animal model to study COVID-19 infection. Overexpression of ACE2 under a strong ubiquitous promoter facilitates convenient and sensitive testing of COVID-19 pathology.

An hepatitis B and D virus infection model using human pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes.

Current culture systems available for studying hepatitis D virus (HDV) are suboptimal. In this study, we demonstrate that hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are fully permissive to HDV infection across various tested genotypes. When co-infected with the helper hepatitis B virus (HBV) or transduced to express the HBV envelope protein HBsAg, HLCs effectively release infectious progeny virions.

Crop antiviral defense: Past and future perspective.

Viral pathogens not only threaten the health and life of humans and animals but also cause enormous crop yield losses and contribute to global food insecurity. To defend against viral pathogens, plants have evolved an intricate immune system to perceive and cope with such attacks. Although most of the fundamental studies were carried out in model plants, more recent research in crops has provided new insights into the antiviral strategies employed by crop plants.

Exosomal circ_CCDC7/gga-miR-6568-3p/Pax7 axis accelerates the differentiation of chicken embryonic stem cells infected with subgroup J avian leukosis virus.

Exosome-mediated horizontal and vertical transmission of subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J) in poultry flocks can lead to growth inhibition and severe immunosuppression. However, there are few reports on the early infection of chicken embryonic stem cells (cESCs) with ALV-J. In this study, we confirmed that early infection with ALV-J can accelerate the differentiation of cESCs and promote the secretion of exosomes.

Qualitative real-time RT-PCR assay for nOPV2 poliovirus detection.

Based on the success of the Sabin2-based vaccine, a next-generation nOPV2 poliovirus vaccine has been developed. For epidemic monitoring and conducting epidemiological investigations, it is necessary to have a diagnostic assay with the ability to differentiate this variant from others. Here we describe such a real-time RT-PCR assay.

Serosurveillance of dengue infection and correlation with mosquito pools for dengue virus positivity during the COVID-19 pandemic in Tamil Nadu, India - A state-wide cross-sectional cluster randomized community-based study.

Background: Dengue is a vector-borne viral disease impacting millions across the globe. Nevertheless, akin to many other diseases, reports indicated a decline in dengue incidence and seroprevalence during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-22). This presumably could be attributed to reduced treatment-seeking rates, under-reporting, misdiagnosis, disrupted health services and reduced exposure to vectors due to lockdowns.

Catalase Activity of IgG and κκ-IgG, λλ-IgG, and κλ-IgG Subfractions in HIV-Infected Patients and Healthy Donors.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with pronounced oxidative stress, leading to the development of various virus-associated pathologies. A wealth of evidence suggests that, along with canonical enzymes of reactive oxygen species regulation, human blood contains antibodies with peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities. Here we show that the catalase activity of IgGs and their κκ-IgG, λλ-IgG, and κλ-IgG subfractions of HIV-infected individuals is significantly different compared to the healthy donors.

Natural Antibodies Produced in Vaccinated Patients and COVID-19 Convalescents Hydrolyze Recombinant RBD and Nucleocapsid (N) Proteins.

Antibodies are protein molecules whose primary function is to recognize antigens. However, recent studies have demonstrated their ability to hydrolyze specific substrates, such as proteins, oligopeptides, and nucleic acids. In 2023, two separate teams of researchers demonstrated the proteolytic activity of natural plasma antibodies from COVID-19 convalescents.

mA Methylation in Regulation of Antiviral Innate Immunity.

The epitranscriptomic modification mA is a prevalent RNA modification that plays a crucial role in the regulation of various aspects of RNA metabolism. It has been found to be involved in a wide range of physiological processes and disease states. Of particular interest is the role of mA machinery and modifications in viral infections, serving as an evolutionary marker for distinguishing between self and non-self entities.

Immunogenic and Protective Properties of Recombinant Hemagglutinin of Influenza A (H5N8) Virus.

In this study, we characterized recombinant hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza A (H5N8) virus produced in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1s). Immunochemical analysis showed that the recombinant hemagglutinin was recognized by the serum of ferrets infected with influenza A (H5N8) virus, indicating that its antigenic properties were retained. Two groups of Balb/c mice were immunized with intramuscular injection of recombinant hemagglutinin or propiolactone inactivated A/Astrakhan/3212/2020 (H5N8) influenza virus.