The concept of natural genome reconstruction.Part 1. Basic provisions of the "natural genome reconstruction" concept. Changing the genome of hematopoietic stem cells using several natural cellular mechanisms that are inherent in the hematopoietic cell and determine its biological status as "the source of the body's reparative potential".

We present a series of articles proving the existence of a previously unknown mechanism of interaction between hematopoietic stem cells and extracellular double-stranded DNA (and, in particular, double-stranded DNA of the peripheral bloodstream), which explains the possibility of emergence and fixation of genetic information contained in double-stranded DNA of extracellular origin in hematopoietic stem cells. The concept of the possibility of stochastic or targeted changes in the genome of hematopoietic stem cells is formulated based on the discovery of new, previously unknown biological properties of poorly differentiated hematopoietic precursors. The main provisions of the concept are as follows.

Coronaviruses () of bats in the northern Caucasus and south of western Siberia.

Introduction: Bats are natural reservoirs of coronaviruses (), which have caused three outbreaks of human disease SARS, MERS and COVID-19 or SARS-2 over the past decade. The purpose of the work is to study the diversity of coronaviruses among bats inhabiting the foothills and mountainous areas of the Republics of Dagestan, Altai and the Kemerovo region.

Materials And Methods: Samples of bat oral swabs and feces were tested for the presence of coronavirus RNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

[Analysis of resistance-associated substitutions in hepatitis C virus sequences from Kyrgyzstan].

Introduction: The countries of Central Asia, including Kyrgyzstan, are characterized by high prevalence and morbidity of HCV infection. Identification of HCV genotype and mutations associated with resistance to direct-acting antiviral (DAA) plays an important role either in conducting molecular epidemiological studies or choosing the treatment tactics. The aim of the work was to research of the genotype diversity of HCV variants circulating in Kyrgyzstan and the identification among them the mutations associated with the development of resistance to DAA.

[The rapid ELISA method for detection of orthopoxviruses].

Introduction: Following the successful eradication of smallpox, mass vaccination against this disease was discontinued in 1980. The unvaccinated population continues to be at risk of infection due to military use of variola virus or exposure to monkeypox virus in Africa and non-endemic areas. In cases of these diseases, rapid diagnosis is of great importance, since the promptness and effectiveness of therapeutic and quarantine measures depend on it.

[Intranasal vaccine against COVID-19 based on a recombinant variant of the Sendai virus (Paramyxoviridae: ) strain Moscow].

Introduction: Intranasal vaccination using live vector vaccines based on non-pathogenic or slightly pathogenic viruses is the one of the most convenient, safe and effective ways to prevent respiratory infections, including COVID-19. Sendai virus is the best suited for this purpose, since it is respiratory virus and is capable of limited replication in human bronchial epithelial cells without causing disease. The aim of the work is to design and study the vaccine properties of recombinant Sendai virus, Moscow strain, expressing secreted receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 Delta strain S protein (RBDdelta) during a single intranasal immunization.

Neutralizing Antibodies in COVID-19 Serum from Tatarstan, Russia.

The severity of COVID-19 is a result of the complex interplay between various branches of the immune system. However, our understanding of the role of neutralizing antibodies and the activation of cellular immune response in COVID-19 pathogenesis remains limited. In this study, we investigated neutralizing antibodies in patients with mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19, analyzing their cross-reactivity with the Wuhan and Omicron variants.

[Antiviral activity of basidial fungus aqueous extract against SARS-CоV-2 virus (Coronaviridae: Betacoronavirus: Sarbecovirus) in vivo in BALB/c mice model].

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic combined with seasonal epidemics of respiratory viral diseases requires targeted antiviral prophylaxis with restorative and immunostimulant drugs. The compounds of natural origin are low-toxic, but active against several viruses at the same time. One of the most famous compounds is Inonotus obliquus aqueous extract.

[Shrew-borne hantaviruses (Hantaviridae: ) in the Far East of Russia].

Introduction: Insectivores are newly recognized hantaviral reservoir worldwide. Four distinct shrew-borne hantaviruses (family Hantaviridae) have been identified in two regions located in southern and northern part of the Russian Far East, two genetic variants of Seewis virus (SWSV), Lena River virus (LENV), Kenkeme virus (KKMV) and Yakeshi virus (YKSV). Here, we describe geographic distribution of shrew-borne hantaviruses in southern part of the Russian Far East: Jewish Autonomous region, Khabarovsk Krai, Primorsky Krai and Sakhalin region.

Genome Features of Probiotic Bifidobacteria Determining Their Strain-Specific Properties.

Unlabelled: was to analyze the genome features of the probiotic strains 379, 1, and 791 and study their antiviral activity.

Materials And Methods: Whole genome sequencing of three strains of bifidobacteria was performed on the MiSeq platform (Illumina Inc., USA).

[Antiviral activity of extracts of basidiomycetes and humic compounds substances against Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Retroviridae: Orthoretrovirinae: Lentivirus: Human immunodeficiency virus 1) and Herpes Simplex Virus (Herpesviridae: Simplexvirus: Human alphaherpesvirus 1)].

Introduction: One of the most urgent problem of modern medicine is the fight against the disease caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) - HIV infection. The chemical compounds have improved the situation for infected people, but they are toxic, disrupt the metabolism and cannot eliminate the integrated virus from the body. The emergence of resistant HIV strains makes these treatments ineffective.

Phlebovirus sequences detected in ticks collected in Russia: Novel phleboviruses, distinguishing criteria and high tick specificity.

Phlebovirus is an abundant and rather heterogeneous genus within the Phenuiviridae family (order Bunyavirales). The genus Phlebovirus is divided into two antigenic complexes, which also correspond to the main vector: sandflies/mosquitoes and ticks. Previously, only sandfly/mosquito-borne phleboviruses were associated with human disease, such as Rift Valley fever virus, Toscana virus, Sicilian and Naples Sandfly fever viruses and others.

Detection of Rickettsia helvetica and Candidatus R. tarasevichiae DNA in Ixodes persulcatus ticks collected in Northeastern European Russia (Komi Republic).

The number of tick-borne infections in the northern European regions of Russia has increased considerably in the last years. In the present study, 676 unfed adult Ixodes persulcatus ticks were collected in the Komi Republic from 2011 to 2013 to study tick-borne rickettsioses. Rickettsia spp.

Highly pathogenic influenza H5N1 virus of clade 2.3.2.1c in Western Siberia.

In the spring of 2015, avian influenza virus surveillance in Western Siberia resulted in isolation of several influenza H5N1 virus strains. The strains were isolated from several wild bird species. Investigation of biological features of those strains demonstrated their high pathogenicity for mammals.

Experimental infection of H5N1 HPAI in BALB/c mice.

Background: In 2005 huge epizooty of H5N1 HPAI occurred in Russia. It had been clear that territory of Russia becoming endemic for H5N1 HPAI. In 2006 several outbreaks have occurred.