Comparative physiological and biochemical mechanisms in diploid, triploid, and tetraploid watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) grafted by branches.

Seed production for polyploid watermelons is costly, complex, and labor-intensive. Tetraploid and triploid plants produce fewer seeds/fruit, and triploid embryos have a harder seed coat and are generally weaker than diploid seeds. In this study, we propagated tetraploid and triploid watermelons by grafting cuttings onto gourd rootstock (C.

Physiological, biochemical, and metabolic changes in diploid and triploid watermelon leaves during flooding.

Background: Flooding is a major stress factor impacting watermelon growth and production globally. Metabolites play a crucial role in coping with both biotic and abiotic stresses.

Methods: In this study, diploid (2X) and triploid (3X) watermelons were investigated to determine their flooding tolerance mechanisms by examining physiological, biochemical, and metabolic changes at different stages.

Systematic analysis and expression of Gossypium 2ODD superfamily highlight the roles of GhLDOXs responding to alkali and other abiotic stress in cotton.

Background: 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (2ODD) is the second largest family of oxidases involved in various oxygenation/hydroxylation reactions in plants. Many members in the family regulate gene transcription, nucleic acid modification/repair and secondary metabolic synthesis. The 2ODD family genes also function in the formation of abundant flavonoids during anthocyanin synthesis, thereby modulating plant development and response to diverse stresses.

High seroprevalence of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals amidst vaccination roll-out in western Kenya.

The population's antibody response is a key factor in comprehending SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology. This is especially important in African settings where COVID-19 impact, and vaccination rates are relatively low. This study aimed at characterizing the Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Immunoglobulin M (IgM) in both SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals in Kisumu and Siaya counties in western Kenya using enzyme linked immunosorbent assays.

Identification of miRNAs and their target genes associated with improved maize seed vigor induced by gibberellin.

High seed vigor is crucial for agricultural production owing to its potential in high quality and yield of crops and a better understanding of the molecular mechanism associated with maize seed vigor is highly necessary. To better understand the involvement and regulatory mechanism of miRNAs correlated with maize seed vigor, small RNAs and degradome sequencing of two inbred lines Yu537A and Yu82 were performed. A total of 791 mature miRNAs were obtained with different expressions, among of which 505 miRNAs were newly identified and the rest miRNAs have been reported before by comparing the miRNAs with the sequences in miRbase database.

Transcriptomics for Drought Stress Mediated by Biological Processes in-relation to Key Regulated Pathways in Gossypium darwinii.

Background: Wild cotton Gossypium darwinii, an allotetraploid harbours important traits useful for tolerating abiotic stress, i.e., drought, salt and good genetic stability, hence these characteristics can be transferred to cultivated cotton for genetic improvement.

Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Genes in Reveals Their Potential Role in Trichome Development.

Trichomes protect plants against insects, microbes, herbivores, and abiotic damages and assist seed dispersal. The function of genes have been found to be involved in the trichome development but the research on the underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms are extremely limited. Herein, genome wide identification and characterization of genes was performed.

A high-quality assembled genome and its comparative analysis decode the adaptive molecular mechanism of the number one Chinese cotton variety CRI-12.

Background: Gossypium hirsutum L. is the most widely cultivated cotton species, and a high-quality reference genome would be a huge boost for researching the molecular mechanism of agronomic traits in cotton.

Findings: Here, Pacific Biosciences and Hi-C sequencing technologies were used to assemble a new upland cotton genome of the No.

Late embryogenesis abundant gene LEA3 (Gh_A08G0694) enhances drought and salt stress tolerance in cotton.

Plants have evolved a complex and organized response to abiotic stress that involves physiological and metabolic reprogramming, transcription control, epigenetic regulation, and expressions of thousand interacting genes for instance the late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are expressed in multiple environmental variables during the plant developmental period, and thus play critical role in enhancing drought and salt stress tolerance. A comprehensive molecular and functional characterization of the LEA3 gene was carried out in cotton under abiotic stress conditions in order to elucidate their functions. Seventy eight genes were identified in cotton, and were clustered into six clades moreover; the LEA genes were more upregulated in the tissues of the tetraploid cotton compared to the diploid type.

Identification of SNAT Family Genes Suggests Functional Reponse to Melatonin Synthesis Under Salinity Stress in Cotton.

Serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of melatonin, and plays an important role in the regulation of melatonin synthesis. The study of SNAT is of great significance to understand the function of melatonin. In this study, we analyzed the structural characteristics, phylogenetic relationship, gene structure, expression pattern, evolutionary relationship and stress response of the members of the SNAT gene family in upland cotton through bioinformatics.

Molecular structures and functional exploration of NDA family genes respond tolerant to alkaline stress in Gossypium hirsutum L.

Background: The internal NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDA) gene family was a member of the NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (ND) gene family, mainly involved in the non-phosphorylated respiratory pathways in mitochondria and played crucial roles in response to abiotic stress.

Methods: The whole genome identification, structure analysis and expression pattern of NDA gene family were conducted to analyze the NDA gene family.

Results: There were 51, 52, 26, and 24 NDA genes identified in G.

Transcriptomic analysis of salivary gland and proteomic analysis of oral secretion in Helicoverpa armigera under cotton plant leaves, gossypol, and tannin stresses.

Gossypol and tannin are involved in important chemical defense processes in cotton plants. In this study, we used transcriptomics and proteomics to explore the changes in salivary gland functional genes and oral secretion (OS) proteins after feeding with artificial diet (containing gossypols and tannins) and cotton plant leaves. We found that dietary cotton plant leaves, gossypols and tannins exerted adverse impacts on the genes that regulated the functions of peptidase, GTPase, glycosyl hydrolases in the salivary glands of the Helicoverpa armigera (H.

Genetic Factors Underlying Single Fiber Quality in A-Genome Donor Asian Cotton ().

The study of A-genome Asian cotton as a potential fiber donor in Gossypium species may offer an enhanced understanding of complex genetics and novel players related to fiber quality traits. Assessment of individual fibers providing classified fiber quality information to the textile industry is Advanced Fiber Information System (AFIS) in the recent technological era. Keeping the scenario, a diverse collection of 215 Asiatic cotton accessions were evaluated across three agro-ecological zones of China.

Insight Between the Epigenetics and Transcription Responding of Cotton Hypocotyl Cellular Elongation Under Salt-Alkaline Stress.

is a cultivated cotton not only known for producing superior fiber but also for its salt and alkaline resistance. Here, we used Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing (WGBS) technology to map the cytosine methylation of the whole genome of the hypocotyl at single base resolution. The methylation sequencing results showed that the mapping rates of the three samples were 75.

Silencing of cytochrome P450 gene CYP321A1 effects tannin detoxification and metabolism in Spodoptera litura.

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450 or CYP) plays an important role in the metabolism of insecticides and plant allelochemicals by insects. CYP321B1, a novel Spodoptera litura P450 gene, was identified and characterized. CYP321B1 contains a 1488 bp open reading frame (ORF) that encodes a 495 amino acid protein.

Genome-wide identification and characteristic analysis of the downstream melatonin metabolism gene GhM2H in Gossypium hirsutum L.

Background: Melatonin 2-hydroxylase (M2H) is the first enzyme in the catabolism pathway of melatonin, which catalyzes the production of 2-hydroxymelatonin (2-OHM) from melatonin. The content of 2-hydroxymelatonin in plants is much higher than that of melatonin. So M2H may be a key enzyme in the metabolic pathway of melatonin.

Melatonin Improves Cotton Salt Tolerance by Regulating ROS Scavenging System and Ca Signal Transduction.

As one of the cash crops, cotton is facing the threat of abiotic stress during its growth and development. It has been reported that melatonin is involved in plant defense against salt stress, but whether melatonin can improve cotton salt tolerance and its molecular mechanism remain unclear. We investigated the role of melatonin in cotton salt tolerance by silencing melatonin synthesis gene and exogenous melatonin application in upland cotton.

Genetic diversity and evolutionary patterns of Rodin.

Rodin (TKS) is an important potential alternative source of natural inulin and rubber production, which has great significance for the production of industrial products. In this study, we sequenced 58 wild TKS individuals collected from four different geography regions worldwide to elucidate the population structure, genetic diversity, and the patterns of evolution. Also, the first flowering time, crown diameter, morphological characteristics of leaf, and scape of all TKS individuals were measured and evaluated statistically.

Identification and functional characterization of Gh_D01G0514 (GhNAC072) transcription factor in response to drought stress tolerance in cotton.

Cotton encounters long-term drought stress problems resulting in major yield losses. Transcription factors (TFs) plays an important role in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. The coexpression patterns of gene networks associated with drought stress tolerance were investigated using transcriptome profiles.

GWAS Mediated Elucidation of Heterosis for Metric Traits in Cotton ( L.) Across Multiple Environments.

For about a century, plant breeding has widely exploited the heterosis phenomenon-often considered as hybrid vigor-to increase agricultural productivity. The ensuing F hybrids can substantially outperform their progenitors due to heterozygous combinations that mitigate deleterious mutations occurring in each genome. However, only fragmented knowledge is available concerning the underlying genes and processes that foster heterosis.

Cotton transcriptome analysis reveals novel biological pathways that eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) under sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO) alkaline stress.

Alkaline stress is one of the abiotic stresses limiting cotton production. Though RNA-Seq analyses, have been conducted to investigate genome-wide gene expression in response to alkaline stress in plants, the response of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO) stress-related genes in cotton has not been reported. To explore the mechanisms of cotton response to this alkaline stress, we used next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology to study transcriptional changes of cotton under NaHCO alkaline stress.

Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of a new cytoplasmic male sterile line with a wild Gossypium bickii genetic background.

Background: Cotton is an important fiber crop but has serious heterosis effects, and cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is the major cause of heterosis in plants. However, to the best of our knowledge, no studies have investigated CMS Yamian A in cotton with the genetic background of Australian wild Gossypium bickii. Conjoint transcriptomic and proteomic analysis was first performed between Yamian A and its maintainer Yamian B.