Evaluating waterbird migratory stopover habitat suitability in the Tumen River Estuary at the junction of China, North Korea and Russia using multi-source remote sensing imagery.

Over the past three decades, numerous waterbird habitats have experienced considerable degradation as a result of the persistent deterioration of wetland ecosystems. Habitat suitability evaluation is a critical tool for restoring and conserving waterbird habitats. However, few studies have specifically examined the effects of temporal land cover changes on the suitability of migratory stopover habitats for waterbirds in transboundary regions.