Thyroid doses for the Chornobyl Tissue Bank: improved estimates based on revised methodology and individual residence and diet history.

Increased thyroid cancer incidence has been one of the principal adverse health effects of the Chornobyl (Chernobyl) nuclear power plant accident. Accurate dose estimation is critical for assessing the radiation dose-response relationship. Current dosimetry estimates for individuals from the Chornobyl Tissue Bank (CTB) are based only on the limited information on their places of residence at the time of the accident and/or at the time of surgery for thyroid cancer.

Treatment of Obesity with Thyroid hormones in Europe. Data from the THESIS* Collaboration.

Purpose: The use of thyroid hormones (TH) to treat obesity is unsupported by evidence as reflected in international guidelines. We explored views about this practice, and associations with respondent characteristics among European thyroid specialists.

Methods: Specialists from 28 countries were invited to a survey via professional organisations.

Prevalence of Thyroid Nodules in Residents of Ukraine Exposed as Children or Adolescents to Iodine-131 from the Chornobyl Accident.

Although childhood exposure to radioactive iodine-131 (I-131) is an established risk factor for thyroid cancer, evidence for an association with thyroid nodules is less clear. The objective of this study is to evaluate the association between childhood I-131 exposure and prevalence of ultrasound-detected thyroid nodules overall and by nodule histology/cytology (neoplastic/suspicious/non-neoplastic), size (<10 mm/≥10 mm), and number (single/multiple). This is a cross-sectional study of radiation dose (mean = 0.

Patients' Persistent Symptoms, Clinician Demographics, and Geo-Economic Factors Are Associated with Choice of Therapy for Hypothyroidism by European Thyroid Specialists: The "THESIS" Collaboration.

Hypothyroidism is common, however, aspects of its treatment remain controversial. Our survey aimed at documenting treatment choices of European thyroid specialists and exploring how patients' persistent symptoms, clinician demographics, and geo-economic factors relate to treatment choices. Seventeen thousand two hundred forty-seven thyroid specialists from 28 countries were invited to participate in an online questionnaire survey.

FAMILIAL NON-MEDULLARY THYROID CARCINOMA.

Background: Familial non-medullary thyroid carcinoma (FNMTC) is defined as cancer developing in two or more first-degree relatives if predisposing factors, for example, radiation, are absent. The disease can be either syndromic, when it is a component of complex genetic syndromes, or non-syndromic (95% cases). The genetic basis of non-syndromic FNMTC is unknown; the clinical behavior of tumorsis unclear and, at times, contradictory.

GENETIC FEATURES OF CHILDREN WITH IDIOPATHIC SHORT STATURE.

Objective: The aim: To investigate the clinical and genetic characteristics of children with idiopathic short stature, taking into account the polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) BsmI gene.

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: Eighteen children diagnosed with of idiopathic short stature who were treated at the State Institution «V.P.

Exposure to the Thyroid from Intake of Radioiodine Isotopes after the Chornobyl Accident. Report I: Revised Doses and Associated Uncertainties for the Ukrainian-American Cohort.

Thyroid doses from intake of radioiodine isotopes (131I, 132Te+132I, and 133I) and associated uncertainties were revised for the 13,204 Ukrainian-American cohort members exposed in childhood and adolescence to fallout from the Chornobyl nuclear power plant accident. The main changes related to the revision of the 131I thyroid activity measured in cohort members, the use of thyroid-mass values specific to the Ukrainian population, and the revision of the 131I ground deposition densities in Ukraine. Uncertainties in doses were assessed considering shared and unshared errors in the parameters of the dosimetry model.

Assessment of internal exposure to 131I and short-lived radioiodine isotopes and associated uncertainties in the Ukrainian cohort of persons exposed in utero.

This study revised the thyroid doses for 2582 Ukrainian in utero cohort members exposed to Chornobyl fallout (the Ukrainian in utero cohort) based on revision of: (i) 131I thyroid activity measured in the Ukrainian population, (ii) thyroid dosimetry system for entire Ukraine, and (iii) 131I ground deposition densities in Ukraine. Other major improvements included: (i) assessment of uncertainties in the thyroid doses considering shared and unshared error, and (ii) accounting for intake of short-lived radioisotopes of tellurium and iodine (132Te+132I and 133I). Intake of 131I was the major pathway for thyroid exposure, its median contribution to the thyroid dose was 97.

Plasma Apolipoproteins A1/B and OxLDL Levels in Patients with Covid-19 As Possible Markers of the Disease.

The COVID-19 infection is associated with dyslipidemia and cardiovascular complications. The aim of the study was to determine the content of ApoA1, ApoB, and oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) in the plasma of patients ( = 81) with COVID-19, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). ApoA1, ApoB, and oxLDL were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits (Elabscience, United States).

The Mutation Is Not a Risk Factor for More Aggressive Tumor Behavior in Radiogenic and Sporadic Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma at a Young Age.

Histopathological changes in the fusion oncogene-driven papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) from children and adolescents exposed to Chernobyl fallout have been extensively studied. However, characteristics of the radiogenic BRAF-positive PTCs, whose proportion is growing with time, are not well described yet. We analyzed the relationship between the BRAF status (determined immunohistochemically with the VE1 antibody) and the clinicopathological features of 247 radiogenic and 138 sporadic PTCs from young Ukrainian patients aged ≤28 years.

Radiation-related genomic profile of papillary thyroid carcinoma after the Chernobyl accident.

The 1986 Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident increased papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) incidence in surrounding regions, particularly for radioactive iodine (I)-exposed children. We analyzed genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic characteristics of 440 PTCs from Ukraine (from 359 individuals with estimated childhood I exposure and 81 unexposed children born after 1986). PTCs displayed radiation dose-dependent enrichment of fusion drivers, nearly all in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and increases in small deletions and simple/balanced structural variants that were clonal and bore hallmarks of nonhomologous end-joining repair.

ANALYSIS OF THE VITAMIN D RECEPTOR BSMI GENE POLYMORPHISM IN CHILDREN WITH GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY.

Objective: The aim: The objective of the study was to investigate the polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) BsmI gene in children with growth hormone deficiency and the level of their vitamin D supply.

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: Sixteen children diagnosed with of growth hormone deficiency who were treated at the State Institution «V.P.

TELOMERE LENGTH, TELOMERASE ACTIVITY, HEART RATE VARIABILITY, OR OXIDATIVE STRESS: WHICH ONE IS MOST ASSOCIATED WITH THE ATHEROTHROMBOTIC STROKE IN THE ELDERLY?

The objective of this study - to evaluate the impact of the markers of oxidative stress and HRV to stroke. The comprehensive clinical and instrumental study involved 84 patients with the diagnosis "Cerebral Atherosclerosis" (CA). Study design: simple, prospective, non-randomized, with sequential inclusion of patients.

Immunocytochemical characteristics of thyrocytes in radioiodine refractory metastases of papillary thyroid cancer.

Unlabelled: The aim of the work was to carry out an immunocytochemical (ICC) study of thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and thyroglobulin (Tg) expression in the punctates of the radioiodine (RI) refractory and RI uptake metastases of thyroid papillary carcinoma (PTC), on the basis of which it is possible to develop new methods of preoperative prediction of RI resistance and RI therapy efficiency for thyroid papillary carcinoma metastases.

Materials And Methods: The ICC research was carried out on a fine needle aspiration biopsy material of 104 metastases that were found after thyroidectomy and RI therapy, i.e.

Histopathological characteristics and post-operative follow-up of patients with potentially radiogenic papillary thyroid carcinoma depending on oncocytic changes availability in the tumor cells.

Aim: To compare the frequency of main histopathological characteristics, 131І thyroid radiation doses, invasive properties and post-operative follow-up of patients of different age groups with potentially radiogenic papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with the presence and absence of oncocytic changes in tumor cells.

Materials And Methods: PTC removed in 483 patients from high risk age-group for radiogenic thyroid cancer development (children and adolescents at the time of Chornobyl accident who lived in the northern regions of Ukraine: Kyiv, Zhytomyr, and Chernihiv regions) have been studied microscopically.

Results: The frequency of PTC with the presence of oncocytic changes (OCh) in tumor cells increased significantly with increasing of patients' age at the time of surgery: from 8.

Comparative Histopathologic Analysis of "Radiogenic" and "Sporadic" Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Patients Born Before and After the Chernobyl Accident.

Background: The issue of whether radiation-induced thyroid cancer is pathologically different from sporadic remains not fully answered. This study compared structural characteristics and invasive features of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in two age-matched groups: patients who were children (≤4 years old) at the time of the Chernobyl accident and who lived in three regions of Ukraine most contaminated by radioactive iodine I ("radiogenic" cancer), and those who lived in the same regions but who were born after 1987 and were not exposed to I ("sporadic" cancer). Further, the histopathologic features of PTC were analyzed in relation to age and individual I thyroid dose.

Differentiated thyroid carcinomas associated with chronic thyroiditis: biological and clinical properties.

Aim: To determine biological and clinical features of papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas associated or not associated with chronic thyroiditis.

Materials And Methods: The study was conducted by retrospective analysis of medical histories of 2,459 patients with thyroid cancer. Tumor size, its category according to the TNM system, multi-focal properties of tumor growth, carcinoma invasiveness, as well as disease stage, rates of relapses and metastasis, and also cumulative survival rates were analyzed.

Investigation of the Relationship Between Radiation Dose and Gene Mutations and Fusions in Post-Chernobyl Thyroid Cancer.

Background: Exposure to ionizing radiation during childhood is a well-established risk factor for thyroid cancer. However, the genetic mechanisms of radiation-associated carcinogenesis remain not fully understood.

Methods: In this study, we used targeted next-generation sequencing and RNA-Seq to study 65 papillary thyroid cancers (PTCs) from patients in the Ukrainian-American cohort with measurement-based iodine-131 (I-131) thyroid doses received as a result of the Chernobyl accident.