Saccharomyces bayanus var. uvarum in Tokaj wine-making of Slovakia and Hungary.

Using genetic hybridisation analysis and molecular karyotyping we revealed an association of Saccharomyces bayanus var. uvarum species with Tokaj wine-making. Along with identification of Saccharomyces strains isolated by E.

Molecular differentiation of sibling species in the Galactomyces geotrichum complex.

PCR-analysis, multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and molecular karyotyping were used to characterize 52 strains belonging to the genus Galactomyces. The resultant data revealed that a PCR method employing the universal primer N21 and microsatellite primer (CAC)5 is appropriate for the distinction of four Ga. geotrichum sibling species, Ga.

Genetic characterization of the nonconventional yeast Hansenula anomala.

We describe genetic, molecular and taxonomic characteristics of the yeast Hansenula anomala. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of chromosomal DNAs from 19 H. anomala strains and related species indicated that H.

Genetic identification of Saccharomyces bayanus var. uvarum, a cider-fermenting yeast.

Twenty-one Saccharomyces strains isolated from a cider process were analysed in terms of karyotypes, Y' S. cerevisiae sequence occurrence, rDNA structure and cross-fertility with species tester strains. A strong predominance of S.

Genetic reidentification of the pectinolytic yeast strain SCPP as Saccharomyces bayanus var. uvarum.

Using genetic hybridization analysis, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of chromosomal DNA and PCR/RFLP analysis of the MET2 gene, we reidentified 11 Champagne yeast strains. Two of them, SCPP and SC4, were found to belong to Saccharomyces bayanus var. uvarum and the remaining strains to S.

Natural polyploidization of some cultured yeast Saccharomyces sensu stricto: auto- and allotetraploidy.

Using genetic and flow cytometric analyses, we showed that wine strain S6U is an allotetraploid of S. cerevisiae x S. bayanus.

beta-fructosidase superfamily: homology with some alpha-L-arabinases and beta-D-xylosidases.

Comparison of the amino acid sequences of four families of glycosyl hydrolases reveals that they are homologous and have several common conserved regions. Two of these families contain beta-fructosidases (glycosyl hydrolase families GH32 and GH68) and the other two include alpha-L-arabinases and beta-xylosidases (families GH43 and GH62). The latter two families are proposed to be grouped together with the former two into the beta-fructosidase (furanosidase) superfamily.

Association of Saccharomyces bayanus var. uvarum with some French wines: genetic analysis of yeast populations.

Using genetic hybridization analysis, electrophoretic karyotyping and PCR-RFLP of the MET2 gene, we found that the yeast Saccharomyces bayanus var. uvarum is associated with certain types of wines produced in the Val de Loire, Sauternes, and Jurancon regions. The average frequency of appearance of this yeast in the three regions of France was 41, 7 and 77%, respectively.

Genetic variation among European strains of Saccharomyces paradoxus: results from DNA fingerprinting.

We used microsatellite fingerprinting and RAPD analysis to characterize 28 wild European strains of Saccharomyces paradoxus. In contrast to our results from a previous allozyme survey [Naumov et al. Int.

Conserved sequence motifs in levansucrases and bifunctional beta-xylosidases and alpha-L-arabinases.

Comparison of the amino acid sequences of two families of glycosyl hydrolases reveals that they are related in a region in the central part of the sequences. One of these families (GH family 68) includes levansucrases and the other one (glycosyl hydrolase family 43) includes bifunctional beta-xylosidases and alpha-L-arabinofuranosidases. The similarity of the primary structure of proteins from these families allows us to consider the invariant glutamate residue as a component of their active center.

Saccharomyces paradoxus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae are associated with exudates of North American oaks.

Genetic hybridization and karyotypic analyses revealed the biological species Saccharomyces paradoxus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in exudates from North American oaks for the first time. In addition, two strains collected from elm flux and from Drosophila by Phaff in 1961 and 1952 were reidentified as S. paradoxus.

Differentiation of European and Far East Asian populations of Saccharomyces paradoxus by allozyme analysis.

Allozyme electrophoresis was used to characterize 39 isolates belonging to the wild yeast species Saccharomyces paradoxus for variation at nine enzyme loci. The data revealed significant genetic differentiation between isolates from two geographically distinct regions, one including continental Europe and the other including the Russian Far East and Japan. The results are consistent with previous observations indicating that there is partial reproductive isolation between isolates collected from these regions, and they suggest the possibility that these two populations represent an early stage in speciation.

Superfamily of alpha-galactosidase MEL genes of the Saccharomyces sensu stricto species complex.

In order to study the molecular evolution of the yeasts grouped in the Saccharomyces sensu stricto species complex by analysis of the MEL gene family, we have cloned and sequenced two new species-specific MEL genes from Saccharomyces yeasts: S. paradoxus (MELp) and a Japanese Saccharomyces sp. (MELj).

Identification of the alpha-galactosidase MEL genes in some populations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a new gene MEL11.

In this report we mapped a new MEL11 gene and summarize our population studies of the alpha-galactosidase MEL genes of S. cerevisiae. The unique family of structural MEL genes has undergone rapid translocations to the telomeres of most chromosomes in some specific Saccharomyces cerevisiae populations inhabiting olive oil processing waste (alpechin) and animal intestines.

Polymeric SUC genes in natural populations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The comparative chromosomal locations of polymeric beta-fructosidase SUC genes have been determined by Southern blot hybridization with the SUC2 probe in 91 different strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Most of the strains exhibited a single SUC2 gene, but in some strains two or three SUC genes were found. All Suc- strains carried a silent suc2(zero) sequence.

Genetic mapping of the alpha-galactosidase MEL gene family on right and left telomeres of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The alpha-galactosidase MEL2-MEL10 genes have been genetically mapped to right and left telomere regions of the following chromosomes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: MEL2 at VII L, MEL3 at XVI L, MEL4 at XI L, MEL5 at IV L, MEL6 at XIII R, MEL7 at VI R, MEL8 at XV R, MEL9 at X R and MEL10 at XII R. A set of tester strains with URA3 inserted into individual telomeres and no MEL genes was used for mapping.

Identification of new chromosomes of Saccharomyces bayanus using gene probes from S. cerevisiae.

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes HIS3 (chr. XV), LYS2 (chr. II), ARG4 (chr.

Chromosomal polymorphism of the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica and related species: electrophoretic karyotyping and hybridization with cloned genes.

Significant differences in electrophoretic karyotyping patterns were found among 27 strains of Y. lipolytica. Twenty-one of these strains were classified into four groups of similar karyotypes while six strains showed unique karyotypes.