Large language models outperform traditional natural language processing methods in extracting patient-reported outcomes in IBD.

Background And Aims: Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are vital in assessing disease activity and treatment outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, manual extraction of these PROs from the free-text of clinical notes is burdensome. We aimed to improve data curation from free-text information in the electronic health record, making it more available for research and quality improvement.

Eligibility for late endovascular treatment using DAWN, DEFUSE-3, and more liberal selection criteria in a stroke center.

Background And Purpose: The real-life application of DAWN and DEFUSE-3 trials has been poorly investigated. We aimed to identify the proportion of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) eligible for late endovascular treatment (EVT) in our stroke center based on trial and more liberal selection criteria.

Methods: All consecutive patients in our stroke registry (2003-2017) admitted within 5-23 hours of last proof of good health were selected if they had complete clinical and radiological datasets.

Prevalence of and risk factors for chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology in India: secondary data analysis of three population-based cross-sectional studies.

Objectives: To assess whether chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology (CKDu) is present in India and to identify risk factors for it using population-based data and standardised methods.

Design: Secondary data analysis of three population-based cross-sectional studies conducted between 2010 and 2014.

Setting: Urban and rural areas of Northern India (states of Delhi and Haryana) and Southern India (states of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh).

Multi-signal electromechanical cardiovascular monitoring on a modified home bathroom scale.

A commercially available bathroom scale was modified to enable unobtrusive and robust cardiovascular monitoring in the home. Handlebar electrodes were interfaced to an ultra-low power, two-electrode electrocardiogram (ECG) acquisition circuit providing consistent and clean heartbeat timing information. In addition, the footpad electrodes were used to detect lower-body electromyogram (EMG) and lower-body impedance plethysmogram (IPG) signals using two parallel circuits.

In vivo micro-image mosaicing.

Recent advances in optical imaging have led to the development of miniature microscopes that can be brought to the patient for visualizing tissue structures in vivo. These devices have the potential to revolutionize health care by replacing tissue biopsy with in vivo pathology. One of the primary limitations of these microscopes, however, is that the constrained field of view can make image interpretation and navigation difficult.

Is there "cherry picking" in the ESRD Program? Perceptions from a Dialysis Provider Survey.

Background And Objectives: Changes in ESRD reimbursement policy, including proposed bundled payment, have raised concern that dialysis facilities may use "cherry picking" practices to attract a healthier, better insured, or more adherent patient population.

Design, Setting, Participants, & Measurements: As part of a national survey to measure beliefs about drivers of quality in dialysis, respondents were asked about their perceptions of cherry picking, including the frequency and effect of various cherry picking strategies on dialysis outcomes. We surveyed a random sample of 250 nurse members of the American Nephrology Nurses Association, 250 nephrologist members of the American Medical Association, 50 key opinion leaders, and 2000 physician members of the Renal Physicians Association.

Is new science driving practice improvements and better patient outcomes? Applications for cardiac rehabilitation.

Evidence from many clinical trials in recent years suggests that a large "treatment gap" exists between recommended therapies and the care that patients actually receive. This gap has been particularly apparent in the area of primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. In this article, three areas are discussed in which new scientific advances have not been adequately translated to clinical practice.

Hematopoietic stem cells, leukemic stem cells and chronic myelogenous leukemia.

Blood-related cancers, or leukemias, have been shown to arise from a rare subset of cells that escape normal regulation and drive the formation and growth of the tumor. The finding that these so-called cancer stem cells, or leukemic stem cells (LSC), can be purified away from the other cells in the tumor allows their precise analysis to identify candidate molecules and regulatory pathways that play a role in progression, maintenance, and spreading of leukemias. The analyses of the other, numerically dominant, cells in the tumor, while also interesting, do not directly interrogate these key properties of malignancies.

Temporal filtering properties of holograms.

A hologram may be regarded as a linear temporal filter operating on the time-varying object fields incident during exposure. Such a point of view allows the effects of object vibrations and other simple motions to be predicted in a straightforward fashion. In addition, this filtering property suggests that holograms might be used to provide doppler maps of moving objects.