Managing Recurrent Carbon Dioxide Embolism During Laparoscopic Hepatectomy With Transesophageal Echocardiography Guidance: A Case Report.

Carbon dioxide gas emboli is a potentially fatal complication that occurs more frequently during laparoscopic hepatectomy compared to other laparoscopic surgeries. The patient featured in this report had massive gas embolism confirmed by intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) that were associated with episodes of severe hypoxemia, hemodynamic instability, and right ventricular failure requiring conversion to open hepatectomy. Abrupt abdominal decompression resulted in massive hemorrhage from a previously undetected defect in the middle hepatic vein.

Association of Kidney Function With Inpatient Mortality and Morbidity After Cardiac Surgery.

Background: Contemporary population-based data examining the rates of cardiac surgery and the relationship between non-dialysis-requiring chronic kidney disease (CKD) and postoperative outcomes in cardiac surgery are limited.

Methods: We identified hospital admissions for cardiac surgical procedures in adults from 2010-2019 in the United States. The primary exposure was kidney disease, categorized as CKD stage G3, CKD stages G4 or G5, and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD).

Functional genotype classification groups distinguish disease severity in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa.

Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is a genetic disorder due to pathogenic variants in the COL7A1 gene. In this study we determined the association between different categories of COL7A1 variants and clinical disease severity in 236 RDEB patients in North America. Published reports or in-silico predictions were used to assess the impact of pathogenic variants in COL7A1 on type VII collagen (C7) protein function.

Health conditions seen frequently in hospitalized United States Veterans who served after 9/11/2001: A scoping review.

Background: Hospitalists working outside the Veterans Affairs (VA) system frequently will serve Veterans receiving care for acute conditions and/or awaiting transfer to VA facilities.

Objective: To perform a scoping review of health conditions and associated outcomes relevant to hospital medicine in US Veterans who served in active duty or reserve deployed roles after November 9, 2001.

Methods: A search of MEDLINE and Embase was performed using a combination of terms related to military service period and health conditions, yielding 5634 citations published after January 1, 2013.

Short-chain fatty acid metabolites propionate and butyrate are unique epigenetic regulatory elements linking diet, metabolism and gene expression.

The short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) propionate and butyrate have beneficial health effects, are produced in large amounts by microbial metabolism and have been identified as unique acyl lysine histone marks. To better understand the function of these modifications, we used chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing to map the genome-wide location of four short-chain acyl histone marks, H3K18pr, H3K18bu, H4K12pr and H4K12bu, in treated and untreated colorectal cancer (CRC) and normal cells as well as in mouse intestines in vivo. We correlate these marks with open chromatin regions and gene expression to access the function of the target regions.

Overlooked and underpowered: a meta-research addressing sample size in radiomics prediction models for binary outcomes.

Objectives: To investigate how studies determine the sample size when developing radiomics prediction models for binary outcomes, and whether the sample size meets the estimates obtained by using established criteria.

Methods: We identified radiomics studies that were published from 01 January 2023 to 31 December 2023 in seven leading peer-reviewed radiological journals. We reviewed the sample size justification methods, and actual sample size used.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide supplementation fails to enhance anesthetic recovery in rodents.

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) is implicated in bioenergetics, DNA repair, and senescence. Depletion of NAD is associated with aging and neurodegenerative disease, prompting a growing interest in NAD supplementation. With rising over-the-counter use of NAD, understanding their impact on anesthetic recovery becomes essential.

The impact of brain-systemic oxygenation coupling in sleep-disordered breathing on cognitive function in elderly.

Background: Intermittent hypoxia, a consequence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), may contribute to an increased risk of cognitive decline. However, the association between SDB and cognition remains highly variable.

Methods: Fifty-two community-dwelling healthy older adults (28 women) were recruited.

Water, sanitation, handwashing, and nutritional interventions can reduce child antibiotic use: evidence from Bangladesh and Kenya.

Antibiotics can trigger antimicrobial resistance and microbiome alterations. Reducing pathogen exposure and undernutrition can reduce infections and antibiotic use. We assess effects of water, sanitation, handwashing (WSH) and nutrition interventions on caregiver-reported antibiotic use in Bangladesh and Kenya, longitudinally measured at three timepoints among birth cohorts (ages 3-28 months) in a cluster-randomized trial.

Incremental benefit of high dose compared to standard dose influenza vaccine in reducing hospitalizations.

Evidence regarding the high-dose (HD) vaccine's relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) and absolute benefit in reducing influenza-related hospitalizations compared to the standard-dose (SD) vaccine is warranted. We estimated the adjusted rVE and the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) of the HD vaccine compared to the SD vaccine among Clalit Health Services members aged ≥65 years. Among 418,603 and 393,125 members vaccinated in the 2022-2023 and 2023-2024 influenza seasons, the adjusted rVE was 27% (95% CI: -12% to 61%) for 2022-2023 and 7% (95% CI: -36% to 42%) for 2023-2024, with NNV to prevent one hospitalization event being 2262 (95% CI: 1004 to ∞) and 7662 (95% CI: 1293 to ∞), respectively.

A Comparison of Glucose and Additional Signals for Three Different Exercise Types in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Using a Hybrid Closed-Loop System.

To compare glycemic outcomes during and following moderate-intensity exercise (MIE), high-intensity interval exercise (HIE), and resistance exercise (RE) in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using a hybrid closed-loop (HCL) insulin pump while measuring additional physiological signals associated with activity. Twenty-eight adolescents (average age 16.3 ± 2.

Physiologic readiness and subjective workload of performing operations: A prospective observational study of attending and trainee surgeons.

Physical health and perceived workload are determinants of career satisfaction and longevity for surgeons. The aim of this prospective observational study was to determine if biometric indicators of physical recovery among surgeons are associated with perceived workload during operations. The primary outcome was whether there was an association between surgeon self-assessment and a physiologic recovery score based on heart rate variability measured with a wearable biometric sensor.

Harnessing gut microbial communities to unravel microbiome functions.

The gut microbiome impacts human health in direct and indirect ways. While many associations have been discovered between specific microbiome compositions and diseases, establishing causality, understanding the underlying mechanisms, and developing successful microbiome-based therapies require novel experimental approaches. In this opinion, we discuss how in vitro cultivation of diverse communities enables systematic investigation of the individual and collective functions of gut microbes.

Effect of Epstein-Barr Virus infection on gene regulation in immune cells of patients with Immune-Mediated Diseases.

It has been known that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can latently infect immune cells after the initial infection, and epidemiological studies have suggested its association with the onset of immune-mediated diseases (IMDs). However, the specific impact of EBV infection on IMDs pathology remains unclear. We quantified EBV load of B cell subsets (Naïve B cells, Unswitched memory B cells, Switched memory B cells, Double negative B cells, and Plasmablasts) in IMD patients as well as healthy control (HC) using bulk RNA sequencing data of 504 donors.

Food for Cancer Health Equity: A Qualitative Study Among People With Cancer Who Are Low-Income, Latino or Hispanic, Immigrant, and Individuals With Multiple Minoritized Races and Ethnicities.

Purpose: Food insecurity is prevalent among patients with cancer. Gaps in our understanding of preferences for food assistance among Latino or Hispanic, immigrant, and people with multiple races and ethnicities limit uptake of food assistance interventions among these populations. We aimed to deeply understand the needs and preferences and barriers to food assistance intervention uptake among low-income, predominantly Latino or Hispanic, immigrant, and people with multiple races and ethnicities and cancer to inform development of tailored interventions.

Characterization of Key Lipid Components in the Cell Membrane of Freeze-Drying Resistant Strains Using Nontargeted Lipidomics.

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are usually freeze-dried into powder for transportation and storage, with the bacterial membrane playing a crucial role in this process. However, different strains exhibit different levels of freeze-drying resistance in their cell membranes. In this study, () strains 1F20, K56, and J5, demonstrating survival rates of 59.

Effect of a Narrative-Based Online Course Aimed at Reducing Stigma Toward Transgender Children and Adolescents: Longitudinal Observational Study.

Background: Stigma toward transgender children and adolescents negatively impacts their health and educational outcomes. Contact with members of stigmatized groups can dismantle stereotypes and reduce stigma by facilitating exposure to the unique cognitive and emotional perspectives of individuals within the group. Recent evidence suggests that video-based contact interventions can be as effective as face-to-face encounters, but challenges lie in protecting the identities of transgender youth, since many of them live in stealth.

Children's executive functioning and health behaviors across pediatric life stages and ecological contexts.

Executive functioning (EF) has been linked to chronic disease risk in children. Health behaviors are thought to partially explain this association. The current cross-sectional study evaluated specific domains of EF and varied health behaviors in three pediatric life stages.

Breast Cancer Susceptibility Gene Sequence Variations and Development of Contralateral Breast Cancer.

Importance: Heterogeneity in development of estrogen receptor (ER)-specific first primary breast cancer exists due to deleterious germline variants in moderate- to high-penetrance breast cancer susceptibility genes, but it is unknown if these associations occur in ER-specific CBC.

Objective: To determine the association of deleterious germline variants in breast cancer susceptibility genes with ER-specific CBC development and whether ER status of the first primary breast cancer modifies these associations.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This case-control study included CBC cases and matched unilateral breast cancer controls from The Women's Environment, Cancer, and Radiation Epidemiology (WECARE) Study, a population-based case-control study.

Outcomes of Older Adults and Frail Patients Receiving Idecabtagene Vicleucel: A CIBMTR Study.

Idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel) is an anti-BCMA CAR-T cell therapy approved for patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) after 2 prior lines of therapy. There is limited data on outcomes of CAR T in older adults and frail patients with RRMM. In this study, we utilized data from the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplantation Registry to describe the safety and efficacy of ide-cel in these clinically important subgroups.

Automated Detection of Isolated REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Using Computer Vision.

Objective: Isolated rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is, in most cases, an early stage of Parkinson's disease or related disorders. Diagnosis requires an overnight video-polysomnogram (vPSG), however, even for sleep experts, interpreting vPSG data is challenging. Using a 3D camera, automated analysis of movements has yielded high accuracy.