Targeted degradation of oncogenic KRASG12V triggers antitumor immunity in lung cancer models.

KRAS is the most frequently mutated oncogene in lung adenocarcinoma, with G12C and G12V being the most predominant forms. Recent breakthroughs in KRASG12C inhibitors have transformed the clinical management of patients with G12C mutation and advanced our understanding of its function. However, little is known about the targeted disruption of KRASG12V, partly due to a lack of specific inhibitors.

Common pitfalls and diagnostic challenges in the application of LI-RADS CT/MRI algorithms: a comprehensive review.

The Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) was developed to standardize the interpretation and reporting of liver observations in at-risk populations, aiding in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite its advantages, the application of LI-RADS can be challenging due to the complexity of liver pathology and imaging interpretation. This comprehensive review highlights common pitfalls encountered in LI-RADS application and offers practical strategies to enhance diagnostic accuracy and consistency among radiologists.

AGA Clinical Practice Update on Screening and Surveillance in Individuals at Increased Risk for Gastric Cancer in the United States: Expert Review.

Description: Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading cause of preventable cancer and mortality in certain US populations. The most impactful way to reduce GC mortality is via primary prevention, namely Helicobacter pylori eradication, and secondary prevention, namely endoscopic screening and surveillance of precancerous conditions, such as gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM). An emerging body of evidence supports the possible impact of these strategies on GC incidence and mortality in identifiable high-risk populations in the United States.

Machine Learning Enabled Prediction of Biologically Relevant Gene Expression Using CT-Based Radiomic Features in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a global health challenge, driving morbidity and mortality. The emerging field of radiogenomics utilizes statistical methods to correlate radiographic tumor features with genomic characteristics from biopsy samples. Radiomic techniques automate the precise extraction of imaging features from tumor regions in radiographic scans, which are subjected to machine learning (ML) to predict genomic attributes.

The Restoration of the Prearthritic Joint Line Does Not Guarantee the Natural Knee Kinematics: A Gait Analysis Evaluation Following Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Background: Unrestricted kinematic alignment (uKA) in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has the theoretical advantage of reproducing patients' constitutional alignment and restoring the pre-arthritic joint line position and obliquity. However, modifications of the original uKA technique have been proposed due to the potential risk of mechanical failure and instability. Given the significant variability in soft tissue behavior within the same bony morphology group, uKA pure knee resurfacing could be occasionally detrimental.

Alcohol-associated hepatitis trends before and following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic across two distinct cohorts in the United States and Hong Kong.

Background & Aims: Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) burden has been rising globally, fueled by increases in high-risk alcohol use following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We evaluated trends in annual incidence of alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) before and following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic across two geographically distinct populations in the USA and Hong Kong.

Methods: Using US national Veterans Affairs (VA) data and Hong Kong territory-wide data, trends in annual incidence of AH were evaluated from 2000 to 2023.

Indications, complications and outcomes of minimally-invasive lateral lumbar interbody fusion with anterior column realignment vs. standard LLIF using expandable interbody spacers.

Background: Anterior column realignment (ACR), using a lateral lumbar or thoracic interbody fusion (LLIF) approach to release the anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL), is a powerful technique to increase segmental lordosis. We here report our experience with the use of expandible LLIF cages for ACR.

Methods: Retrospective, single-center observational cohort study including consecutive patients treated by LLIF using an expandible interbody implant.

Post-Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Right Atrial Pressure and Left Atrial Volume Index Predict Heart Failure and Mortality: Dual Center Experience.

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement affects up to 20% of patients. Understanding factors associated with post-TIPS HF is critical. Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM) is associated with adverse clinical outcomes.

Clinical Relevance of Computational Pathology Analysis of Interplay Between Kidney Microvasculature and Interstitial Microenvironment.

Background: Interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA), and density and shape of peritubular capillaries (PTCs), are independently prognostic of disease progression. This study aimed to identify novel digital biomarkers of disease progression and assess the clinical relevance of the interplay between a variety of PTC characteristics and their microenvironment in glomerular diseases.

Methods: A total of 344 NEPTUNE/CureGN participants were included: 112 minimal change disease, 134 focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, 61 membranous nephropathy, and 37 IgA nephropathy.

Initial Validation of the Mandarin Translation of the Stanford Social Dimensions Scale (SSDS).

This study aimed to validate the Mandarin translation of the Stanford Social Dimensions Scale (SSDS). The initial validation sample consisted of 480 children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) (M = 9.35).

Longitudinal cognitive performance of participants with sporadic early onset Alzheimer's disease from LEADS.

Introduction: Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) manifests prior to the age of 65, and affects 4%-8% of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The current analyses sought to examine longitudinal cognitive trajectories of participants with early-onset dementia.

Methods: Data from 307 cognitively normal (CN) volunteer participants and those with amyloid-positive EOAD or amyloid-negative cognitive impairment (EOnonAD) were compared.

Rapid Sterilization of Clinical Apheresis Blood Products using Ultra-High Dose Rate Radiation.

Background And Objectives: Apheresis platelets products and plasma are essential for medical interventions, but both still have inherent risks associated with contamination and viral transmission. Platelet products are vulnerable to bacterial contamination due to storage conditions, while plasma requires extensive screening to minimize virus transmission risks. Here we investigate rapid irradiation to sterilizing doses for bacteria and viruses as an innovative pathogen reduction technology.

Cognitive dysfunction in Moyamoya disease: latest developments and future directions.

Cognitive dysfunction is common in Moyamoya disease (MMD). However, current knowledge of cognitive impairment in MMD is inadequate. In this review, we explored the characteristics of altered cognitive function associated with MMD and offered recommendations aimed at guiding potential research endeavors into the cognitive dysfunction in MMD.

Caring for young adult men with inflammatory bowel disease: Clinician and patient perspectives.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) presents unique challenges for young adult men that extend beyond physical symptoms, encompassing psychosocial dimensions affecting all aspects of life. This article draws insights from a roundtable discussion facilitated by the Crohn's and Colitis Young Adults Network (CCYAN), focusing on the experiences of young men living with IBD. It sheds light on the intersections of IBD and men's sexual and reproductive health, fertility, and mental well-being while identifying gaps in care.

Developing Practice Guidelines on Chest Masculinization: Designing Male Neo-nipple-Areolar Complex.

Background: Successful nipple-areolar complex (NAC) reconstruction greatly influences patient outcomes for transgender patients undergoing chest masculinization. Despite the recent rise in case volume, little is known on designing the ideal NAC that maintains its aesthetics in dynamic settings. This study aimed to examine the characteristics of male NACs and their dimensional variability to help develop guidelines on designing the neo-NAC.

Readability of Patient-reported Outcome Measures Used in Plastic Surgery.

Background: Patient-reported outcomes are essential to understanding success in plastic surgery procedures, many that aim to improve quality of life. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) should be written at or below the sixth-grade reading level recommended by the American Medical Association. This study aimed to evaluate the readability of plastic surgery PROMs.

Impact of dopamine deficiency and REM sleep behavior disorder on cognition in early neuronal synuclein disease with hyposmia.

Objectives: To determine the impact of dopamine deficiency and isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) on cognitive performance in early neuronal alpha-synuclein disease (NSD) with hyposmia.

Methods: Using Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative baseline data, cognitive performance was assessed with a cognitive summary score (CSS) developed by applying regression-based internal norms derived from a robust healthy control (HC) group. Performance was examined for participants with hyposmia classified as NSD-Integrated Staging System (NSD-ISS) Stage 2, either Stage 2A (CSF alpha-synuclein seed amplification assay [SAA]+, SPECT dopamine transporter scan [DaTscan]-) or 2B (SAA+, DaTscan+).

Effect of Anatomic Variations in the Anterior Tibial Artery on Risk of Injury During Orthopaedic Knee Surgeries.

Background: Injury to the posterior vasculature is a potential complication in orthopaedic knee surgery that may be associated with variations in its anatomy, such as the type II-A2 variant, which places the anterior tibial artery (ATA) in closer proximity to the tibia. However, how close surgical instrumentation comes to injuring the ATA is not well described.

Purpose: To determine how the type II-A2 variant of the popliteal vasculature affects proximity of the ATA to instrumentation for orthopaedic knee procedures.

Differences in baseline cognitive performance between participants with early-onset and late-onset Alzheimer's disease: Comparison of LEADS and ADNI.

Introduction: Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) and late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) share similar amyloid etiology, but evidence from smaller-scale studies suggests that they manifest differently clinically. Current analyses sought to contrast the cognitive profiles of EOAD and LOAD.

Methods: Z-score cognitive-domain composites for 311 amyloid-positive sporadic EOAD and 314 amyloid-positive LOAD participants were calculated from baseline data from age-appropriate control cohorts.

Sex and APOE ε4 allele differences in longitudinal white matter microstructure in multiple cohorts of aging and Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: The effects of sex and apolipoprotein E (APOE)-Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk factors-on white matter microstructure are not well characterized.

Methods: Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data from nine well-established longitudinal cohorts of aging were free water (FW)-corrected and harmonized. This dataset included 4741 participants (age = 73.

Plasma Viral Load of 200 Copies/mL is a Suitable Threshold to Define Viral Suppression and HIV Drug Resistance Testing in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Evidence From a Facility-Based Study in Cameroon.

Introduction: In low-and-middle-income-countries (LMIC), viral suppression is defined as plasma viral load (PVL) below 1000 copies/mL (low-level viremia [LLV]) and threshold for HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) testing. However, there is evidence that drug resistance mutations (DRMs) may emerge at LLV, thus compromising antiretroviral treatment (ART) response We evaluated sequencing success rates (SSR) at LLV, described HIVDR profiles and adequacy with potential efficacy of tenofovir-lamivudine-dolutegravir (TLD).

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among individuals with LLV at the Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre, Yaoundé, Cameroon from January 2020 through August 2021.

Developmental phenotype and quality of life in SLC13A5 citrate transporter disorder.

Aim: To describe the neurodevelopment and quality of life in SLC13A5 (solute carrier family 13 member 5) citrate transporter disorder (developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 25, DEE25), a rare genetic early infantile epileptic encephalopathy caused by deficiency of a sodium-citrate transporter, characterized by heavy seizure burden in the neonatal period.

Method: We analyzed longitudinal neurodevelopmental outcomes from a prospective natural history study of DEE25, using standardized assessments of Mullen Scales of Early Learning, Peabody Developmental Motor Scales, and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales.

Results: There was significant global impairment across the cohort, with variable quality of life and limited genotype-phenotype correlation.