50 results match your criteria: "Stanford Center for Population Health Sciences[Affiliation]"

FAIR enough: Building an academic data ecosystem to make real-world data available for translational research.

J Clin Transl Sci

May 2024

The Stanford Center for Population Health Sciences, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.

The Stanford Population Health Sciences Data Ecosystem was created to facilitate the use of large datasets containing health records from hundreds of millions of individuals. This necessitated technical solutions optimized for an academic medical center to manage and share high-risk data at scale. Through collaboration with internal and external partners, we have built a Data Ecosystem to host, curate, and share data with hundreds of users in a secure and compliant manner.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

This paper is a summary of key presentations from a workshop in Iceland on May 3-4, 2023 arranged by Aarhus University and with participation of the below-mentioned scientists. Below you will find the key messages from the presentations made by: Professor Jan Vandenbroucke, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Emeritus Professor, Leiden University; Honorary Professor, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, UKProfessor, Chair Henrik Toft Sørensen, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University and Aarhus University Hospital, DenmarkProfessor David H. Rehkopf, Director, the Stanford Center for Population Health Sciences, Stanford University, CA.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Breast cancer survivors may have increased risk of subsequent haematologic cancer. We compared their risk of haematologic cancers with the general population during 38 years of follow-up.

Methods: Using population-based Danish medical registries, we assembled a nationwide cohort of women diagnosed with incident non-metastatic breast cancer during 1980-2017, with follow-up through 2018.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Introduction: We investigated the associations between antecedent all-cause CVD diagnoses, cause-specific CVD diagnosis, and CVD medication prescriptions with the risk of developing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Materials And Methods: We conducted a population-based case-control study of U.S.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Racial/ethnic disparities during the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemic led to differences in COVID-19 testing and adverse outcomes. We examine differences in testing and adverse outcomes by race/ethnicity and sex across a geographically diverse and system-based COVID-19 cohort collaboration.

Methods: Observational study among adults (≥18 years) within six US cohorts from March 1, 2020 to August 31, 2020 using data from electronic health record and patient reporting.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Importance: Understanding the severity of postvaccination SARS-CoV-2 (ie, COVID-19) breakthrough illness among people with HIV (PWH) can inform vaccine guidelines and risk-reduction recommendations.

Objective: To estimate the rate and risk of severe breakthrough illness among vaccinated PWH and people without HIV (PWoH) who experience a breakthrough infection.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this cohort study, the Corona-Infectious-Virus Epidemiology Team (CIVET-II) collaboration included adults (aged ≥18 years) with HIV who were receiving care and were fully vaccinated by June 30, 2021, along with PWoH matched according to date fully vaccinated, age group, race, ethnicity, and sex from 4 US integrated health systems and academic centers.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objective: To compare the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes by antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens among men with HIV.

Design: We included men with HIV on ART in the Veterans Aging Cohort Study who, between February 2020 and October 2021, were 18 years or older and had adequate virological control, CD4 + cell count, and HIV viral load measured in the previous 12 months, and no previous COVID-19 diagnosis or vaccination.

Methods: We compared the adjusted risks of documented severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, COVID-19-related hospitalization, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission by baseline ART regimen: tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)/emtricitabine (FTC), tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)/FTC, abacavir (ABC)/lamivudine (3TC), and other.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Importance: Recommendations for additional doses of COVID-19 vaccines for people with HIV (PWH) are restricted to those with advanced disease or unsuppressed HIV viral load. Understanding SARS-CoV-2 infection risk after vaccination among PWH is essential for informing vaccination guidelines.

Objective: To estimate the rate and risk of breakthrough infections among fully vaccinated PWH and people without HIV (PWoH) in the United States.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Long COVID and Medicine's Two Cultures.

Am J Med

August 2022

Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco.

Medicine has separated the two cultures of biological science and social science in research, even though they are intimately connected in the lives of our patients. To understand the cause, progression, and treatment of long COVID , biology and biography, the patient's lived experience, must be studied together.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Long working hours and fatigue are significant occupational safety and health (OSH) hazards for working populations who experience disproportionate risks of injury and illness. These groups include young or new workers, aging workers, contingent and temporary workers, immigrant and nonnative workers, female workers, minority workers, workers with low levels of education and lower socioeconomic status, and small business employees. An increasing focus on newer determinants of health in the workplace, such as health equity and work-life conflict, in worker populations at greater risk for injury or illness, provides an opportunity for researchers to address the causes and consequences of work-related fatigue in high-risk populations.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The taboo gap: implications for adolescent risk of HIV infection.

Lancet Child Adolesc Health

March 2022

Global Center for Gender Equality, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Electronic address:

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • The coronavirus pandemic has significantly affected racial and ethnic minority communities in the U.S., with changes in these disparities observed over time across different regions.
  • Using data from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, researchers analyzed over 1.3 million individuals tested for COVID-19 to understand these disparities better.
  • Findings revealed that disparities were most significant at the pandemic's start but decreased over time, particularly for Hispanic individuals, while the disparity among Asian individuals flipped by March 2021, highlighting the need for targeted prevention strategies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Primary care is the largest healthcare delivery platform in the US. Facing the Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning technology (AI/ML) revolution, the primary care community would benefit from a roadmap revealing priority areas and opportunities for developing and integrating AI/ML-driven clinical tools. This article presents a framework that identifies five domains for AI/ML integration in primary care to support care delivery transformation and achieve the Quintuple Aims of the healthcare system.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Differences in COVID-19 Risk by Race and County-Level Social Determinants of Health among Veterans.

Int J Environ Res Public Health

December 2021

VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.

COVID-19 disparities by area-level social determinants of health (SDH) have been a significant public health concern and may also be impacting U.S. Veterans.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Importance: Recommendations for additional doses of COVID vaccine are restricted to people with HIV who have advanced disease or unsuppressed HIV viral load. Understanding SARS-CoV-2 infection risk post-vaccination among PWH is essential for informing vaccination guidelines.

Objective: Estimate the risk of breakthrough infections among fully vaccinated people with (PWH) and without (PWoH) HIV in the US.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Importance: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected every aspect of medical care, including surgical treatment. It is critical to understand the association of government policies and infection burden with surgical access across the United States.

Objective: To describe the change in surgical procedure volume in the US after the government-suggested shutdown and subsequent peak surge in volume of patients with COVID-19.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Upstream oil and gas production and ambient air pollution in California.

Sci Total Environ

February 2022

Department of Earth System Science, School of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Background: Prior studies have found that residential proximity to upstream oil and gas production is associated with increased risk of adverse health outcomes. Emissions of ambient air pollutants from oil and gas wells in the preproduction and production stages have been proposed as conferring risk of adverse health effects, but the extent of air pollutant emissions and resulting nearby pollution concentrations from wells is not clear.

Objectives: We examined the effects of upstream oil and gas preproduction (count of drilling sites) and production (total volume of oil and gas) activities on concentrations of five ambient air pollutants in California.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Clinical and translational medicine studies of disease risk or treatment response typically include a table 1 comparing groups on age, sex, and race and/or ethnicity. Although customarily treated as biological variables, each denote biography, elements of a person's lived experience. Capturing these biographical features is essential to achieving the ambition of personalized medicine.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Introduction: The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) is the largest provider of HIV care in the United States. Changes in healthcare delivery became necessary with the COVID-19 pandemic. We compared HIV healthcare delivery during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic to a prior similar calendar period.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Biosocial Medicine, with its emphasis on the full integration of the person's biology and biography, proposes a strategy for clinical research and the practice of medicine that is transformative for the care of individual patients. In this paper, we argue that Biology is one component of what makes a person unique, but it does not do so alone. Biography, the lived experience of the person, integrates with biology to create a unique signature for each individual and is the foundational concept on which Biosocial Medicine is based.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Protease inhibitor-based direct-acting antivirals are associated with increased risk of aminotransferase elevations but not hepatic dysfunction or decompensation.

J Hepatol

December 2021

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Center for Pharmacoepidemiology Research and Training, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates the risk of acute liver injury (ALI) in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with protease inhibitor (PI)-based versus non-PI-based direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapies, focusing on baseline fibrosis levels.
  • A cohort of 18,498 patients was analyzed to compare outcomes such as elevated ALT levels and severe hepatic dysfunction, using Cox regression for hazard ratios.
  • Results showed that while patients on PI-based therapies exhibited higher risk of ALT >200 U/L in both low and high fibrosis groups, there was no significant difference in severe hepatic dysfunction or hepatic decompensation compared to those on non-PI regimens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Migraine-an episodic disorder characterized by severe headache that can lead to disability-affects over 1 billion people worldwide. Prior studies have found that short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO), and ozone increases risk of migraine-related emergency department (ED) visits. Our objective was to characterize the association between long-term exposure to sources of harmful emissions and common air pollutants with both migraine headache and, among patients with migraine, headache severity.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF