Gold nanomaterials as key suppliers in biological and chemical sensing, catalysis, and medicine.

Background: Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with unique physicochemical properties have received a great deal of interest in the field of biological, chemical and biomedical implementations. Despite the widespread use of AuNPs in chemical and biological sensing, catalysis, imaging and diagnosis, and more recently in therapy, no comprehensive summary has been provided to explain how AuNPs could aid in developing improved sensing and catalysts systems as well as medical settings.

Scope Of Review: The chemistry of Au-based nanosystems was followed by reviewing different applications of Au nanomaterials in biological and chemical sensing, catalysis, imaging and diagnosis by a number of approaches, and finally synergistic combination therapy of different cancers.

The effect of aluminum oxide on red blood cell integrity and hemoglobin structure at nanoscale.

Herein, we explored the interaction of AlO NPs with RBCs and Hb to determine the effect of AlO NPs on hemolytic activity and Hb denaturation. The percentage of hemolysis of extracts and direct contact assays triggered by AlO NPs was calculated by determining supernatant Hb concentration at 540 nm. Far-UV CD and Trp/ANS/acrylamide fluorescence spectroscopic methods were used to determine the structural changes of Hb upon interaction with AlO NPs.

A Molecular Study on Hepatozoon canis Infection in Dogs in Tehran (Iran).

Hepatozoonosis is a protozoal disease caused by various species of Hepatozoon. This parasite is transmitted from tick; the main vector of Hepatozoon canis is usually the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus). However, several species of ticks are disposed as the alternative vectors.

Improving the qualitative indicators of apple juice by and ultrasound.

Today's consumers desire for tasty, nutritious, and safe food products, so researchers are looking for new ways in which little heat or no heat at all is used for processing. This study was to evaluate the effect of treatment using an ultrasonic bath (for 15, 30, and 60 min at 40 and 60°C) and ultrasonic probe (for 10, 15, and 20 min at 40 and 60°C), treatment with and combination of them on the quality of apple juice that includes physicochemical features (pH, acidity, total solid matter), total polyphenol, total antioxidant capacity, the cloud point, and color values of Hunter (*, *, *) in the treated samples and comparing them with each other. The results showed that ultrasound has no effect on the pH and acidity, while the total solid of ultrasound treatment was higher than controls in combination with ( < 0.

Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic study of pesticides removal from water using novel glucamine-calix[4]arene functionalized magnetic graphene oxide.

A novel nanocomposite of MGO-NGC, composed of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (M), graphene oxide (GO), and N-methyl-d-glucamine functionalized calix[4]arene (NGC), was synthesized and applied as an effective adsorbent for the removal of two selected pesticides, namely hexaconazole and chlorpyrifos from water samples. The adsorbent was characterized by FTIR, SEM, EDX, TEM, and XRD. The main parameters affecting the adsorption process such as adsorbent dosage, pH of sample solution, salt effect, pesticide concentration, and adsorption time were investigated.

A health concern regarding the protein corona, aggregation and disaggregation.

Nanoparticle (NP)-protein complexes exhibit the "correct identity" of NP in biological media. Therefore, protein-NP interactions should be closely explored to understand and modulate the nature of NPs in medical implementations. This review focuses mainly on the physicochemical parameters such as dimension, surface chemistry, morphology of NPs, and influence of pH on the formation of protein corona and conformational changes of adsorbed proteins by different kinds of techniques.

Amorphous aggregation of tau in the presence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles: biophysical, computational, and cellular studies.

Background: Nanoparticles (NPs) when injected into the body can reach target tissues like nervous system and interact with tau proteins and neurons. This can trigger conformational changes of tau and may affect NP toxicity.

Methods: In this study, we used several biophysical techniques (extrinsic and intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectroscopy), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations, molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies, and cellular assays [3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) and flow cytometry) to reveal how structural changes of tau protein can change the cytotoxicity of titanium dioxide (TiO) NPs against neuron-like cells (SH-SY5Y) cells.

The effects of nickel oxide nanoparticles on tau protein and neuron-like cells: Biothermodynamics and molecular studies.

Herein, the thermodynamic parameters of tau upon interaction with NiO NPs were determined by fluorescence spectroscopy. Also, molecular docking studies were run to explore the binding affinities of NiO NPs clusters with different sizes of 30 Å and 50 Å toward tau. Also, cytotoxic activity of NiO NPs against SH-SY5Y was determined by MTT, LDH, caspase-9/3 activity, and expression of apoptotic Bax and Bcl-2 genes assays.

Determination of some red dyes in food samples using a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent-based vortex assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography.

A simple, sensitive, efficient and rapid method was developed based on vortex assisted deep eutectic solvent dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (VA-DES-DLLME) of five commonly used synthetic red dyes (amaranth, ponceau 4R, allura red, azorubine, and erythrosine) in food samples and simultaneous determination by high performance liquid chromatography. The novel hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent was readily prepared by mixing thymol as hydrogen bonding donor and benzyltriethylammonium chloride as hydrogen bonding acceptor at 70 °C for 15 min. Affecting parameters on VA-DES-DLLME were evaluated and optimized.

Albumin binding and anticancer effect of magnesium oxide nanoparticles.

Background: Recently, nanomaterials have moved into biological and medicinal implementations like cancer therapy. Therefore, before clinical trials, their binding to plasma proteins like human serum albumin (HSA) and their cytotoxic effects against normal and cancer cell lines should be addressed.

Methods: Herein, the interaction of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) with HSA was studied by means of fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, and docking studies.

Albumin binding, anticancer and antibacterial properties of synthesized zero valent iron nanoparticles.

Background: Nanoparticles (NPs) have been emerging as potential players in modern medicine with clinical applications ranging from therapeutic purposes to antimicrobial agents. However, before applications in medical agents, some in vitro studies should be done to explore their biological responses.

Aim: In this study, protein binding, anticancer and antibacterial activates of zero valent iron (ZVFe) were explored.

Adsorption and in vitro release study of curcumin form polyethyleneglycol functionalized multi walled carbon nanotube: kinetic and isotherm study.

Polyethylene glycol functionalized with oxygenated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (O-PEG-MWCNTs) as an efficient nanomaterial for the in vitro adsorption/release of curcumin (CUR) anticancer agent. The synthesized material was morphologically characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, the CUR adsorption process was assessed with kinetic and isotherm models fitting well with pseudo-second order and Langmuir isotherms.

Cancer diagnosis using nanomaterials based electrochemical nanobiosensors.

Cancer is one of the most important causes of mortality in the world, which can be severely reduced by early detection to avoid future problems in the field of economics and mental health. Hence, electrochemical nanobiosensors as portable devices for rapid detection of  cancer biomarkers, have found an important place in clinical medicine for diagnosis, managements or cancer screening. Although, these biosensors have been receiving attention in the recent years, their principles are unchanged.

Biophysical, bioinformatical, cellular, and molecular investigations on the effects of graphene oxide nanosheets on the hemoglobin structure and lymphocyte cell cytotoxicity.

Background: Implementations of nanoparticles have been receiving great interest in medicine and technology due to their unique characteristics. However, their toxic impacts on the biological system are not well explored.

Aim: This study aims to investigate the influence of fabricated nano graphene oxide (NGO) sheets on the secondary and quaternary structural alterations of human hemoglobin (Hb) and cytotoxicity against lymphocyte cells.

Biophysical, docking, and cellular studies on the effects of cerium oxide nanoparticles on blood components: in vitro.

Introduction: The application of nanoparticles (NPs) in medicine and biology has received great interest due to their novel features. However, their adverse effects on the biological system are not well understood.

Materials And Methods: This study aims to evaluate the effect of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs) on conformational changes of human hemoglobin (HHb) and lymphocytes by different spectroscopic (intrinsic and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy and far and near circular dichroism [CD] spectroscopy), docking and cellular (MTT and flow cytometry) investigations.

New insights into the selective inhibition of the β-carbonic anhydrases of pathogenic bacteria Burkholderia pseudomallei and Francisella tularensis: a proteochemometrics study.

Nowadays, antibiotic resistance has turned into one of the most important worldwide health problems. Biological end point of critical enzymes induced by potent inhibitors is recently being considered as a highly effective and popular strategy to defeat antibiotic-resistant pathogens. For instance, the simple but critical β-carbonic anhydrase has recently been in the center of attention for anti-pathogen drug discoveries.

Titanium oxide nanoparticles fabrication, hemoglobin interaction, white blood cells cytotoxicity, and antibacterial studies.

This study is focused on the fabrication and characterization of titanium oxide (TiO) NPs. Afterwards; the interaction of TiO NPs with human hemoglobin (Hb) was investigated by FTIR spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and molecular docking studies. Also, the cytotoxic effect of fabricated TiO NPs against human white blood cells (WBCs) was considered by MTT assay.

Novel magnetic graphene oxide functionalized cyanopropyl nanocomposite as an adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous media: equilibrium and kinetic studies.

This work presents the synthesis of the novel silica-cyanopropyl functionalized magnetic graphene oxide (MGO/SiO-CN) hybrid nanomaterial derived by sol-gel method as a cheap efficient magnetic sorbent for the removal of extremely hazardous lead ions from aqueous media. The integration of the magnetic property, the carbon substrate, and the nitrile (-C ≡ N) containing organic grafted silica matrix promoted the adsorption capability against lead ions along with its simple synthesis recovery and low cost. The prepared nanocomposite was comprehensively characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.

Cobalt oxide nanoparticles mediate tau denaturation and cytotoxicity against PC-12 cell line.

It has not been well explored how NPs may induce some adverse effects on the biological systems. In this research, the interaction of cobalt oxide NPs (CoO NPs) with tau protein and PC-12 cell line, as nervous system models, was investigated with several approaches including fluorescence spectroscopy, CD spectroscopy, docking study, MTT, LDH, AO/EB dual staining, and flow cytometry assays. Fluorescence investigation displayed that CoO NPs spontaneously mediate the formation of a static complex with tau protein through hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces.

Interaction of silica nanoparticles with tau proteins and PC12 cells: Colloidal stability, thermodynamic, docking, and cellular studies.

Study on the side effects of the nanoparticles (NPs) can provide useful information regarding their biological and medical applications. Herein, the colloidal stability of the silicon dioxide NPs (SiO NPs) in the absence and presence of tau was investigated by TEM and DLS techniques. Afterwards, the thermodynamic parameters of interaction between SiO NPs and tau were determined by fluorescence spectroscopy and docking studies.

Determination of three tetracyclines in bovine milk using magnetic solid phase extraction in tandem with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with HPLC.

A novel analytical method namely magnetic solid phase extraction in tandem with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction was developed and used for the extraction/preconcentration of tetracycline (TCN), oxytetracycline (OTC) and doxycycline (DC) from bovine milk sample before HPLC-UV analysis. The β-cyclodextrin functionalized silica-coated magnetic graphene oxide (FeO@SiO@GO-β-CD) was used as an adsorbent. The adsorbent was fully characterized using FT-IR, SEM, EDX and Zeta potential techniques.

Heme degradation and iron release of hemoglobin and oxidative stress of lymphocyte cells in the presence of silica nanoparticles.

Silica nanoparticles (SiO NPs) have been widely used in the medical and food sciences. However, their toxic effects against bio-macromolecules and cells are not well understood. The present study was aimed to investigate the adverse effects of fabricated SiO NPs on the human hemoglobin (Hb) by FTIR, CD, fluorescence, and UV-vis spectroscopic techniques.

2-Naphthalenthiol derivatization followed by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction as an efficient and sensitive method for determination of acrylamide in bread and biscuit samples using high-performance liquid chromatography.

In this research, an ultrasonic-assisted extraction followed by 2-naphthalenthiol derivatization and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of acrylamide (AA) was developed as simple and sensitive sample preparation method for AA in bread and biscuit samples using high performance liquid chromatography. Influence of derivatization and microextraction parameters were evaluated and optimized. Results showed that the derivatization of AA leads to improve its hydrophobicity and chromatographic behavior.

Electromembrane extraction of biogenic amines in food samples by a microfluidic-chip system followed by dabsyl derivatization prior to high performance liquid chromatography analysis.

In the present research, an on-chip electromembrane extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography was developed for monitoring the trace levels of biogenic amines (BAs), including histamine, tryptamine, putrescine, cadaverine and spermidine in food samples. A porous polypropylene sheet membrane impregnated with an organic solvent was placed between the two parts of the chip device to separate the channels. Two platinum electrodes were mounted at the bottom of these channels, which were connected to a power supply, providing the electrical driving force for migration of ionized analytes from the sample solution through the porous sheet membrane into the acceptor phase.

Dose-Dependent Effects of Common Antibiotics Used to Treat on Biofilm Formation.

Background & Objective: especially methicillin-resistant (MRSA), represent serious nosocomial and community infections. Biofilm formation as an important virulence factor may be affected by sub-inhibitory levels of antibiotics. Few studies examined the effects of all therapeutic antimicrobial agents on clinical The current study aimed at observing the inducing and reducing effects of antibiotics, commonly used to treat staphylococcal infections on the production of staphylococcal biofilm.