4,749 results match your criteria: "St.George Hospital[Affiliation]"
Pathophysiology of Bullous Pemphigoid: Role of Type 2 Inflammation and Emerging Treatment Strategies (Narrative Review).
Adv Ther
December 2024
Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune blistering disease mainly seen in older adults, significantly affecting their quality of life.
- The disease involves autoantibodies against specific proteins and displays characteristics of type 2 inflammation, including high levels of IgE and eosinophils, along with increased type 2 cytokines in skin lesions.
- This review highlights the pathophysiology of BP, the impact of biologics targeting type 2 immune mediators, and the potential for future targeted therapies to improve treatment options.
Sacrocolpopexy: The Way I Do It.
Int Urogynecol J
November 2024
Royal Brisbane and Women's and Wesley Hospitals, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Introduction And Hypothesis: Sacrocolpopexy (SCP) is an established surgical procedure for apical vaginal vault prolapse. There remains significant variation amongst surgeons in both the surgical steps and concomitant surgeries utilised when undertaking an SCP.
Methods: This review article is aimed at summarising the evidence and providing a detailed update of SCP in modern practice, reviewing contemporary evidence behind its indications, efficacy, outcomes, surgical steps, and complications.
How can the benefits of dietetic care be integrated into the treatment of patients undergoing alcohol withdrawal?
Drug Alcohol Rev
October 2024
School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.
Corrigendum to "Operational recommendations for the implementation of home parenteral nutrition program of care according to the guidelines of the European society for clinical nutrition and metabolism" [Clin Nutr ESPEN 63 (2024) 668-675].
Clin Nutr ESPEN
December 2024
Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
Australian males and females have similar rates of presentation for symptomatic and advanced thyroid cancer: Retrospective analysis of the Australian New Zealand Thyroid Cancer Registry.
World J Surg
December 2024
The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.
Article Synopsis
- Thyroid cancer is more frequently diagnosed in women, but there are ongoing debates about whether this is due to real biological differences or simply over-diagnosis, particularly when it comes to how symptoms present across genders.
- The study analyzed data from the Australian and New Zealand Thyroid Cancer Registry between 2017 and 2022, comparing symptomatic cases (such as those with compressing symptoms and Graves' disease) to incidental cases (like asymptomatic goiters or nodules found during surgery).
- Results showed similar rates of symptomatic presentation between males (32%) and females (38%), but males had a higher prevalence of high-risk thyroid cancers, while females had a greater prevalence of low-risk cancers, suggesting that symptoms may indicate a more advanced disease
Role of the Gut Microbiome in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.
Semin Liver Dis
November 2024
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St George Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
Article Synopsis
- - The global prevalence of Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is increasing, but effective treatments are still scarce.
- - Research is focusing on the connection between the gut microbiome and MASLD, with the potential for gut-targeted therapies to help manage or prevent the disease.
- - This review will explore how the gut microbiome's structure and function relate to MASLD, evaluate gut microbiome signatures for diagnosing disease severity, and look into both current and potential therapies targeting the interactions between the gut microbiome and liver.
Determinants of Patient-Rated Benefit 6 Months Post Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: An Analysis of 2010 Patients.
J Am Acad Orthop Surg
February 2025
From the Orthopaedic Research Institute, St George Hospital Campus, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to identify factors that predict how much benefit patients feel after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair from pre-surgery to 6 months post-surgery.
- Data from 2010 patients revealed that 84% experienced a self-reported benefit, with those rating their shoulder poorly before surgery seeing the most improvement.
- Key factors linked to greater patient-rated benefits included lower shoulder stiffness, stronger internal rotation strength, injury unrelated to work, being female, a more strenuous job prior to injury, larger tear size, and weaker abduction strength.
3dct Conduit and Oesophageal Metrics, a Valuable Method to Diagnose Post Sleeve Gastrectomy Abnormalities.
Obes Surg
November 2024
Upper GI Unit, Department of Surgery, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates how reflux after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) could be linked to specific anatomical anomalies in the stomach, using 3DCT scans for a clearer understanding of gastric structure.
- Researchers analyzed 64 post-LSG patients, focusing on factors like body mass index (BMI), symptoms, and detailed 3DCT measurements to identify abnormalities that may lead to complications.
- Results indicated that certain measurements, such as gastric volume and specific ratios, could help define post-LSG issues and potentially predict the success of follow-up surgeries.
A review of whole gland prostate brachytherapy with focal dose escalation to intra-prostatic lesions: Clinical efficacy and technical aspects.
Phys Imaging Radiat Oncol
October 2024
School of Physics, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
Focal boost to intra-prostatic lesions (IPLs) in radiotherapy could enhance treatment efficacy. Brachytherapy (BT), delivering highly conformal dose with sharp dose gradients emerges as a potentially optimal approach for precise dose escalation to IPLs. This study aims to consolidate clinical and planning studies that implemented whole gland prostate BT and focal dose escalation to IPLs, with the view to synthesize evidence on the strategy's effectiveness and variability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProactive assessment of patient reported outcomes in ovarian cancer studies: a systematic review and call for action in future studies.
Int J Gynecol Cancer
January 2025
Medical Oncology & Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Objective: This systematic review aims to evaluate the proactive or real-time assessment of patient reported outcomes in studies involving patients with ovarian cancer undergoing systemic therapy.
Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched (from database inception until February 2022), and prospective ovarian cancer studies (experimental or observational) that incorporated patient reported outcomes, including quality of life, were included. The primary objective was to assess the ratio of studies incorporating real-time use of patient reported outcomes among those studies performing patient reported outcomes.
Sepsis associated acute kidney injury is common among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders with septic shock and has poor outcomes: A nested cohort study.
Nephrology (Carlton)
December 2024
The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Article Synopsis
- The study examined Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) and sepsis-associated AKI among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people using data from a randomized controlled trial focused on septic shock.
- Of the 57 participants, a significant majority (91.2%) experienced at least Stage 1 AKI, with 63% in Stage 3, and a higher need for dialysis compared to a matched cohort.
- The rates of Major Adverse Kidney Events (MAKE) were notably high, indicating that there is an urgent need for improved management of infectious diseases in First Nations communities.
Metabolic outcomes in women 6 months and 2 years after preeclampsia versus normotensive pregnancy: A P4 study.
Clin Obes
February 2025
Discipline of Women's Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Preeclampsia is associated with an increased risk of long-term cardiometabolic disease; however, little is known regarding metabolic factors in the early postpartum years potentially contributing to these health disparities. This study aimed to compare body composition, serum biochemical parameters, energy balance and diet 6 months and 2 years after normotensive pregnancy versus preeclampsia. This is the longitudinal metabolic sub-study of the Postpartum Physiology, Psychology and Paediatric cohort study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAustralian adaptation and external validation of Commissioning for Quality in Rheumatoid Arthritis-RA-Patient Reported Experience Measure (CQRA-RA-PREM).
Rheumatol Adv Pract
August 2024
School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Article Synopsis
- * Researchers asked patients about the survey and made changes based on their feedback, then many patients filled it out to gather results.
- * The results showed that the survey is a good way to measure how patients feel about their care, and it gives a useful score that can help doctors understand their patients better.
Adherence to Evidence-Based Guidelines and Implications When Designing Electronic Documentation for Urinary Catheters.
J Clin Nurs
October 2024
Curtin University School of Nursing, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia.
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the point prevalence and the rate of adherence to evidence-based guidelines for patients who had indwelling urinary catheters in three Australian acute care hospitals.
Design: A cross-sectional observational design was used.
Methods: A multisite cross-sectional observational design was utilised in three acute hospitals across Australia.
INTEGRATE IIa Phase III Study: Regorafenib for Refractory Advanced Gastric Cancer.
J Clin Oncol
October 2024
Nelune Cancer Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Article Synopsis
- Regorafenib, an oral multikinase inhibitor, was tested in the INTEGRATE IIa trial to see if it improves overall survival in patients with advanced gastric and esophagogastric junction cancer who did not respond to at least two prior treatments.
- The trial compared regorafenib plus supportive care against a placebo with supportive care, enrolling 251 participants and evaluating various outcomes like overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and quality of life (QoL).
- Results showed that regorafenib significantly improved OS and PFS compared to placebo, with a median OS of 4.5 months for those receiving regorafenib versus 4.0 months for those on placebo, while also
The case for eliminating excessive worry as a requirement for generalized anxiety disorder: a cross-national investigation.
Psychol Med
October 2024
Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Article Synopsis
- A large-scale, cross-national study examined the impact of removing the "excessiveness" requirement for diagnosing generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) among individuals living in challenging circumstances.
- Data from over 133,000 adults across various income countries revealed that eliminating this criterion raises the global prevalence of GAD from 2.6% to 4.0%, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
- Non-excessive worriers, while less severe, exhibit similar socio-demographic traits and impairment levels as excessive worriers, indicating they are significant cases deserving diagnosis and treatment.
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli causes significant urothelial damage in an ex vivo porcine bladder model, with no protective effect observed from cranberry or d-mannose.
Pathog Dis
February 2024
School of Biomedical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs), primarily caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), have an unclear impact on bladder mucosal physiology. This study investigates UPEC's effects on the urothelium and lamina propria using an ex vivo porcine bladder model. Bladder mucosal strips were analysed for contractile responses to acetylcholine, serotonin, and neurokinin A.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomarkers to Inform Prognosis and Treatment for Unresectable or Metastatic GEP-NENs.
JAMA Oncol
December 2024
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Article Synopsis
- Evidence-based treatment for advanced gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) requires personalized decisions that take into account individual patient and cancer characteristics. !* -
- A multidisciplinary panel reviewed 131 publications to develop a guidance document with 24 recommendations and 5 good clinical practice statements focusing on diagnostic features and biomarkers for managing unresectable or metastatic GEP-NENs. !* -
- The document emphasizes treatment strategies based on tumor characteristics and specific biomarkers, and it received endorsements from major neuroendocrine tumor organizations. !*
Breast Implant-Related EBV + Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma-Case Report and Review of the Literature.
Int J Surg Pathol
October 2024
Department of Breast/Endocrine Surgery, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Article Synopsis
- - Lymphomas related to breast implants are uncommon, primarily involving anaplastic large-cell lymphomas of T-cell origin, with rare cases of B-cell lymphomas.
- - The report focuses on a 72-year-old woman who experienced pain and worries about her implants, leading to imaging that revealed lymphoma.
- - She was treated through the removal of her implants, the surrounding tissue, and received additional chemotherapy.
A Case of Hidradenitis Suppurativa Responsive to Testosterone Replacement Therapy.
Indian Dermatol Online J
August 2024
Department of Dermatology, St George Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Scoring Criteria for Autoimmune Bullous Diseases: Utility, Merits, and Demerits.
Indian Dermatol Online J
August 2024
Department of Dermatology, St. George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Article Synopsis
- Standardized scoring systems are crucial in dermatology for objectively measuring disease severity, treatment outcomes, and facilitating comparisons, especially in autoimmune blistering diseases (AIBDs), where consensus on these methods is lacking.
- The literature review examines various existing scoring systems for AIBDs, assessing their validity, reliability, and responsiveness to evaluate their effectiveness in clinical settings and research.
- Ultimately, understanding these scoring systems is vital for accurately defining endpoints in clinical trials and regulatory considerations, leading to improved patient care in AIBDs.
Management of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome in Australia and New Zealand (SAGE-ANZ): An observational study.
Crit Care Resusc
September 2024
Intensive Care Unit, St George Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in ICU patients from Australia and New Zealand, focusing on patient characteristics and management practices during a multi-center analysis.
- Among the 200 participants, the average age was 55.5 years; notable findings included a low adherence to lung protective ventilation (only 10.5% on day one) and significant use of adjunctive therapies like systemic steroids.
- The in-hospital mortality rate by day 28 was 30.5%, highlighting the need for improved implementation of established treatment protocols in ARDS care.
Natural language processing in the intensive care unit: A scoping review.
Crit Care Resusc
September 2024
St George Hospital, NSW, Australia.
Article Synopsis
- Natural language processing (NLP) is a part of AI aimed at helping computers understand text data, and while it's useful in critical care, it's not widely utilized in clinical research or quality improvement.
- A scoping review was conducted, analyzing 87 studies from the past decade, primarily focused on using NLP to predict clinical outcomes like mortality and identify specific concepts in intensive care.
- Most articles discussed the development of NLP algorithms, but very few covered real-world implementation, emphasizing the need for greater clinician awareness to enhance practical applications in healthcare settings.
Impact of Nebulized BromAc on Mucus Plug Clearance in a Mechanically Ventilated Ex Vivo Ovine Lung Model of Obstructive Respiratory Conditions.
Life (Basel)
September 2024
Mucpharm Pty Ltd., Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia.
Article Synopsis
- Mucus plugging in respiratory diseases like asthma and cystic fibrosis can block airways, causing serious breathing issues.
- A study tested a combination treatment called BromAc on mucus plugs in a lung model using sheep to see its effectiveness.
- Results showed that BromAc significantly reduced airway resistance and viscosity of mucus compared to saline, leading to better airflow and suggesting it worked better than individual treatments.
Significant kidney disease in pregnancy: Feasibility and outcomes of a national population-based study using the Australasian Maternity Outcomes Surveillance System.
Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol
September 2024
College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
Background: Current understanding of clinical practice and care for maternal kidney disease in pregnancy in Australia is hampered by limitations in available renal-specific datasets.
Aims: To capture the epidemiology, management, and outcomes of women with significant kidney disease in pregnancy and demonstrate feasibility of a national cohort study approach.
Materials And Methods: An Australian prospective study (2017-2018) using a new kidney disease-specific survey within the Australasian Maternity Outcomes Surveillance System (AMOSS).