Abusive head trauma: judicial admissions highlight violent and repetitive shaking.

Objective: Confessions are uncommon in abusive head trauma (AHT) cases, and there is debate over whether shaking alone can cause the injuries characteristic of AHT. The objective of this article is to correlate legal statements by perpetrators with medical documentation to offer insights into the mechanism of injury.

Methods: In this retrospective observational study we examined forensic evidence from 112 cases referred for AHT over a 7-year period.

How to explore and report children with suspected non-accidental trauma.

Child abuse is a controversial problem of special concern. Recent reports have focused on the broad variability of reporting to child protection services. Radiologists play a key role in the early diagnosis and imaging of suspected inflicted injury.

Evolution of patients' complaints in a French university hospital: is there a contribution of a law regarding patients' rights?

Background: Legislative measures have been identified as one effective way of changing attitude or behaviour towards health care. The aim of this study was to describe trends in patients' complaints for medical issues; to evaluate the contribution of a law regarding patients' rights, and to identify factors associated to patients' perception of a medical error.

Methods: Patients with a complaint letter for medical issues in a French university hospital were included.

Regulation of phosphate homeostasis in infants, children, and adolescents, and the role of phosphatonins in this process.

Purpose Of Review: Unlike calcium metabolism, the control of phosphate homeostasis has long been poorly understood. The identification of 'phosphatonins' in the serum of hypophosphatemic patients, the unveiling of the genetic causes of hypo and hyperphosphatemic diseases in patients, and the creation of finely adapted animal models have revolutionized our understanding of phosphate homeostasis.

Recent Findings: Original reports published in 2006/2007 bring valuable pieces of information that enable better understanding of the physiological regulation of phosphate homeostasis by more precisely defining the interplay between PHEX, vitamin D, and phosphatonins; identification of new genes causing hypophosphatemic rickets, aside from PHEX and fgf23, namely the genes encoding for a renal sodium-phosphate cotransporter, NaPiIIc, and for a bone matrix protein, DmpI; and improved diagnosis of tumor-induced osteomalacia with more precise imaging techniques for tumor localization and more precise fibroblast growth factor 23 assays.

Anemia impairs small intestinal absorption measured by intestinal permeability in children.

Objective: To determine the effect of anemia and iron status on intestinal permeability in children.

Design: A routine prospective study was performed in 64 children with symptoms suggesting cow's milk allergy (CMA) (11.8 +/- 16 mo, 2-94 mo).

Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic and time-to-event models of ribavirin-induced anaemia in chronic hepatitis C.

Background: Interferon (IFN)-alpha and ribavirin combination therapy is the standard treatment for patients with chronic hepatitis C. However, ribavirin induces anaemia, especially by haemolysis, an adverse effect that is dose-limiting.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between ribavirin exposure and haemoglobin time-course, the time-to-anaemia and the covariates influencing these relationships in a population of patients treated for chronic hepatitis C.

Does asymptomatic septal agenesis exist? A review of 34 cases.

Background: Primary septal agenesis (PSA) is a rare brain malformation that can be isolated or part of developmental brain abnormalities (holoprosencephaly, septo-optic dysplasia or cortical malformation). Such associated malformation can be subtle, leading to difficulties in the prenatal management of PSA. Moreover, the neurological prognosis of isolated PSA remains debatable.

MRI of the fetal posterior fossa.

MRI is a useful tool to complement US for imaging of the fetal posterior fossa (PF). In France, the discovery of a PF malformation in the fetus frequently leads to termination of pregnancy (80% in a personal series). However, despite improved accuracy in the diagnosis of PF abnormalities, prognosis remains uncertain.

Intralesional Ethibloc injections in primary aneurysmal bone cysts: an efficient and safe treatment.

Objective: Ethibloc is a fibrogenic and thrombogenic agent recently proposed for the treatment of bone cysts. The purpose of this study is to report the results of direct Ethibloc injection in primary aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) in children.

Design And Patients: Seventeen patients, aged from 2 to 18 years (mean 8 years), were treated with either a single injection (14 patients) or supplementary injections (3 patients) of Ethibloc.

Parasitic diarrhea in normal and malnourished children.

Diarrhea is only one of the many manifestations of intestinal parasites. Environmental influences are inescapable, regardless of an individual's state of health: in a highly endemic region, intestinal parasitic colonization is almost the rule. The clinical expression of the parasitoses, however, is largely determined by host defenses; and when they are weakened, parasitic diarrhea is frequent and severe.

Dental abnormalities in patients with familial hypophosphatemic vitamin D-resistant rickets: prevention by early treatment with 1-hydroxyvitamin D.

Objective: To evaluate the dental effects of 1-hydroxylated vitamin D3 treatment in patients with familial hypophosphatemic vitamin D-resistant rickets. Study design Forty-eight children and adult patients were included in the study; 16 had received no treatment or phosphate supplements with vitamin D/25-(OH) D3 before puberty. The 32 younger ones had received phosphate supplements with 1alpha-(OH)D3 from infancy.

Retroversion of the acetabular dome after Salter and triple pelvic osteotomy for congenital dislocation of the hip.

Retroversion of the acetabular dome has been associated with hip pain and osteoarthritis in several studies. Nevertheless, this acetabular alignment received little attention when studying the radiological outcome of pelvic osteotomies in childhood. We therefore reviewed the charts and X-rays of 73 patients with congenital dislocations, who underwent 97 pelvic osteotomies in childhood.

Overview of the radiology of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

Plain films remain the basic tool for diagnosis and follow-up evaluation of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). In this paper, we review the new classification of JIA: systemic arthritis. oligoarthritis (persistent), oligoarthritis (extended), polyarticular arthritis (rheumatoid factor negative), polyarticular arthritis (rheumatoid factor positive), enthesitis-related arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and unclassified arthritis.

Opercular malformations: clinical and MRI features in 11 children.

Opercular malformations are rare and complex brain malformations for which only very fragmented neuropathological descriptions have been reported. They are related to an abnormal development of both sylvian fissure and frontoparietal operculum. We report a retrospective clinical and MRI study of 11 patients presenting with opercular malformations.

[Colonic carcinoma during pregnancy].

A case of adenocarcinoma of the splenic flexure during pregnancy is reported. A 27-year-old woman was admitted at 34 weeks of pregnancy with abdominal pain and vomiting. 36 hours after normal delivery an emergency exploratory laparotomy was performed for intestinal obstruction.

Decreased insulin response to glucose in islet cell antibody-negative siblings of type 1 diabetic children.

Measurement of beta-cell function is an important marker of progression to diabetes in individuals at risk for the disease. Although the peak incidence for the disease occurs before 17 years of age, normal values for insulin secretion were not available in this age group. We performed a simplified intravenous glucose tolerance test in 167 normal children, and in 98 islet cell antibody (ICA)-negative and 12 ICA-positive siblings of diabetic patients.

Hypoglycemia in infants.

Because the infant's brain is to a large extent dependent on glucose utilization, hypoglycemia of infants can have grave effects on brain function, and it is important to diagnose it and, when possible, treat it promptly. Causes of hypoglycemia in infants are (a) excess insulin secretion, (b) factitious hyperinsulinemia, (c) GH or ACTH deficiency, (d) primary glucocorticoid deficiency, (e) defects of the enzymes involved in hepatic glucose production, or (f) defects in hepatic fatty acid oxidation.

Ultrastructural localization of HIV-1 RNA and core proteins. Simultaneous visualization using double immunogold labelling after in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry.

The analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA sequences in CEM and Jurkat lymphoid cells infected with the virus has been performed at the subcellular level. Using a biotinylated DNA probe specific for HIV-1, virus RNA sequences were detected on Lowicryl thin sections after immunogold cytochemistry. The labelling observed on the cytoplasm was localized near the plasma membrane connected with extracellular cluster of virions.

The crankshaft phenomenon.

We reviewed 40 spinal fusions done prior to Risser stage I for idiopathic and paralytic scoliosis to evaluate postoperative curve progression. The 39 patients who had posterior fusion alone had progressive angulation and rotation of the spine over the postoperative follow-up period. The more immature the patient, the greater the resultant progression.