HIV, the gut microbiome and clinical outcomes, a systematic review.

Background: Effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved the life expectancy of people with HIV (PWH). However, this population is now experiencing accelerated age-related comorbidities, contributed to by chronic immune activation and inflammation, with dysbiosis of the gut microbiome also implicated.

Method: We conducted a systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane reviews and international conference abstracts for articles that examined for the following non-communicable diseases (NCDs); cardiovascular disease, cancer, frailty, metabolic, bone, renal and neurocognitive disease, in PWH aged >18 years.

A complex and severe encephalitis associated with four co-existing neuronal cell-surface autoantibodies.

Many forms of autoimmune encephalitis are mediated by neuronal cell-surface directed autoantibodies. The co-occurrence of four neuronal cell-surface antibodies in a single patient is exceptionally rare. We report a patient who had a severe encephalitis associated with antibodies to NMDA, Glycine, GABA and GABA receptors.

Dual organ transplantation: Pancreas and Liver in the kidney axis.

Purpose Of Review: This article explores the benefits and challenges of dual organ transplants.

Recent Findings: Simultaneous liver-kidney transplant has become a valuable option for patients with both liver and kidney failure, especially since the introduction of clearer eligibility guidelines in 2017. When done for the appropriate candidate, it can significantly improve survival and quality of life.

Childhood interstitial lung disease survivors in adulthood: a European collaborative study.

Background: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is rarer in children (chILD) than adults, but with increasing diagnostic awareness, more cases are being discovered. chILD prognosis is often poor, but increasing numbers are now surviving into adulthood.

Aim: To characterize chILD-survivors and identify their impact on adult-ILD centers.

Irish Prostate Cancer Outcomes Research (IPCOR) registry: cohort profile.

Purpose: To describe the Irish Prostate Cancer Outcomes Research (IPCOR) registry. The cohort was collected to inform and improve the prostate cancer journey of men in Ireland.

Participants: Established in 2015, IPCOR was a unique large-scale prospective cohort study registering men with prostate cancer in Ireland.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography training conditions, results from a pan-European survey: Between vision and reality.

Background: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) still has a relatively high complication rate, underscoring the importance of high-quality training. Despite existing guidelines, real-world data on training conditions remain limited. This pan-European survey aims to systematically explore the perceptions surrounding ERCP training.

Botulinum Toxin for the Treatment of Raynaud's Conditions of the Hand: Clinical Practice Updates and Future Directions.

Raynaud's conditions of the hand, referred to commonly as Raynaud's phenomenon, both primary and secondary, represents a spectrum of disorders affecting the digits, characterised by recurrent episodes of vasospasm that result in a triad of symptoms: pain, pallor, and cyanosis. Various therapies, ranging from conservative hand therapy techniques to surgical sympathectomy, have been explored with inconsistent results. Recently, the local administration of botulinum toxin type-A (BTX-A) has re-emerged as a treatment option for this condition.

Use of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation-Facilitated Large-Bore Catheter Embolectomy in the Treatment of Acute Pulmonary Embolism Complicated by Shock.

This article reports the case of a 42-year-old man who presented with a saddle pulmonary embolus complicated by normotensive cardiogenic shock. The patient was first stabilized with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Then, while the patient was still on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, thrombectomy with a large-bore catheter device was performed that resulted in a large decrease in pulmonary artery pressures and a clinically significant increase in cardiac index, with rapid clinical improvement.

Screening and surveillance practices for Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1-related Neuroendocrine Tumours in European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society Centers of Excellence (ENETS CoE)-An ENETS MEN1 task force questionnaire study.

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) Clinical Practice Guidelines (2012) are predominantly based on expert opinion due to limited available evidence at the time, leaving room for interpretation and variation in practices. Evidence on the natural course of MEN1-related neuroendocrine tumours (NET) and the value of screening programs has increased and new imaging techniques have emerged. The aim of this study is to provide insight in the current practices of screening and surveillance for MEN1-related NETs in ENETS Centers of Excellence (CoEs).

Ectopic Thymoma in the Thorax With Associated Myasthenia Gravis.

A 52-year-old man presented with a one-year history of episodic unilateral facial numbness, jaw weakness, ptosis, and hoarseness. Brain imaging was unremarkable and an 11.5cm right lower thoracic mass was discovered on chest x-ray, which was further evaluated by CT and MRI radiology.

Patients' expectations and experiences with the usage of a self-care application for heart failure: A qualitative interview study.

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a chronic disease characterized by high mortality and healthcare expenditures. Digital health solutions, including mobile health applications (apps), offer opportunities to enhance patients' self-care and quality of life. This qualitative study aimed to explore expectations, experiences, and usage behaviour of HF-patients regarding a self-care app ( app).

An incidental finding of a pleural based schwannoma.

A man in his 40s was incidentally found to have a large right sided apical pleural based mass on imaging. This was further investigated with a CT-guided biopsy. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the tissue revealed a diagnosis of a Schwannoma: a rare, slow-growing benign nerve sheath tumour.

Uncomplicated vaginal delivery 5 years after acute traumatic aortic transection and transluminal endovascular aortic repair.

We describe the case of a 40-year-old patient who sustained an aortic transection in 2016 following a road traffic accident and had two subsequent full-term pregnancies. This case adds to the literature on pregnancy after endovascular aortic repair.

A qualitative study on the experiences of autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplant for Multiple Sclerosis.

Aim: Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is an effective treatment for people with highly-active relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS), who are not adequately responding to disease-modifying therapies. To date, research has predominantly focused on disease-specific outcome measures. There is a lack of research exploring patient experiences of this complex treatment.

Drug therapy versus placebo or usual care for comatose survivors of cardiac arrest; a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Background: In Europe, approximately 291,000 cardiac arrests occur annually. Despite critical care therapy, hospital mortality remains high. This systematic review assessed whether, in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest, any drug therapy, compared to placebo or usual care, improves outcomes.

Mainstreaming cancer genetics: feasibility of an advanced nurse practitioner-led service diagnosing Lynch syndrome from colorectal cancer in Ireland.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common cancer in Ireland. Of all CRCs, 2-4% are attributable to Lynch Syndrome (LS), the most common CRC predisposition syndrome. LS is caused by constitutional pathogenic variants (PVs) affecting mismatch repair (MMR) genes with resultant MMR protein deficiency (dMMR).

Are we there yet? Closing the gap of prostate cancer presentation disparities in Ireland.

Introduction: The Irish Prostate Cancer Outcomes Research (IPCOR) Study collected longitudinal data on men newly diagnosed with Prostate Cancer (PC). Understanding the nuances of disease presentation is essential, considering the high incidence of PC in Ireland. This study aims to characterise disease presentation features, identify factors related to socio demographic disparities in presentation following opportunistic screening, and shed light on potential inequality challenges within Ireland's healthcare structure.

Treatment intensification with radium-223 plus enzalutamide in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Several life-prolonging therapies with diverse mechanisms of action (MoA) are available for the treatment of metastatic hormone-sensitive/castration-resistant prostate cancer, with many patients requiring multiple lines of therapy. Nevertheless, treatment optimization to further delay disease progression and improve overall survival remains an unmet need. Despite the number of agents with differing MoAs approved for advanced prostate cancer, many patients receive only one or two life-prolonging therapies.