Determinants of Stress Levels and Behavioral Reactions in Individuals With Affective or Anxiety Disorders During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Russia.

Introduction: Individuals with affective and anxiety disorders are among those most vulnerable to the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Aim: This study aims to analyze the determinants of stress levels and protective behavioral strategies associated with the COVID-19 pandemic in Russian-speaking people with affective or anxiety disorders (AADs).

Materials And Methods: In this cross-sectional online survey, the psychological distress and behavioral patterns of respondents with self-reported AAD ( = 1,375) and without disorders ( = 4,278) were evaluated during three periods of restrictive measures in Russia (March-May 2020).

An Approach to the Automatic Construction of a Road Accident Scheme Using UAV and Deep Learning Methods.

Recreating a road traffic accident scheme is a task of current importance. There are several main problems when drawing up a plan of accident: a long-term collection of all information about an accident, inaccuracies, and errors during manual data fixation. All these disadvantages affect further decision-making during a detailed analysis of an accident.

Threats Detection during Human-Computer Interaction in Driver Monitoring Systems.

This paper presents an approach and a case study for threat detection during human-computer interaction, using the example of driver-vehicle interaction. We analyzed a driver monitoring system and identified two types of users: the driver and the operator. The proposed approach detects possible threats for the driver.

An ontology-based approach to the analysis of the acid-base state of patients at operative measures.

Researchers working in various domains are focusing on extracting information from data sets by data mining techniques. However, data mining is a complicated task, including multiple complex processes, so that it is unfriendly to non-computer researchers. Due to the lack of experience, they cannot design suitable workflows that lead to satisfactory results.

In-Vehicle Situation Monitoring for Potential Threats Detection Based on Smartphone Sensors.

This paper presents an analysis of modern research related to potential threats in a vehicle cabin, which is based on situation monitoring during vehicle control and the interaction of the driver with intelligent transportation systems (ITS). In the modern world, such systems enable the detection of potentially dangerous situations on the road, reducing accident probability. However, at the same time, such systems increase vulnerabilities in vehicles and can be sources of different threats.

Using Complexity-Identical Human- and Machine-Directed Utterances to Investigate Addressee Detection for Spoken Dialogue Systems.

Human-machine addressee detection (H-M AD) is a modern paralinguistics and dialogue challenge that arises in multiparty conversations between several people and a spoken dialogue system (SDS) since the users may also talk to each other and even to themselves while interacting with the system. The SDS is supposed to determine whether it is being addressed or not. All existing studies on acoustic H-M AD were conducted on corpora designed in such a way that a human addressee and a machine played different dialogue roles.

Physician and patient prediction of adherence to antiretroviral therapy in HIV positive people in Saint-Petersburg, Russia.

Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) results in HIV viral suppression, which is one of the main 90-90-90 targets. Little is known about the accuracy of provider and patient predictions of retention in care and adherence to ART. To address this gap, we conducted a longitudinal analysis of 100 HIV positive people newly eligible for ART initiation (based on the Russian guidelines of ART prescription) in St.

Glutamate heteroreceptor complexes in the brain.

The existence of mGluR, NMDAR, AMPAR and putative KAR heteroreceptor complexes in synaptic and extrasynaptic regions of brain glutamate synapses represents a major integrative mechanism. Our aim in the current article is to analyze if the formation of the different types glutamate hetereceptor complexes involves the contribution of triplet amino acid homologies (protriplets) in a postulated receptor interface based on the triplet puzzle theory. Seven main sets (lists) of receptor pairs in databases were used containing various sets (lists) of human receptor heteromers and nonheteromers obtained from the available scientific publications including the publically available GPCR-hetnet database.

[Psychological assessment of visual hemispatial neglect: standardization and approbation of the modified digit cancellation test].

Aim: To study the phenomena of visual-hemispatial neglect in healthy people and patients with brain diseases of different genesis.

Material And Methods: Eighty-eight patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, 68 patients with exogenous organic brain diseases and 240 healthy adults of different age were included in the study. The digit cancellation test modified by the authors was used.

Early stages of HIV treatment cascade in people living with HIV in Saint-Petersburg, Russia.

The proportion of people living with HIV (PLWH) in need of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is growing rapidly in Russia. Successful treatment outcomes reduces disease progression and contributes to HIV epidemic control. We conducted a pilot study following 100 PLWH newly found eligible for ART in St.

Existence of Brain 5-HT1A-5-HT2A Isoreceptor Complexes with Antagonistic Allosteric Receptor-Receptor Interactions Regulating 5-HT1A Receptor Recognition.

Studies on serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitors have established that disturbances in the ascending 5-HT neuron systems and their 5-HT receptor subtypes and collateral networks to the forebrain contribute to the etiology of major depression and are targets for treatment. The therapeutic action of serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitors is of proven effectiveness, but the mechanisms underlying their effect are still unclear. There are many 5-HT subtypes involved; some need to be blocked (e.

Understanding the Role of GPCR Heteroreceptor Complexes in Modulating the Brain Networks in Health and Disease.

The introduction of allosteric receptor-receptor interactions in G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) heteroreceptor complexes of the central nervous system (CNS) gave a new dimension to brain integration and neuropsychopharmacology. The molecular basis of learning and memory was proposed to be based on the reorganization of the homo- and heteroreceptor complexes in the postjunctional membrane of synapses. Long-term memory may be created by the transformation of parts of the heteroreceptor complexes into unique transcription factors which can lead to the formation of specific adapter proteins.

IL1R2, CCR2, and CXCR4 May Form Heteroreceptor Complexes with NMDAR and D2R: Relevance for Schizophrenia.

The mild neuroinflammation hypothesis of schizophrenia was introduced by Bechter in 2001. It has been hypothesized that a hypofunction of glutamatergic signaling -methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and hyperactivation of dopamine D2 receptors play a role in schizophrenia. The triplet puzzle theory states that sets of triplet amino acid homologies guide two different receptors toward each other and contributes to the formation of a receptor heteromer.

Psychiatric Distress, Drug Use, and HIV Viral Load Suppression in Russia.

To explore the influence of psychiatric distress and substance use on viral load suppression in HIV-infected patients taking ART we analyzed socio-demographic characteristics, CD4+ cells count and viral loads, the Symptom Check List-90 and the Addiction Severity Index of 75 patients who had taken ART for at least 6 month. Using viral load data as the marker of ART success, we divided the sample into two groups. Comparison of the groups showed that education, marriage, and female gender are predictors of optimal viral load suppression.

Comparison of satisfaction with care between two different models of HIV care delivery in St. Petersburg, Russia.

Prior to 2010, medical care for people living with HIV/AIDS was provided at an outpatient facility near the center of St. Petersburg. Since then, HIV specialty clinics have been established in more outlying regions of the city.

The triplet puzzle theory indicates extensive formation of heteromers between opioid and chemokine receptor subtypes.

Biochemical studies had previously demonstrated examples of heteromerization between opioid and chemokine receptors. Based on the triplet puzzle theory, it has been discovered that opioid receptors are structurally more closely related to chemokine receptors than to other class A G-protein-coupled receptors. Their similarity is established in terms of the number of triplet homologies Asn-Leu-Ala, Thr-Leu-Pro, and Tyr-Ala-Phe in the amino acid code of extensive numbers of members of these two receptor groups.

The role of transmitter diffusion and flow versus extracellular vesicles in volume transmission in the brain neural-glial networks.

Two major types of intercellular communication are found in the central nervous system (CNS), namely wiring transmission (point-to-point communication, the prototype being synaptic transmission with axons and terminals) and volume transmission (VT; communication in the extracellular fluid and in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)) involving large numbers of cells in the CNS. Volume and synaptic transmission become integrated inter alia through the ability of their chemical signals to activate different types of receptor protomers in heteroreceptor complexes located synaptically or extrasynaptically in the plasma membrane. The demonstration of extracellular dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) fluorescence around the DA and 5-HT nerve cell bodies with the Falck-Hillarp formaldehyde fluorescence method after treatment with amphetamine and chlorimipramine, respectively, gave the first indications of the existence of VT in the brain, at least at the soma level.

Enhancement of the FGFR1 signaling in the FGFR1-5-HT1A heteroreceptor complex in midbrain raphe 5-HT neuron systems. Relevance for neuroplasticity and depression.

New findings show existence of FGFR1-5-HT1A heteroreceptor complexes in 5-HT nerve cells of the dorsal and median raphe nuclei of the rat midbrain and hippocampus. Synergistic receptor-receptor interactions in these receptor complexes indicated their enhancing role in hippocampal plasticity. The existence of FGFR1-5-HT1A heteroreceptor complexes also in midbrain raphe 5-HT nerve cells open up the possibility that antidepressant drugs by increasing extracellular 5-HT levels can cause an activation of the FGF-2/FGFR1 mechanism in these nerve cells as well.

Evidence for the existence of FGFR1-5-HT1A heteroreceptor complexes in the midbrain raphe 5-HT system.

The ascending midbrain 5-HT neurons known to contain 5-HT1A autoreceptors may be dysregulated in depression due to a reduced trophic support. With in situ proximity ligation assay (PLA) and supported by co-location of the FGFR1 and 5-HT1A immunoreactivities in midbrain raphe 5-HT cells, evidence for the existence of FGFR1-5-HT1A heteroreceptor complexes were obtained in the dorsal and median raphe nuclei of the Sprague-Dawley rat. Their existence in the rat medullary raphe RN33B cell cultures was also established.

The framework for simulation of bioinspired security mechanisms against network infrastructure attacks.

The paper outlines a bioinspired approach named "network nervous system" and methods of simulation of infrastructure attacks and protection mechanisms based on this approach. The protection mechanisms based on this approach consist of distributed procedures of information collection and processing, which coordinate the activities of the main devices of a computer network, identify attacks, and determine necessary countermeasures. Attacks and protection mechanisms are specified as structural models using a set-theoretic approach.

Diversity and Bias through Receptor-Receptor Interactions in GPCR Heteroreceptor Complexes. Focus on Examples from Dopamine D2 Receptor Heteromerization.

Allosteric receptor-receptor interactions in GPCR heteromers appeared to introduce an intermolecular allosteric mechanism contributing to the diversity and bias in the protomers. Examples of dopamine D2R heteromerization are given to show how such allosteric mechanisms significantly change the receptor protomer repertoire leading to diversity and biased recognition and signaling. In 1980s and 1990s, it was shown that neurotensin (NT) through selective antagonistic NTR-D2 like receptor interactions increased the diversity of DA signaling by reducing D2R-mediated dopamine signaling over D1R-mediated dopamine signaling.

Integrin triplets of marine sponges in the murine and human MHCI-CD8 interface and in the interface of human neural receptor heteromers and subunits.

Based on our theory, main triplets of amino acid residues have been discovered in cell-adhesion receptors (integrins) of marine sponges, which participate as homologies in the interface between two major immune molecules, MHC class I (MHCI) and CD8αβ. They appear as homologies also in several human neural receptor heteromers and subunits. The obtained results probably mean that neural and immune receptors also utilize these structural integrin triplets to form heteromers and ion channels, which are required for a tuned and integrated intracellular and intercellular communication and a communication between cells and the extracellular matrix with an origin in sponges, the oldest multicellular animals.

Integrin triplets of marine sponges in human D2 receptor heteromers.

The evidence for the existence of receptor heteromers opens up a new field for a better understanding of neural transmission. Based on our theory, we have discovered main triplets of amino acid residues in cell-adhesion receptors of marine sponges, which appear also as homologies in several dopamine D2 receptor heteromers of human brain. The obtained results probably mean a general molecular mechanism for receptor-receptor interactions in heteromers originated from the lowest animals (marine sponges).

Integrin triplets of marine sponges in human brain receptor heteromers.

Based on our theory, we have discovered main triplets of amino acid residues in cell-adhesion receptors of marine sponges, which appear also as homologies in several receptor heteromers of human brain. The obtained results strengthen our hypothesis that these triplets may "guide-and-clasp" receptor-receptor interactions.

On the origin of the triplet puzzle of homologies in receptor heteromers: Toll-like receptor triplets in different types of receptors.

Based on our theory, we have discovered main triplets of amino acid residues in the GABAB1 receptor and several other neural receptors, which seem to originate from toll-like receptors and appear also as homologies in receptor heteromers. The obtained results strengthen our hypothesis that these triplets may 'guide-and-clasp' receptor-receptor interactions.