Exploring Gender Diversity in Canadian Surgical Residency Leadership.

Objective: Studies in the United States demonstrate a low proportion of cisgender women in medical leadership. No research exists about the prevalence of transgender people in medical leadership. The objective of this study was to evaluate gender representation within Canadian surgical training leadership.

Crosstalk Between Innate Immunity and Autophagy in Viral Myocarditis Leading to Dilated Cardiomyopathy.

Viral myocarditis, characterised by inflammation of the heart muscle, presents a significant challenge to global public health, particularly affecting younger individuals and often progressing to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), a leading cause of heart failure. Despite ongoing research efforts, viable treatments for this condition remain elusive. Recent studies have shed light on the complex interplay between the innate immune response and autophagy mechanisms, revealing their pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of viral myocarditis and subsequent DCM development.

Technical Recommendations for Computed Tomography Guidance of Intervention in the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract: Native RVOT, Conduits and Bioprosthetic Valves: A White Paper of the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography (SCCT), Congenital Heart Surgeons' Society (CHSS), and Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions (SCAI).

This consensus document for the performance of cardiovascular computed tomography (CCT) to guide intervention in the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) in patients with congenital disease (CHD) was developed collaboratively by pediatric and adult interventionalists, surgeons and cardiac imagers with expertise specific to this patient subset. The document summarizes definitions of RVOT dysfunction as assessed by multi-modality imaging techniques and reviews existing consensus statements and guideline documents pertaining to indications for intervention. In the context of this background information, recommendations for CCT scan acquisition and a standardized approach for reporting prior to surgical or transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement are proposed and presented.

To infinity and beyond: A historical bibliometric analysis of medullary thyroid carcinoma.

Background: We performed a bibliometric study to identify the most-cited publications in MTC research and demonstrate how they highlight the most important historical developments in this area.

Methods: Bibliometric data from papers published on the topic of MTC until December 31, 2022 was extracted from the Web of Science database. Analysis was performed utilizing Bibliometrix and VOSViewer software.

Screening for asymptomatic nephrolithiasis in primary hyperparathyroidism patients is warranted.

Background: We aimed to investigate the prevalence, characteristics, and management of nephrolithiasis in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) patients.

Methods: Medical records of patients who underwent parathyroidectomy at a tertiary care hospital in British Columbia from January 2016 to April 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic data, laboratory results, imaging reports, and urologic consultations were examined.

Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Canadian Surgical Residents: A Province-Wide Study.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgical residents.

Design: An online survey was distributed evaluating multiple domains: demographics, health and socioeconomic factors, clinical experience, educational experience, and psychological outcomes. The Mayo Clinic Resident Well-Being Index (RWBI) was used as a validated measure of resident mental health.

Intraoperative teaching methods, models, and frameworks: A scoping review for surgical resident education.

Background: This review aimed to consolidate the existing literature on intraoperative teaching strategies and highlight areas for future research.

Objective: The objective is to review the research conducted regarding the implementation of various teaching frameworks for surgical learners and to present their feasibility, benefits, and limitations within surgical residencies, as well as areas for future research.

Methods: Two independent investigators searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and ERIC and reviewed articles on intraoperative teaching strategies for surgical resident education.

Outcomes and performance of the ACURATE neo2 transcatheter heart valve in clinical practice: one-yearresults of the ACURATE neo2 PMCF Study.

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation is an effective treatment for patients with aortic stenosis; however, complications related to paravalvular leakage (PVL) persist, including increased risk of mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and rehospitalisation.

Aims: We sought to evaluate the clinical outcomes and valve performance at 1 year in patients with severe aortic stenosis treated with the ACURATE neo2 valve in a post-market clinical setting.

Methods: Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 safety events were assessed up to 1 year.

Imaging Methods for Evaluation of Chronic Aortic Regurgitation in Adults: JACC State-of-the-Art Review.

A global multidisciplinary workshop was convened to discuss the multimodality diagnostic evaluation of aortic regurgitation (AR). Specifically, the focus was on assessment tools for AR severity and analyzing evolving data on the optimal timing of aortic valve intervention. The key concepts from this expert panel are summarized as: 1) echocardiography is the primary imaging modality for assessment of AR severity; however, when data is incongruent or incomplete, cardiac magnetic resonance may be helpful; 2) assessment of left ventricular size and function is crucial in determining the timing of intervention; 3) recent evidence suggests current cutpoints for intervention in asymptomatic severe AR patients requires further scrutiny; 4) left ventricular end-systolic volume index has emerged as an additional parameter that has promise in guiding timing of intervention; and 5) the role of additional factors (including global longitudinal strain, regurgitant fraction, and myocardial extracellular volume) is worthy of future investigation.

Technical Recommendations for Computed Tomography Guidance of Intervention in the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract: Native RVOT, Conduits, and Bioprosthetic Valves.

This consensus document for the performance of cardiovascular computed tomography (CCT) to guide intervention in the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) in patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) was developed collaboratively by pediatric and adult interventionalists, surgeons, and cardiac imagers with expertise specific to this patient subset. The document summarizes definitions of RVOT dysfunction as assessed by multimodality imaging techniques and reviews existing consensus statements and guideline documents pertaining to indications for intervention. In the context of this background information, recommendations for CCT scan acquisition and a standardized approach for reporting prior to surgical or transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement are proposed and presented.

A contemporary systematic review of the complications associated with SURGICEL.

Background: This review aims to summarize the findings from recent literature (2010-2022) reporting on complications that resulted from the surgical use of SURGICEL for intraoperative hemostasis.

Methods: A literature search was conducted using the MEDLINE (OVID), Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials - CENTRAL (OVID) databases. The studies were sorted into case reports and other study types for data extraction.

Technical recommendations for computed tomography guidance of intervention in the right ventricular outflow tract: Native RVOT, conduits and bioprosthetic valves:: A white paper of the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography (SCCT), Congenital Heart Surgeons' Society (CHSS), and Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions (SCAI).

This consensus document for the performance of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography (CCT) to guide intervention in the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) in patients with congenital disease (CHD) was developed collaboratively by pediatric and adult interventionalists, surgeons and cardiac imagers with expertise specific to this patient subset. The document summarizes definitions of RVOT dysfunction as assessed by multi-modality imaging techniques and reviews existing consensus statements and guideline documents pertaining to indications for intervention. In the context of this background information, recommendations for CCT scan acquisition and a standardized approach for reporting prior to surgical or transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement are proposed and presented.

Lithium related thyroid and parathyroid disease: Updated clinical practice guidelines are needed.

Objective: This study aims to estimate the prevalence of and determine physician approaches to the screening and management of lithium-associated thyroid and parathyroid disorders in British Columbia, Canada.

Methods: Serum lithium and thyroid/parathyroid laboratory data were collected retrospectively for patients with lithium levels measured at seven BC hospitals between 2012 and 2021. A mail-out survey about screening and management of thyroid/parathyroid disorders in patients on lithium was sent to the ordering physicians of patients with abnormal results.

Coronary CT-based FFR in patients with acute myocardial infarction might predict follow-up invasive FFR: The XPECT-MI study.

Background: We aimed to evaluate whether invasive fractional flow reserve (FFRi) of non-infarction related (non-IRA) lesions changes over time in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. Moreover, we assessed the diagnostic performance of coronary CT angiography-derived FFR(FFR) following the index event in predicting follow-up FFRi.

Methods: We prospectively enrolled 38 STEMI patients (mean age 61.

Normohormonal primary hyperparathyroidism: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: We aim to evaluate the body of evidence reporting on normohormonal primary hyperparathyroidism (NHpHPT) patients to help guide their diagnosis, characterization and treatment.

Background: Normohormonal primary hyperparathyroidism is a term used to describe patients with a normal PTH and elevated calcium levels. There is limited understanding regarding the presentation and appropriate management of these patients.

The influence of papillary features on the risk of malignancy in thyroid nodules diagnosed as atypia of undetermined significance or follicular lesion of undetermined significance.

Background: The objective of this study was to the assess the risk of malignancy in thyroid lesions that were diagnosed as AUS/FLUS when using a novel cytology subclassification system that is based on the presence or absence of papillary features.

Methods: AUS/FLUS case cytology was re-reviewed and subclassified into minor or major concern groups based upon the absence or presence of papillary features, respectively. The risk of malignancy (ROM) was calculated and compared between the two groups.