Food for thought: optimal diet in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Purpose Of Review: Nutritional intake plays a major role in the management of lung health. This review provides the latest perspective on how dietary choices can modulate lung function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma.

Recent Findings: The pathophysiology of COPD and asthma is driven by oxidative stress and inflammation of the airways, which is exacerbated by modifiable risk factors such as cigarette smoking and diet.

Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals CD34 as a marker of human sinoatrial node pacemaker cardiomyocytes.

The sinoatrial node regulates the heart rate throughout life. Failure of this primary pacemaker results in life-threatening, slow heart rhythm. Despite its critical function, the cellular and molecular composition of the human sinoatrial node is not resolved.

Coxsackievirus B3-Induced mA Modification of RNA Enhances Viral Replication via Suppression of YTHDF-Mediated Stress Granule Formation.

N6-methyladenosine (mA) is the most prevalent internal RNA modification. Here, we demonstrate that coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), a common causative agent of viral myocarditis, induces mA modification primarily at the stop codon and 3' untranslated regions of its genome. As a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus, CVB3 replicates exclusively in the cytoplasm through a cap-independent translation initiation mechanism.

The role of parent-adolescent communication interventions in improving sexual and reproductive health outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Across sub-Saharan Africa, adolescents face the triple tragedy: unintended pregnancies, unsafe abortion, and sexually transmitted infections including HIV due to various reasons, among them, poor parent-adolescent communication on sexual and reproductive health. Effective interventions such as improving parent‒adolescent communication has been recognized as a protective factor for adolescent sexual and reproductive health outcomes. Research shows that parent-adolescent communication is associated with reduced adolescent engagement in risky sexual behaviours, including early sexual initiation, lower rates of teenage pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, and increased self-efficacy in decision making.

Predictors of cost-related medication nonadherence in Canada: a repeated cross-sectional analysis of the Canadian Community Health Survey.

Background: In Canada, many patients face substantial out-of-pocket costs for prescription medication, which may affect their ability to take their medications as prescribed. We sought to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the burden and predictors of cost-related nonadherence in Canada.

Methods: Using pooled data from the 2015, 2016, 2018, 2019, and 2020 iterations of the Canadian Community Health Survey, we calculated weighted population estimates of the burden of cost-related nonadherence in the preceding 12 months and used logistic regression models to measure the association of 15 demographic, health, and health system predictors of cost-related nonadherence overall and stratified by sex.

Sex differences in COVID-19 vaccine confidence in people living with HIV in Canada.

Background: Understanding the roots of vaccine confidence in vulnerable populations, such as persons living with HIV (PLWH), is important to facilitate vaccine uptake, thus mitigating infection and spread of vaccine-preventable infectious diseases. In an online survey of PLWH conducted in Canada during winter 2022 (), we reported that the overall COVID-19 vaccination uptake rate in PLWH was similar by sex. Here, we examined attitudes and beliefs towards vaccination against COVID-19 based on sex.

Community versus academic hospital community-acquired pneumonia patients: a nested cohort study.

Background: Most Canadians receive their care in community hospitals, yet most clinical research is conducted in academic hospitals. This study aims to compare patients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) treated in academic and community hospitals with respect to their demographics, clinical characteristics, treatments and outcomes.

Methods: This nested observational cohort substudy of the Community Acquired Pneumonia: Toward InnoVAtive Treatment (CAPTIVATE) trial included 1,329 hospitalized adults with CAP recruited between March 1st, 2018 and September 31st, 2023 from 15 Canadian hospitals.

Pulmonary Xe MRI: CNN Registration and Segmentation to Generate Ventilation Defect Percent with Multi-center Validation.

Rationale And Objectives: Hyperpolarized Xe MRI quantifies ventilation-defect-percent (VDP), the ratio of Xe signal-void to the anatomic H MRI thoracic-cavity-volume. VDP is associated with airway inflammation and disease control and serves as a treatable trait in therapy studies. Semi-automated VDP pipelines require time-intensive observer interactions.

Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve Replacement.

Transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement (TTVR) has emerged as a promising intervention for the treatment of severe tricuspid regurgitation with complex valve morphology. This consensus document provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of orthotopic TTVR, focusing on patient selection, procedural details, and follow-up care. Clinical outcomes from initial studies and compassionate use cases are discussed, highlighting the effectiveness of TTVR in reducing tricuspid regurgitation, inducing reverse right ventricular remodeling, and enhancing patients' quality of life.

From fixing to connecting: parents' experiences supporting adult children with eating disorders.

Background: Unlike evidence-based guidelines that exist for families of youth with eating disorders, little is known about the optimal role for families of adult patients. Given issues of patient autonomy and confidentiality, it is common for family members to report high levels of distress, confusion about how to offer support, and feelings of exclusion. Nevertheless, interactions with parents play a critical role in the recovery process.

Investigating a severe acute malnutrition outbreak in Dubti District, Awsiresu Zone, Afar Region, Northeast Ethiopia (2022).

Introduction: Ethiopia is a global hotspot for child malnutrition, with an estimated 1.2 million children under five affected by severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in 2022. In response, the country has integrated SAM into its broader disease surveillance system.

Digital continuous glucose monitoring systems for patients with HIV-diabetes comorbidity in Ethiopia: a situational analysis.

In patients with HIV-diabetes mellitus (DM) comorbidity, invasive blood glucose testing can increase the risk of HIV-related blood contamination and discourage regular glucose monitoring. Digital continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems may allow real-time glucose monitoring without the need for blood specimens. However, in high-burden HIV-DM countries, current glucose monitoring practices and their challenges are insufficiently explored to guide digital CGM research and developments.

Evaluation of infectious complications in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes: a prospective cohort study from the Canadian MDS registry.

Infections are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Precise estimates of infection frequency and severity with modern therapies are uncertain. We conducted a retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort enrolled in a Canadian MDS registry and characterized the frequency and severity of infectious complications.

Divergent lineage trajectories and genetic landscapes in human gastric intestinal metaplasia organoids associated with early neoplastic progression.

Background: Gastric intestinal metaplasia (IM) is a precancerous stage spanning a morphological spectrum that is poorly represented by human cell line models.

Objective: We aim to establish and characterise human IM cell models to better understand IM progression along the cancer spectrum.

Design: A large human gastric IM organoid (IMO) cohort (n=28), their clonal derivatives and normal gastric organoids (n=42) for comparison were established.

Increased severity of multidrug-resistant Shigella sonnei infections in people experiencing homelessness.

Background: Shigella sonnei has caused sexually transmitted enteric infections in men who have sex with men (MSM) in Vancouver. We recently observed a high rate of multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. sonnei bacteremia among persons experiencing homelessness (PEH).

The BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine demonstrates reduced age-associated T1 support and .

mRNA vaccines demonstrate impaired immunogenicity and durability in vulnerable older populations. We hypothesized that human modeling and proteomics could elucidate age-specific mRNA vaccine actions. BNT162b2-stimulation changed the plasma proteome of blood samples from young (18-50Y) and older adult (≥60Y) participants, assessed by mass spectrometry, proximity extension assay, and multiplex.

Challenges in institutional ethical review process and approval for international multicenter clinical studies in lower and middle-income countries: the case of PARITY study.

Background: One of the greatest challenges to conducting multicenter research studies in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) is the heterogeneity in regulatory processes across sites. Previous studies have reported variations in requirements with a lack of standardization in the Institutional Review Board (IRB) processes between centers, imposing barriers for approval, participation, and development of multicenter research.

Objectives: To describe the regulatory process, variability and challenges faced by pediatric researchers in LMICs during the IRB process of an international multicenter observational point prevalence study (Global PARITY).

Antibiotic Treatment for 7 versus 14 Days in Patients with Bloodstream Infections.

Background: Bloodstream infections are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Early, appropriate antibiotic therapy is important, but the duration of treatment is uncertain.

Methods: In a multicenter, noninferiority trial, we randomly assigned hospitalized patients (including patients in the intensive care unit [ICU]) who had bloodstream infection to receive antibiotic treatment for 7 days or 14 days.