Vancomycin-induced red man syndrome presentation in a preterm infant.

A male infant born at 32 weeks' gestation with a birthweight of 1030 g was started on intravenous vancomycin for a femoral osteomyelitis. On day 7 of treatment, he developed an erythematous flushed rash, rapidly spreading from the head to trunk and extremities, and became markedly irritable; vancomycin infusion was promptly stopped, with subsequent skin clearance. Given the wide use of vancomycin for the treatment of neonatal infections, a good awareness of red man syndrome signs and symptoms in the neonatal population is fundamental to recognize this adverse drug reaction and manage its rare but possible life-threatening complications.

Splanchnic NIRS monitoring in neonatal care: rationale, current applications and future perspectives.

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) provides a non-invasive, continuous monitoring of regional tissue oxygenation. NIRS assessment of neonatal splanchnic oxygenation (SrSO) has gained increasing interest over the last decade, as local hypoxia and ischemia underlie the most feared gut complications in neonates. Current literature provides encouraging evidence in support of SrSO reliability in detecting mesenteric hemodynamic changes related to various physiological and pathological conditions in-term and preterm infants.

Does the Use of Pacifier Affect Gastro-Esophageal Reflux in Preterm Infants?

Unlabelled: This crossover study showed that non-nutritive sucking, provided with a pacifier in 30 preterm infants, had no effect on acid and nonacid gastro-esophageal reflux evaluated by esophageal pH-impedance, and thus may be reasonably used in preterm neonates with symptoms of gastro-esophageal reflux.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02023216.

Spleen nodules: a potential hallmark of Visceral Leishmaniasis in young children.

Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a severe disease caused by Leishmania infantum in the Mediterranean basin, and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Infantile VL may begin suddenly, with high fever and vomiting, or insidiously, with irregular daily fever, anorexia, and marked splenomegaly. Delays in diagnosis of VL are common, highlighting the need for increased awareness of clinicians for VL in endemic European countries.