Associations Between Patient-Reported Nutritional Status, Toxicity, and Survival in Limited-Stage SCLC.

Introduction: In general, malnutrition is associated with more treatment toxicity and shorter survival in patients with cancer, but little is known about its impact on limited-stage (LS) SCLC. We investigated whether nutritional status and weight loss were associated with treatment outcomes in a randomized trial of thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) in LS SCLC (NCT02041845, N = 170).

Methods: Patients received platinum-etoposide-chemotherapy and were randomized to receive TRT of 60 Gy in 40 fractions or 45 Gy in 30 fractions.

Incidence and prevalence of traumatic and non-traumatic wounds and burns and access to wound care in Sierra Leone; data from a nationwide household survey (PRESSCO) 2020.

Objectives: This wound section of the PREvalence Study on Surgical COnditions (PRESSCO) determines the incidence and prevalence of wounds and burns in Sierra Leone. It further describes access to wound care and wound-related healthcare-seeking behaviour.

Methods: Between October 2019 and March 2020, a nationwide cross-sectional household survey was performed.

Elevated High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Risk of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: A Prospective Population Based Study in The Norwegian HUNT Study.

Objective: Inflammation seems to be crucial in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Previous research links inflammatory biomarkers, such as high sensitivity C-reactive protein (HS-CRP), to AAA. Few studies, however, have used a prospective design.

A reproducibility study on invasion in small pulmonary adenocarcinoma according to the WHO and a modified classification, supported by biomarkers.

Objectives: Evaluating invasion in non-mucinous adenocarcinoma (NMA) of the lung is crucial for accurate pT-staging. This study compares the World Health Organization (WHO) with a recently modified NMA classification.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted on small NMA pT1N0M0 cases with a 5-year follow-up.

High-throughput drug screening identifies SMAC mimetics as enhancers of NK cell cytotoxicity in chronic myeloid leukemia.

Natural killer (NK) cells have proven to be safe and effective immunotherapies, associated with favorable treatment responses in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Augmenting NK cell function with oncological drugs could improve NK cell-based immunotherapies. Here, we used a high-throughput drug screen consisting of over 500 small-molecule compounds to systematically evaluate the effects of oncological drugs on primary NK cells against CML cells.

Exploring associations between the FTO rs9939609 genotype and plasma concentrations of appetite-related hormones in adults with obesity.

Associations between variants in the FTO locus and plasma concentrations of appetite related hormones are inconsistent, and might not work in a dose dependent fashion in people with obesity. Moreover, it is relevant to report meal related plasma concentrations of these hormones in persons with obesity given the growing interest in their pharmacological potential in obesity therapy. We find it clinically relevant to examine associations between the SNP rs9939609 genotypes and homeostatic appetite regulation in individuals with BMI ≥35 kg/m2.

First out-of-bed mobilisation in adults with severe acquired brain injury in Scandinavian neurointensive care units: A survey of current clinical practice (FOOBScan).

Background: The harm-benefit balance for early out-of-bed mobilisation of patients with severe acquired brain injury (ABI) in neurointensive care units (neuro-ICUs) is unclear, and there are no clinical guidelines. This study aimed to survey the current clinical practice and perceptions among clinicians involved in first out-of-bed mobilisation in Scandinavian neuro-ICUs.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional, anonymous, web-based survey; the reporting follows the recommended CROSS checklist.

Measuring fluid balance in end-stage renal disease with a wearable bioimpedance sensor.

Background: Accurate assessment of fluid volume and hydration status is essential in many disease states, including patients with chronic kidney disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of a wearable continuous bioimpedance sensor to detect changes in fluid volume in patients undergoing regular hemodialysis (HD).

Methods: 31 patients with end-stage renal disease were enrolled and monitored with a sensor patch (Re:Balans) on the upper back through two consecutive HD sessions and the interdialytic period between.

Uncertainty Quantification and Sensitivity Analysis for Non-invasive Model-Based Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio Prediction.

The main objectives of this work are to validate a 1D-0D unsteady solver with a distributed stenosis model for the patient-specific estimation of resting haemodynamic indices and to assess the sensitivity of instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) predictions to uncertainties in input parameters. We considered 52 patients with stable coronary artery disease, for which 81 invasive iFR measurements were available. We validated the performance of our solver compared to 3D steady-state and transient results and invasive measurements.

Is there an association between birth characteristics and fractures in young adults? The HUNT Study, Norway.

Unlabelled: This population study investigated the association between birth characteristics and fracture risk in 11,099 young adults (aged 19-54 years). Our findings indicate that birth weight, gestational age, and birth weight for gestational age were not associated with fractures in the wrist, humerus, hip, and spine in this population.

Purpose: Skeletal development starts during fetal life, and it is estimated that most bone formation occurs in the 3rd trimester.

Device-measured physical activity in adults born preterm with very low birth weight and mediation by motor abilities.

Physical activity (PA) is beneficial for several health outcomes. Adults born with very low birth weight (VLBW<1500g) undertake less PA than those born at term, have poorer motor abilities and may serve as a model on early life origins of PA. We therefore examined whether motor abilities mediate the association between being born with VLBW and device-measured PA.

Therapists perspectives on the Early Intervention after Rape study: a qualitative process evaluation of a randomized controlled trial.

: Early interventions using trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy have the potential to alleviate post-traumatic stress symptoms in individuals who have experienced recent sexual assault. Specialized Sexual Assault Centers (SACs) in Norway offers psychosocial support, however, this support varies across SACs and its efficacy has not been researched. The Early Intervention after Rape (EIR) study is a multisite randomized controlled trial designed to assess the efficacy and effectiveness of training SAC nurses and social workers to deliver a modified version of prolonged exposure therapy shortly after rape.

Toward a More General Consent for the Use of Patients' Biological Material and Health Information for Medical Research-The Patient Perspective.

Biological material and health information from patients are valuable for medical research. Under a "broad" consent model, hospital patients in Norway can consent to their biological material and health information being stored in research biobanks and used for "specific, broadly defined research purposes" within a specified medical research area but not for medical research in general. Patients are asked to provide new consent each time researchers wish to use their material in a different medical research area.

Prognostic factors for overall survival in elderly patients with glioblastoma: Analysis of the pooled NOA-08 and Nordic trials with the CCTG-EORTC (CE.6) trial.

Background: The majority of patients diagnosed with glioblastoma are >60 years. Three randomized trials addressed the roles of radiotherapy (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ) for elderly patients. NORDIC and NOA-08 compared RT versus TMZ, while CE.

Investigating the causal effects of childhood and adulthood adiposity on later life mental health outcome: a Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Obesity particularly during childhood is considered a global public health crisis and has been linked with later life health consequences including mental health. However, there is lack of causal understanding if childhood body size has a direct effect on mental health or has an indirect effect after accounting for adulthood body size.

Methods: Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was performed to estimate the total effect and direct effect (accounting for adulthood body size) of childhood body size on anxiety and depression.

Quantification of valvular regurgitation by transthoracic 3D high pulse repetition frequency Doppler echocardiography.

Aims: To improve quantification of valvular regurgitation, a 3D high-pulse repetition frequency Doppler (3D HPRFD) method was developed for regurgitant volume (RVol) estimation from transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Although successfully applied and in selected clinical cases, a systematic clinical validation of 3D HPRFD has not been published. Hence, our aims were to investigate (i) feasibility of 3D HPRFD and (ii) correlation between 3D HPRFD and RVol estimates obtained by the 2D proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) method and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in patients with either aortic regurgitation (AR) or mitral regurgitation (MR).

Metformin improves infection by strengthening macrophage antimicrobial functions.

Introduction: The incidence and prevalence of infections with non-tuberculous mycobacteria such as (Mav) are increasing. Prolonged drug regimens, inherent antibiotic resistance, and low cure rates underscore the need for improved treatment, which may be achieved by combining standard chemotherapy with drugs targeting the host immune system. Here, we examined if the diabetes type 2 drug metformin could improve Mav-infection.

The long-lasting impact of high-intensity training via collaborative care in patients with schizophrenia: A 5-year follow-up study.

Unlabelled: Although exercise is medicine for outpatients with schizophrenia, it is unclear if one-year adherence-supported exercise leads to a "tipping point", at which the exercise becomes a routine manifested as life-long training in the patient group.

Methods: Forty-eight outpatients (28 men/20 women: 35 ± 11 (mean ± SD) years) with schizophrenia (ICD-10: F20-29) were randomised to: 1) collaborative care group (TG), performing aerobic interval (AIT; 4 × 4-min treadmill walking/running at ∼90 % peak heart rate) and leg press maximal strength training (MST; 4 × 4 repetitions at ∼90 % maximal strength [1RM]) 2d·wk. for 1-year, supported by transportation and training supervision; or 2) control group (CG).

Predicting recovery in patients with mild traumatic brain injury and a normal CT using serum biomarkers and diffusion tensor imaging (CENTER-TBI): an observational cohort study.

Background: Even patients with normal computed tomography (CT) head imaging may experience persistent symptoms for months to years after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). There is currently no good way to predict recovery and triage patients who may benefit from early follow-up and targeted intervention. We aimed to assess if existing prognostic models can be improved by serum biomarkers or diffusion tensor imaging metrics (DTI) from MRI, and if serum biomarkers can identify patients for DTI.

Perceived benefits and challenges one year after receiving brief therapy in a district psychiatric centre. An exploration of patients' and GPs' experiences: A qualitative study.

Background: Scarce treatment resources put pressure on mental health services prompting innovations in service provision. Various innovative strategies have been introduced to provide patients with improved and effective treatment due to increased demands for mental health services. In 2016 a district psychiatric centre (DPC) started a brief treatment program to provide early and effective help for moderate depression and anxiety.

Fresh whole blood: A feasible alternative in disasters and mass casualty incidents? a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: While balanced blood component therapy (BCT) is pivotal in trauma patient damage control resuscitation in well-resourced settings, disasters, and mass casualty incidents (MCIs) pose significant challenges, especially in securing sufficient access to blood products. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to explore the utilization of fresh whole blood (FWB) transfusion as a potential alternative to BCT, informing future research and clinical strategies.

Methods: We searched Pubmed, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library and grey literature for articles identifying FWB transfusions, limited to those published in English or French.

Telomere length in relation to fecundability and use of assisted reproductive technologies: the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study.

Background: Telomere length (TL) has been reported to be associated with conditions such as endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome, with some studies finding associations with shorter TL and others with longer TL. In men, studies mostly report associations between shorter TL and sperm quality. To our knowledge, no studies have thus far investigated associations between TL and fecundability or the use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART).

Autism diagnoses in school-age children in southern Trøndelag 2016-2019.

Background: We have previously reported a significantly higher prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in southern Trøndelag among preschool children with mothers from a different national background than Norway. In this study, we wanted to investigate whether, in the same period and in the same geographic area, there was also an excess prevalence among school-age children. Additionally, we wanted to identify psychiatric and developmental comorbidities.