The detrimental effects of intestinal injury mediated by inflammation are limited in cardiac arrest patients: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Ischaemic intestines could be a driver of critical illness through an inflammatory response. We have previously published reports on a biomarker for intestinal injury, plasma Intestinal Fatty Acid Binding Protein (IFABP), and inflammatory biomarkers after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). In this post-hoc study we explored the potential indirect effects of intestinal injury mediated through the inflammatory response on organ dysfunction and mortality.

Guideline-Recommended Time Less Than 90 Minutes From ECG to Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Is Associated with Major Survival Benefits, Especially in Octogenarians: A Contemporary Report in 11 226 Patients from NORIC.

Background Using contemporary data from NORIC (Norwegian Registry of Invasive Cardiology) we investigated the predictive value of patient age and time from ECG diagnosis to sheath insertion (ECG-2-sheath) in primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods and Results Data from 11 226 patients collected from all centers offering 24/7/365 primary percutaneous coronary intervention service were explored. For patients aged <80 years the mortality rates were 5.

Cytotoxicity and effect on wound re-epithelialization after topical administration of tranexamic acid.

Background: Topical administration of tranexamic acid (TXA) reduces bleeding from surgical wounds similarly to intravenous use, but with negligible risk of adverse systemic events. Topical use is expanding, but is off-label. Surgeons lack guidelines regarding safe topical dosages and modes of administration.

Feasibility of Pre-Hospital Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta in Non-Traumatic Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.

Background Few patients survive after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and any measure that improve circulation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation is beneficial. Animal studies support that resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation might benefit patients suffering from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, but human data are scarce. Methods and Results We performed an observational study at the helicopter emergency medical service in Trondheim (Norway) to assess the feasibility and safety of establishing REBOA in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Increasing workload in Norwegian general practice - a qualitative study.

Background: General practitioners (GPs) play a key role in securing and coordinating appropriate use of healthcare services, by providing primary and preventive healthcare and by acting as gatekeepers for secondary healthcare services. Historically, European GPs have reported high job satisfaction, attributed to high autonomy and good compatibility with family life. However, a trend of increasing workload in general practice has been seen in several European countries, including Norway, leading to recruitment problems and concerns about the well-being of both GPs and patients.

Cardiorespiratory Fitness and the Risk of First Acute Myocardial Infarction: The HUNT Study.

Background The majority of studies evaluating cardiorespiratory fitness ( CRF ) as a cardiovascular risk factor use cardiovascular mortality and not cardiovascular disease events as the primary end point, and generally do not include women. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of estimated CRF ( eCRF ) with the risk of first acute myocardial infarction ( AMI ). Methods and Results We included 26 163 participants (51.

Simulation of the upper airways in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and nasal obstruction: A novel finite element method.

Objective: To evaluate the biomechanical properties of the soft palate and velopharynx in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and nasal obstruction.

Study Design: Prospective experimental study.

Materials And Methods: Two finite element (FE) models of the soft palate were created in six patients undergoing nasal surgery, one homogeneous model based on CT images, and one layered model based on soft tissue composition.

Is smoking heaviness causally associated with alcohol use? A Mendelian randomization study in four European cohorts.

Background: Observational studies have shown that tobacco and alcohol use co-occur, but it is not clear whether this relationship is causal.

Methods: Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) and UK Biobank, we used observational methods to test the hypothesis that smoking heaviness increases alcohol consumption. Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were then used to test the causal relationship between smoking heaviness and alcohol consumption using 55 967 smokers from four European studies [ALSPAC, The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT), the Copenhagen General Population Study (CGPS) and UK Biobank].

Heavier smoking increases coffee consumption: findings from a Mendelian randomization analysis.

Background: There is evidence for a positive relationship between cigarette and coffee consumption in smokers. Cigarette smoke increases metabolism of caffeine, so this may represent a causal effect of smoking on caffeine intake.

Methods: We performed Mendelian randomization analyses in the UK Biobank (N = 114 029), the Norwegian HUNT study (N = 56 664) and the Copenhagen General Population Study (CGPS) (N = 78 650).

Maternal Smoking in Pregnancy and Offspring Depression: a cross cohort and negative control study.

Previous reports suggest that offspring of mothers who smoke during pregnancy have greater risk of developing depression. However, it is unclear whether this is due to intrauterine effects. Using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) from the UK (N = 2,869), the Nord-Trøndelag health study (HUNT) from Norway (N = 15,493), the Pelotas 1982 Birth Cohort Study from Brazil (N = 2,626), and the Swedish Sibling Health Cohort (N = 258 sibling pairs), we compared associations of maternal smoking during pregnancy and mother's partner's smoking during pregnancy with offspring depression and performed a discordant sibling analysis.

Anxiety and depression symptoms and alcohol use among adolescents - a cross sectional study of Norwegian secondary school students.

Background: We investigated the associations between symptoms of anxiety and depression and alcohol drinking behavior among adolescents, by focusing on the importance of symptom load, as well as gender differences.

Methods: Data was derived from a cross-sectional school based survey among adolescents in upper secondary schools in Norway. Among other variables adolescents reported on symptoms of anxiety and depression, time of onset and extent of alcohol use.

Investigating the causal effect of smoking on hay fever and asthma: a Mendelian randomization meta-analysis in the CARTA consortium.

Observational studies on smoking and risk of hay fever and asthma have shown inconsistent results. However, observational studies may be biased by confounding and reverse causation. Mendelian randomization uses genetic variants as markers of exposures to examine causal effects.

Economic incentives and diagnostic coding in a public health care system.

We analysed the association between economic incentives and diagnostic coding practice in the Norwegian public health care system. Data included 3,180,578 hospital discharges in Norway covering the period 1999-2008. For reimbursement purposes, all discharges are grouped in diagnosis-related groups (DRGs).

Effectiveness of Working Memory Training among Subjects Currently on Sick Leave Due to Complex Symptoms.

The current study examined if adaptive working memory training (Cogmed QM) has the potential to improve inhibitory control, working memory capacity, and perceptions of memory functioning in a group of patients currently on sick leave due to symptoms of pain, insomnia, fatigue, depression and anxiety. Participants who were referred to a vocational rehabilitation center volunteered to take part in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to either a training condition ( = 25) or a control condition ( = 29).

Normo- and hyperandrogenic women with polycystic ovary syndrome exhibit an adverse metabolic profile through life.

Objective: To compare the metabolic profiles of normo- and hyperandrogenic women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with those of control women at different ages during reproductive life.

Design: Case-control study.

Setting: Not applicable.

Cardiovascular mortality - Comparing risk factor associations within couples and in the total population - The HUNT Study.

Background: To compare associations of conventional risk factors with cardiovascular death within couples and in the population as a whole.

Methods: We analysed baseline data (1995-97) from the HUNT2 Study in Norway linked to the national Causes of Death Registry. We compared risk within couples using stratified Cox regression.

Symptoms of depression and all-cause mortality in farmers, a cohort study: the HUNT study, Norway.

Objectives: To explore all-cause mortality and the association between symptoms of depression and all-cause mortality in farmers compared with other occupational groups, using a prospective cohort design.

Methods: We included adult participants with a known occupation from the second wave of the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (Helseundersøkelsen i Nord-Trøndelag 2 (HUNT2) 1995-1997), Norway. Complete information on emigration and death from all causes was obtained from the National Registries.

ADCK3 mutations with epilepsy, stroke-like episodes and ataxia: a POLG mimic?

Background And Purpose: Defects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) metabolism cause a variety of disorders ranging from isolated myopathy to multisystem involvement. ADCK3 is one of several genes associated with CoQ10 deficiency that presents with progressive cerebellar ataxia, epilepsy, migraine and psychiatric disorders. Diagnosis is challenging due to the wide clinical spectrum and overlap with other mitochondrial disorders.

Health and unemployment: 14 years of follow-up on job loss in the Norwegian HUNT Study.

Background: Many studies have investigated how unemployment influences health, less attention has been paid to the reverse causal direction; how health may influence the risk of becoming unemployed. We prospectively investigated a wide range of health measures and subsequent risk of unemployment during 14 years of follow-up.

Methods: Self-reported health data from 36 249 participants in the Norwegian HUNT2 Study (1995-1997) was linked by a personal identification number to the National Insurance Database (1992-2008).

Subjective memory complaints among patients on sick leave are associated with symptoms of fatigue and anxiety.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify symptoms associated with subjective memory complaints (SMCs) among subjects who are currently on sick leave due to symptoms of chronic pain, fatigue, depression, anxiety, and insomnia.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, subjects (n = 167) who were currently on sick leave were asked to complete an extensive survey consisting of the following: items addressing their sociodemographics, one item from the SF-8 health survey measuring pain, Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Insomnia Severity Index, and Everyday Memory Questionnaire - Revised. General linear modeling was used to analyze variables associated with SMCs.

Sleep Difficulties and Insomnia Symptoms in Norwegian Musicians Compared to the General Population and Workforce.

Sleep problems are reported as common among performing artists and musicians. However, epidemiological research comparing musicians to different groups of the general population is lacking. For this study, 4,168 members of the Norwegian Musician's Union were invited to an online survey regarding work and health.

Heavier smoking may lead to a relative increase in waist circumference: evidence for a causal relationship from a Mendelian randomisation meta-analysis. The CARTA consortium.

Objectives: To investigate, using a Mendelian randomisation approach, whether heavier smoking is associated with a range of regional adiposity phenotypes, in particular those related to abdominal adiposity.

Design: Mendelian randomisation meta-analyses using a genetic variant (rs16969968/rs1051730 in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene region) as a proxy for smoking heaviness, of the associations of smoking heaviness with a range of adiposity phenotypes.

Participants: 148,731 current, former and never-smokers of European ancestry aged ≥ 16 years from 29 studies in the consortium for Causal Analysis Research in Tobacco and Alcohol (CARTA).