Investigating inconsistencies regarding health equity in select World Health Organization texts: a critical discourse analysis of health promotion, social determinants of health, and urban health texts, 2008-2016.

Background: Scholarly critiques have demonstrated that the World Health Organization (WHO) approaches the concept of health equity inconsistently. For example, inconsistencies center around measuring health inequity across individuals versus groups; in approaches and goals sought in striving for health equity; and whether considerations around health equity prioritize socioeconomic status or also consider other social determinants of health. However, the significance of these contrasting approaches has yet to be assessed empirically.

Health promotion, the social determinants of health, and urban health: what does a critical discourse analysis of World Health Organization texts reveal about health equity?

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) has focused on health equity as part of its mandate and broader agenda-consider for example, the "health for all" slogan. However, a recent scoping review determined that there are no studies that investigate the WHO's approach to health equity. Therefore, this study is the first such empirical analysis examining discourses of health equity in WHO texts concerning health promotion, the social determinants of health, and urban health.

Disparities in Vision-Related Functional Impairments Among Adults in the United States.

Purpose: To investigate the relationships between vision-related functional impairment (VFI) with sociodemographic and healthcare access factors in a representative sample of the United States population.

Methods: Data from the 2017 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) were used. The NHIS involves responses from the U.

Signatures of chronic pain in multiple sclerosis: a machine learning approach to investigate trigeminal neuralgia.

Chronic pain is a pervasive, disabling, and understudied feature of multiple sclerosis (MS), a progressive demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease. Current focus on motor components of MS disability combined with difficulties assessing pain symptoms present a challenge for the evaluation and management of pain in MS, highlighting the need for novel methods of assessment of neural signatures of chronic pain in MS. We investigate chronic pain in MS using MS-related trigeminal neuralgia (MS-TN) as a model condition focusing on gray matter structures as predictors of chronic pain.

The implementation of infant pain practice change resource to improve infant procedural pain practices: a hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation study.

Implementation of infant pain practice change (ImPaC) is a multifaceted web-based resource to support pain practice change in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). We evaluated the (1) intervention effectiveness and (2) implementation effectiveness of ImPaC using a hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation study (ie, cluster randomized controlled trial and longitudinal descriptive study). Eligible level 2 and 3 Canadian NICUs were randomized to intervention (INT) or waitlisted to usual care (UC) for 6 months.

Outcomes of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography performed in the AM versus PM: does procedural timing matter?

Background: ERCP is a technically demanding procedure that carries a high cumulative adverse event (AE) rate of >10%. Identifying risk factors for adverse events is paramount. Procedure timing, as a surrogate for endoscopist fatigue, has been shown to influence key quality metrics in colonoscopy, but data on this relationship in ERCP is sparse.

Cardiometabolic Outcomes in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: An International Matched-Cohort Study.

Introduction: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) has been traditionally viewed as a neuro-ophthalmic disorder, yet emerging evidence suggests broader systemic implications. Our study investigates the cardiometabolic outcomes associated with IIH through a comprehensive matched-cohort analysis.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of electronic health records from 2009 to 2024.

Semaglutide as an Adjunctive Therapy to Standard Management for Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Real-World Data-Based Retrospective Analysis.

Background: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a neurological disorder characterized by elevated intracranial pressure, predominantly affecting young women with obesity. This study evaluates the effectiveness of semaglutide as an adjunctive therapy to standard IIH management using real-world data.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis comparing IIH patients receiving semaglutide plus standard therapy versus standard therapy alone.

Efficacy of Tirzepatide Dual GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Agonist In Patients with Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension. A Real-World Propensity Score-Matched Study.

Introduction: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a neurological disorder characterized by elevated intracranial pressure, predominantly affecting obese women of reproductive age. While GLP-1 receptor agonists have shown promise in IIH management, the potential of dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor activation through tirzepatide remains unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate tirzepatide's efficacy as an adjunctive therapy in IIH management.

Weight and metabolic changes with long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine or bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide.

Background: Modest weight and lipid changes have been observed in cabotegravir plus rilpivirine long-acting (CAB+RPV LA) Phase 3/3b studies. The SOLAR study included standardized evaluations of weight and metabolic changes in people living with HIV switching to CAB+RPV LA dosed every 2 months (Q2M) vs. continuing bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir (BIC/FTC/TAF).

Processes of obstetrical care and outcomes among Ontario physicians versus non-physicians: a population-based study.

Objective: We compared processes of antepartum, intrapartum and postpartum care and obstetrical outcomes between physicians and non-physicians.

Design: This is a population-based retrospective matched cohort study.

Setting: The study was conducted in Ontario, Canada.

Giant cell arteritis following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a vasculitis characterised by arterial inflammation, with permanent vision loss being a feared complication. The association between GCA and viral infections is well-known, but there is limited data regarding its relationship to COVID-19. A man in his 80s with a recent history of COVID-19 developed sudden vision loss, persistent headaches and jaw claudication.

The history of women and hemophilia: a narrative review of evolving beliefs and testing practices.

The history of hemophilia is well-documented, yet reports focus heavily on the male-perspective and severe forms of the disease. Although hemophilia was initially believed to only affect men with women seen as silent carriers, it is now universally acknowledged that women and girls can also be affected. In this narrative review, we track the progression of beliefs about women and hemophilia as documented in the literature from pre-1800's to the present time.

Experimental investigation on the effect of concentration on the resonance frequency of lipid coated ultrasonically excited microbubbles.

This study presents an experimental investigation of the influence of MB concentration on the resonance frequency of lipid-coated microbubbles (MBs). Expanding on theoretical models and numerical simulations from previous research, this work experimentally investigates the effect of MB size on the rate of resonance frequency increase with concentration, a phenomenon observed across MBs with two different lipid compositions: propylene glycol (PG) and propylene glycol and glycerol (PGG). Employing a custom-designed ultrasound attenuation measurement setup, we measured the frequency-dependent attenuation of MBs, isolating MBs based on size to generate distinct monodisperse sub-populations for analysis.

Association between infertility and incident onset of systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease after childbirth: a population-based cohort study.

Study Question: What is the association between infertility with or without fertility treatment and incident onset of systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease (SARD) among women who give birth?

Summary Answer: Women who experienced infertility but did not use fertility treatment had a higher incidence of SARD up to 9 years after delivery than those who did not experience infertility, even after accounting for their higher rates of preeclampsia, spontaneous preterm birth, and stillbirth.

What Is Known Already: Infertility is increasingly common and is an under-appreciated risk marker for chronic diseases in women. Despite several studies documenting abnormal immune activity in women with infertility, little is known about the association between infertility and incidence of autoimmune diseases such as SARD which disproportionately develops in reproductive-aged women.

Therapeutic Potential of Intranasal Corticosteroids for Chronic Cough.

Chronic cough, a condition defined as a cough persisting for more than 8 weeks, remains a significant clinical challenge with a considerable impact on quality of life. Intranasal corticosteroids (INCS) are widely recommended in clinical guidelines for managing chronic cough, particularly in patients with associated upper airway conditions. However, the evidence base directly supporting this practice is surprisingly sparse, leaving clinicians to navigate a disconnect between guidelines and real-world applicability.

Global Insights from Patients, Providers, and Staff on Challenges and Solutions in Managing Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Introduction: Neovascular age-related macular degeneration is a global public-health concern, associated with a considerable burden to individuals, healthcare systems, and society. The objective of this study was to understand different perspectives on the challenges associated with the clinical management of neovascular age-related macular degeneration, which could elucidate measures to comprehensively improve clinical care and outcomes.

Methods: A survey was carried out of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration, their providers, and clinic staff in 77 clinics across 24 countries on six continents, from a diverse range of healthcare systems, settings, and reimbursement models.

Improving Clinical Management of Diabetic Macular Edema: Insights from a Global Survey of Patients, Healthcare Providers, and Clinic Staff.

Introduction: In contrast with patients receiving therapy for retinal disease during clinical trials, those treated in routine clinical practice experience various challenges (including administrative, clinic, social, and patient-related factors) that can often result in high patient and clinic burden, and contribute to suboptimal visual outcomes. The objective of this study was to understand the challenges associated with clinical management of diabetic macular edema from the perspectives of patients, healthcare providers, and clinic staff, and identify opportunities to improve eye care for people with diabetes.

Methods: We conducted a survey of patients with diabetic macular edema, providers, and clinic staff in 78 clinics across 24 countries on six continents, representing a diverse range of individuals, healthcare systems, settings, and reimbursement models.

Structural violence as a driver of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and low vaccine uptake among people experiencing homelessness in Toronto, Canada: A qualitative study.

Background: People experiencing homelessness are at increased risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2 and of severe complications of COVID-19. Vaccination is promoted as a key strategy to protect against severe illness from SARS-CoV-2 infection, but rates of vaccination among people experiencing homelessness are lower than the general population. Studies suggest lower uptake is a result of vaccine hesitancy, but few theoretically engage with the structural drivers of vaccine hesitancy.

PARTIAL OCCLUSION, LESS AKI: AN AORTA REGISTRY ANALYSIS OF PREBOA-PRO.

Background: Noncompressible torso hemorrhage remains a leading cause of potentially preventable deaths. Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) has emerged as an adjunct temporizing hemorrhage control. The complete occlusion strategy with the ER-REBOA catheter can cause distal ischemia when used for longer than 30 min.