Localizing motor entry points of adductor muscles of thigh for motor point procedures in the treatment of adductor spasticity.

Spasticity which is focal or segmental such as affecting a single muscle group or limb can be treated by chemical neurolysis or surgical denervation at the neurovascular hilus. This study determines the motor entry points (MEPs) of adductor muscles of the thigh in the adult Indian population and identifies precise anatomical landmarks for the successful performance motor point procedures for the relief of muscle spasticity. A total of 10 adult lower limbs were dissected, and nerve branches to adductor muscles were carefully exposed up to their MEP.

A systematic review of diabetic foot infections: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management strategies.

Background: Diabetic foot infection represents a significant complication of diabetes mellitus, contributing substantially to morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditure worldwide. Accurate diagnosis relies on a comprehensive assessment integrating clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and microbiological analysis. Management necessitates a multidisciplinary approach, encompassing surgical intervention, antimicrobial therapy, and advanced wound care strategies.

An unreported variant of palmaris longus muscle.

Palmaris longus is a highly variable muscle of the forearm. Knowledge of its variability is of importance to plastic surgeons, hand surgeons and radiologists. During our routine dissection classes for undergraduate medical students, a peculiar palmaris longus muscle was noted in the left upper limb of an adult male cadaver.

Leveraging Patient Education to Amplify Colorectal Cancer Screening in the United States: Strategies and Implications.

Despite several available screening modalities, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer deaths, especially among populations with lower screening rates. Barriers to screening include cost, access, awareness, and education disparities, with interventions such as patient education programs and mailed screening kits showing promise in increasing participation rates. The current review elucidates the correlation between patient awareness/knowledge and screening rates in the United States, highlighting the pivotal role of education in mitigating these deficiencies.

The psychosomatic impact of Yoga in medical education: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Non-clinical approaches such as meditation, yoga, and mindfulness are popular traditional therapeutical interventions adopted by many educational institutions to improve the physical and mental well-being of learners. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of yoga intervention in improving cardiopulmonary parameters such as blood pressure, heart rate, pulmonary function tests and psychosomatic symptoms such as depression, anxiety and stress in medical and dental students. Using the PRISMA protocol, a search from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Embase resulted in 304 relevant articles.

A rare femoral venous ladder encircling the femoral artery.

Femoral vein is increasingly used for venous cannulation procedures. Its anomalies in the femoral triangle could complicate these procedures. We report an extremely rare type of femoral venous ladder observed during routine cadaveric dissections.

Boerhaave's Syndrome Presenting in the Setting of Third-Degree Heart Block.

Introduction: Boerhaave's syndrome, or the spontaneous transmural perforation of the esophagus, is typically thought to be due to an increase in esophageal pressure such as that which occurs during vomiting or retching. Another common etiology of esophageal perforation is esophageal instrumentation, such as during esophagogastroduodenoscopy or transesophageal echocardiography. This life-threatening condition requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent patient demise.

The Potentiality of Prostate-Specific Antigen as a Prognostic Biomarker in Breast Cancer.

Background Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a well-established marker that can be measured as an indicator for screening, diagnosing, and managing prostate cancer due to its advanced tissue specificity. Numerous studies have revealed that free PSA is the predominant molecular form of PSA in breast cancer cases. In contrast, total PSA is prevalent in benign breast tumor cases and healthy females.

Polymelia (thoracomelia), an extremely rare appearance of congenital anomalic limb in a Nepalese child and its embryological basis.

Polymelia is an extremely rare congenital anomaly where an individual is born with an abnormally developed extra or supernumerary limb which is generally shrunken and functionless. A case of thoracomelia (a type of polymelia) was observed macroscopically and confirmed radiologically in 1.5 years old boy born in Nepal with an abnormal supernumerary upper limb attached to his back in the thoracic region.

Morphometric evaluation of the orbital region for sex determination in a Saudi Arabian population using 3DCT images.

In forensic anthropology, the analysis of variations in the orbitometric features plays a crucial role in identifying the sex of a skull detached from its skeleton. Therefore, it is essential to create population-specific values to maximize the accuracy rate of sex estimation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the orbital region morphometrically for sex determination in a Saudi Arabian population using CT scan images.

Recent Advancements in Epidural Etanercept for Pain Management in Radiculopathy: A Literature Review.

The most common etiology of low back and neck pain is associated with spinal cord pathologies. Regardless of origin, low back and neck pain are some of the most common causes of disability worldwide. Mechanical compression due to spinal cord diseases, such as degenerative disc disorders, can lead to radiculopathy, which manifests as numbness or tingling and can progress to loss of muscle function.

The Potential Role of Etanercept in the Management of Post-stroke Pain: A Literature Review.

Strokes are the second leading cause of death and disability worldwide. The brain injury resulting from stroke produces a persistent neuroinflammatory response in the brain, resulting in a spectrum of neurologic dysfunction affecting stroke survivors chronically, also known as post-stroke pain. Excess production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of stroke survivors has been implicated in post-stroke pain.

Efficacy of Lanthanum Carbonate and Sevelamer Carbonate as Phosphate Binders in Chronic Kidney Disease-A Comparative Clinical Study.

(1) Background: Hyperphosphatemia is correlated with an increased rate of mortality and morbidity due to cardiovascular diseases in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. It can be improved by restricting dietary intake of phosphate and oral phosphate binders, such as lanthanum carbonate and sevelamer carbonate. (2) Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of sevelamer carbonate in comparison to lanthanum carbonate as phosphate binders for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in CKD patients.

Virtual Versus Light Microscopy Usage among Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analytic Evidence in Medical Education.

Background: The usage of whole-slide images has recently been gaining a foothold in medical education, training, and diagnosis.

Objectives: The first objective of the current study was to compare academic performance on virtual microscopy (VM) and light microscopy (LM) for learning pathology, anatomy, and histology in medical and dental students during the COVID-19 period. The second objective was to gather insight into various applications and usage of such technology for medical education.

Academic and Social Impact of Menstrual Disturbances in Female Medical Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: The stressful academic schedule of medical students poses an obvious challenge to their daily lifestyle. Psychosomatic discomfort poses a significant risk for inaccurate self-medication for ameliorating menstrual complications and feeling better, thus directly impacting personal and academic wellbeing.

Objective: The impact of menstrual disturbances on academic life is not extensively explored.

The efficacy of adjuvant N acetyl cysteine for the eradication of H pylori infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Background: Biofilm-producing bacteria are relatively resistant to antibiotics, as the penetration of antibiotics into the endopolysaccharide envelope is incomplete. N Acetyl cysteine (NAC) is known to destabilize the biofilms, as it cleaves the disulfide bonds of mucus glycoproteins, reducing the viscosity and thickness of mucus. This allows NAC to act synergistically with antibiotics for the eradication of H Pylori.

Immunoglobulin Light Chain Amyloidosis Presenting as Inferior Vena Cava Thrombosis.

Immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis is a rare disease characterized by the deposition of misfolded extracellular proteins within various body tissues resulting in dysfunction of the cardiac, renal, gastrointestinal, hematologic, and nervous systems, among others. Systemic AL amyloidosis often presents with a constellation of vague symptoms such as fatigue, dyspnea, and abdominal pain. Untreated AL amyloidosis with cardiac involvement is rapidly fatal with a median survival of 6 months.

Association of Cardiology Billing Amounts With Health Care Utilization and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation.

Background The relationship between health care utilization and outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation is unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate whether cardiologists' billing amounts in a fee-for-service environment are associated with better patient-level clinical outcomes. Methods and Results A retrospective cohort study was conducted using administrative claims data of cardiologists in Ontario, Canada between April 1, 2011 and March 31, 2016.

Canadian national electrophysiology ablation registry report 2011-2016.

Background/purpose: Interventional cardiac electrophysiology (EP) is a rapidly evolving field in Canada; a nationwide registry was established in 2011 to conduct a periodic review of resource allocation.

Methods: The registry collects annual data on EP lab infrastructure, imaging, tools, human resources, procedural volumes, success rates, and wait times. Leading physicians from each EP lab were contacted electronically; participation was voluntary.

A Case of Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma in Complete Remission Using Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy.

Among the various types of cancer, pancreatic cancer is considered to have a particularly grim prognosis. Treatment includes surgery, chemotherapy, or both. While the role of immunotherapy is well-studied in many types of cancer, such is not the case with pancreatic cancer.

A Comprehensive Review of Pharmaceutical and Surgical Interventions of Prostate Cancer.

As the second most common cause of death amongst men in the United States, prostate cancer is a type of cancer that is known to develop and originate in the prostate gland. The main function of the prostate gland is to produce seminal fluid in which the sperm bathes. The seminal fluids are necessary for allowing the sperm to move easily through the urethra and also allows successful fertilization by providing an alkaline environment for the sperm in the acidic nature of the vagina.

COVID-19-Induced Hepatic Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background The current pandemic of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global health challenge. Pulmonary dysfunction is the main outcome of COVID-19 infection. In critically ill patients, however, liver complications have also been reported.

Use of CT Scans for Abdominal Pain in the ED: Factors in Choice.

Overutilization of healthcare resources is a threat to long-term healthcare sustainability and patient outcomes. CT is a costly but efficient means of assessing abdominal pain; however, 97 per cent of ED physicians acknowledge its overutilization. This study sought to understand factors that influence ED providers' decision regarding CT use in the evaluation of abdominal pain.

A Case of Septum Pellucidum Agenesis in a Patient with Psychotic Symptoms.

Agenesis of the septum pellucidum is a rare congenital defect that has been associated with psychiatric disorders, cognitive deficits, learning disabilities, seizures, and neuropsychiatric disturbances. We present the case of a patient with partial agenesis of the septum pellucidum who exhibits disorganized behavior and paranoid and persecutory delusions. We add to the literature of incidental neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with partial agenesis of the septum pellucidum which is an area that requires further exploration and study.