Significant Disparities in Adolescents With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Across Trauma Center Types: Wide Variation of Tracheostomy and Gastrostomy.

Objectives: To explore practice variations in the rate and timing of tracheostomy and gastrostomy for adolescent with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) across trauma center types.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Trauma centers participating in the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program (2017-2021) included adult (ATC), mixed (MTC), and pediatric trauma centers (PTC).

Restrictive or Liberal Blood Transfusion in Patients with Myocardial Infarction and CKD.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with higher risk of myocardial infarction and anemia. Among patients with anemia and CKD who experience myocardial infarction, it remains uncertain if a liberal red blood cell transfusion threshold strategy (hemoglobin cutoff [Hgb] < 10 g/dL) is superior to a restrictive transfusion threshold (Hgb 7-8 g/dL) strategy.

Methods: Among the 3,504 patients enrolled in the Myocardial Ischemia and Transfusion (MINT) trial with non-missing creatinine, we compared baseline characteristics and 30-day and 6-month outcomes of patients without CKD (N = 1279), CKD with eGFR 30-60 mL/min/1.

Cold versus hot snare endoscopic mucosal resection of colorectal polyps: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background And Aims: Interest in cold endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for colorectal polyps has been growing lately. We conducted a meta-analysis of RCTs to compare cold and hot EMR for colorectal polyps.

Methods: We reviewed several databases from inception to October 06, 2024.

Efficacy and safety of fully covered self-expanding metal stents in the management of Post sphincterotomy bleeding: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background And Aims: Fully covered self-expandable metallic stents (FCSEMS) are often used in the management of post-sphincterotomy bleeding which is refractory to conventional endoscopic treatments. In this meta-analysis, we have evaluated the efficacy and safety of FCSEMS in the management of post-sphincterotomy bleeding.

Methods: We reviewed several databases from inception to November 6, 2024 to identify studies that evaluated the efficacy, and/or safety of FCSEMS in the management of post sphincterotomy bleeding.

Relationship Between Severity of Ischemia and Coronary Artery Disease for Different Stress Test Modalities in the ISCHEMIA Trial.

Background: The relationship between the extent and severity of stress-induced ischemia and the extent and severity of anatomic coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with obstructive CAD is multifactorial and includes the intensity of stress achieved, type of testing used, presence and extent of prior infarction, collateral blood flow, plaque characteristics, microvascular disease, coronary vasomotor tone, and genetic factors. Among chronic coronary disease participants with site-determined moderate or severe ischemia, we investigated associations between ischemia severity on stress testing and the extent of CAD on coronary computed tomography angiography.

Methods: Clinically indicated stress testing included nuclear imaging, echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, or nonimaging exercise tolerance test.

Efficacy and pharmacological assessment of novel -hydroxypyridinediones as hepatitis B virus ribonuclease H inhibitors.

We previously reported -hydroxypyridinedione (HPD) compounds with mid-nanomolar efficacy and selectivity indexes around 300 against hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. However, they lack pharmacological evaluation. Here, we report anti-HBV efficacy, cytotoxicity, and pharmacological characterization of 29 novel HPDs within seven subgroups.

Differential Effects of Extracellular Vesicles from Two Different Glioblastomas on Normal Human Brain Cells.

Glioblastomas (GBMs) are dreadful brain tumors with abysmal survival outcomes. GBM extracellular vesicles (EVs) dramatically affect normal brain cells (largely astrocytes) constituting the tumor microenvironment (TME). We asked if EVs from different GBM patient-derived spheroid lines would differentially alter recipient brain cell phenotypes.

Challenges in implementation of molecular classification in early stage endometrial cancer-An NRG Oncology cooperative group mixed-methods study.

Background: Professional guidelines recommend molecular profiling for mismatch repair (MMR), p53, and polymerase epsilon (POLE) status in endometrial cancer (EC). However, adoption in the United States has not been documented, and barriers to the implementation of testing have not been described.

Methods: In this mixed-methods study, implementation science frameworks were used to develop a quantitative survey.

Arc-like curvilinear bullet pathways along inner surface of skull - two cases.

To provide example cases within the peer-reviewed literature of a phenomenon related to certain gunshot wounds of the head where the bullet pathway courses along the inner table of the skull. Presentation of two cases discovered at medicolegal autopsy. The two cases provide radiologic and autopsy demonstration of bullet pathways within the head where the projectiles track along the inner aspect of the cranium, in a circumferential manner, such that the bullets are recovered in a location on the opposite side of the brain/head, with no projectile pathway within the intervening deep structures of the brain.

Effect of Four Hemoglobin Transfusion Threshold Strategies in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction and Anemia : A Target Trial Emulation Using MINT Trial Data.

Background: The optimal hemoglobin threshold to guide red blood cell (RBC) transfusion for patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) and anemia is uncertain.

Objective: To estimate the efficacy of 4 individual hemoglobin thresholds (<10 g/dL [<100 g/L], <9 g/dL [<90 g/L], <8 g/dL [<80 g/L], and <7 g/dL [<70 g/L]) to guide transfusion in patients with acute MI and anemia.

Design: Prespecified secondary analysis of the MINT (Myocardial Ischemia and Transfusion) trial using target trial emulation methods.

Hereditary thrombophilia as a possible risk factor for severe disease in COVID-19: a case series.

Purpose: The risk factors that modulate one's susceptibility for severe COVID-19 have been well documented. Despite this, hypercoagulability remains an often overlooked risk factor for severe disease for COVID-19. Because COVID-19 infection is a risk factor for hypercoagulability, a reasonable presumption/hypothesis is that patients with hereditary thrombophilia would be at a higher risk of thrombotic complications associated with COVID-19 infection.