Do mechanisms matter? Comparing cancer treatment strategies across mathematical models and outcome objectives.

When eradication is impossible, cancer treatment aims to delay the emergence of resistance while minimizing cancer burden and treatment. Adaptive therapies may achieve these aims, with success based on three assumptions: resistance is costly, sensitive cells compete with resistant cells, and therapy reduces the population of sensitive cells. We use a range of mathematical models and treatment strategies to investigate the tradeoff between controlling cell populations and delaying the emergence of resistance.

A multispectral-sensor-based colorimetric reader for biological assays.

Tests that depend on changes in color are commonly used in biosensing. Here, we report on a colorimetric reader for such applications. The device is simple to construct and operate, making it ideal for research laboratories with limited resources or skilled personnel.

Preliminary evidence for timing abnormalities in the CNTNAP2 knockout rat.

The CNTNAP2 gene has been implicated in several neuropsychological disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia. The CNTNAP2 knockout (KO) rat model, rats without the CNTNAP2 gene, exhibits deficits in social interaction and increases in both repetitive and anxiety-like behaviors. However, deficits in time perception that may underlie several of the neuropsychological disorders implicated have not been investigated.

Timing and Intertemporal Choice Behavior in the Valproic Acid Rat Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Recently it has been proposed that impairments related to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may reflect a more fundamental disruption in time perception. Here, we examined whether in utero exposure to valproic acid (VPA) can generate specific behavioral deficits related to ASD and time perception. Pups from control and VPA groups were tested using fixed-interval (FI) temporal bisection, peak interval, and intertemporal choice tasks.

Community Perspectives During a Lead Contaminated Drinking Water Crisis: Lessons for Lactation and Other Health Providers.

Background: Millions of people today live in contaminated environments. Often, these environments disproportionately affect nonwhite, racialized families who are low-income, pregnant, and/or feeding young children. Despite the overwhelming recognition among scholars and practitioners of these realities, however, few lactation or other health professionals center socially disadvantaged families' perspectives in their work.

Proton-controlled non-exponential photoluminescence in a pyridylamidine-substituted Re(I) complex.

Chemical intuition and well-known design principles can typically be used to create ligand environments in transition metal complexes to deliberately tune reactivity for desired applications. However, intelligent ligand design does not always result in the expected outcomes. Herein we report the synthesis and characterization of a tricarbonyl rhenium (2,2'-bipyridine) 4-pyridylamidine, Re(4-Pam), complex with unexpected photophysical properties.

Complexity of the Nano-Bio Interface and the Tortuous Path of Metal Oxides in Biological Systems.

Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have received a great deal of attention as potential theranostic agents. Despite extensive work on a wide variety of metal oxide NPs, few chemically active metal oxide NPs have received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance. The clinical translation of metal oxide NP activity, which often looks so promising in preclinical studies, has not progressed as rapidly as one might expect.

Dental care - an emotional and physical challenge for the sexually abused.

The aim was to explicate persistent psychological and bodily memories of sexual abuse and how they are expressed during dental appointments. The participants comprised 13 sexually abused individuals (11 women), who recalled and expressed these experiences during a dental appointment. They were encouraged to describe, in detail, aspects of the appointment which triggered memories of the sexual abuse.

Navigating the nationalist landscape of exclusion: Armenian citizens of Turkey and the politics of naming.

This article examines how Armenian citizens of Turkey employ names and naming strategies in their everyday life in order to navigate a nationalist social landscape. Studies of nationalist politics in everyday life have been particularly successful in demonstrating how nationalism is experienced and reproduced through the consumption of national symbols and rituals. What remains relatively glossed over in these accounts are the individuals' constant and dynamic engagements with nationalist politics not only through national symbols and rituals but also through everyday social practices with fellow citizens.

SNAPSHOT USA 2019: a coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States.

With the accelerating pace of global change, it is imperative that we obtain rapid inventories of the status and distribution of wildlife for ecological inferences and conservation planning. To address this challenge, we launched the SNAPSHOT USA project, a collaborative survey of terrestrial wildlife populations using camera traps across the United States. For our first annual survey, we compiled data across all 50 states during a 14-week period (17 August-24 November of 2019).

Covid-19 shocks to education supply: how 200,000 U.S. households dealt with the sudden shift to distance learning.

Among the extraordinary shocks to household life caused by the Covid-19 pandemic was the sudden shift to distance learning in K-12 schools. Gone were Monday through Friday routines of school day, extracurricular activities, and evening homework; schools scrambled to launch alternative delivery systems, expecting parents to step in and spend significant amounts of time helping children continue to learn. This study examines the sudden shift to distance learning using data from U.

The Health Disparities Field Experience: College students and community health workers in the field.

Context: Immersing students studying health promotion and disease prevention into community settings facing health disparities is an essential supplement to their academic experience. As part of many public health professions, these students will likely need to understand the values and beliefs of different cultures so that decisions of appropriate health promotion and treatment can be made equitably. This paper evaluates an education immersion program that was part of a National Cancer Institute funded collaboration supporting the recruitment and training of university students in cancer research.

Statistical Significance Filtering Overestimates Effects and Impedes Falsification: A Critique of.

Whether in meta-analysis or single experiments, selecting results based on statistical significance leads to overestimated effect sizes, impeding falsification. We critique a quantitative synthesis that used significance to score and select previously published effects for situation awareness-performance associations (Endsley, 2019). How much does selection using statistical significance quantitatively impact results in a meta-analytic context? We evaluate and compare results using significance-filtered effects versus analyses with all effects as-reported.

COVID-19 Remote Learning Transition in Spring 2020: Class Structures, Student Perceptions, and Inequality in College Courses.

The COVID-19 pandemic forced all face-to-face college courses to transition to remote instruction. This article explores instructional techniques used in the transition, student perceptions of effectiveness/enjoyment/accessibility of those techniques, barriers that students faced due to the transition, and race/class/gender inequality in experiencing those barriers. We used surveys in introductory courses by two instructors (the authors) to compare students' reactions to our transitions and the transitions in their other courses.

Empathy: An Integral Model in Clinical Social Work.

Empathy has held a vital and enduring standing in the theory and practice of clinical social work. Defining and conceptualizing empathy is a continuing challenge in social work and across the human services. A multitude of definitions of empathy exist in the therapeutic literature, creating confusion relating to research findings and treatment processes.

Variable and Biological Effects of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle Formulations.

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) exhibit redox capacity with efficacy in disease models of oxidative stress. Here we compare, in parallel, three CeNP formulations with distinct chemical stabilizers and size. assays revealed antioxidant activity from all the CeNPs, but when administered to mice with a reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated model of multiple sclerosis, only custom-synthesized Cerion NRx (CNRx) citrate-EDTA stabilized CeNPs provided protection against disease.

Response of Coffee Farms to Hurricane Maria: Resistance and Resilience from an Extreme Climatic Event.

Resistance and resilience have become important concepts in the evaluation of disturbance events, providing a framework that is useful in light of the expected increase in frequency and occurrences of hurricanes as a consequence of climate change. Hurricane Maria landed on Puerto Rico as a category 4 storm in September of 2017. Among the affected elements were agricultural systems, including coffee agroecosystems.

Antioxidant Enzyme-Mimetic Activity and Neuroprotective Effects of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Stabilized with Various Ratios of Citric Acid and EDTA.

Cerium oxide (CeO) nanoparticles (CeNPs) are potent antioxidants that are being explored as potential therapies for diseases in which oxidative stress plays an important pathological role. However, both beneficial and toxic effects of CeNPs have been reported, and the method of synthesis as well as physico-chemical, biological, and environmental factors can impact the ultimate biological effects of CeNPs. In the present study, we explored the effect of different ratios of citric acid (CA) and EDTA (CA/EDTA), which are used as stabilizers during synthesis of CeNPs, on the antioxidant enzyme-mimetic and biological activity of the CeNPs.

Correction to: Visual search asymmetry depends on target-distractor feature similarity: Is the asymmetry simply a result of distractor rejection speed?

In the original version of the published article the stimuli in Table 2 and Figure 2 were displayed incorrectly.

Visual search asymmetry depends on target-distractor feature similarity: Is the asymmetry simply a result of distractor rejection speed?

Previous studies have shown that in visual search, varying the target and distractor familiarity produces a search asymmetry: Detecting a novel target among familiar distractors is more efficient than detecting a familiar target among novel distractors. One explanation is that novel targets have enhanced salience and are detected preattentively. Conversely, familiar distractors may be easier to reject.

Advances in Understanding Parosmia: An fMRI Study.

Introduction: A number of patients with a diminished sense of smell also can suffer from parosmia. These patients with such a qualitative smell disorder are often more severely affected than patients exhibiting only a quantitative smell disorder. Qualitative smell disorders have heretofore been poorly investigated.

Indirect effects of climate change altered the cannibalistic behaviour of shell-drilling gastropods in Antarctica during the Eocene.

The fossil record from Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula, provides a record of biotic response to the onset of global climatic cooling during the Eocene. Using drilling traces-small, round holes preserved on prey shells-we examined the effect of a cooling pulse 41 Ma on the cannibalistic behaviour of predatory naticid gastropods. We predicted that cannibalistic attacks would decline in response to the cooling climate, reflecting reduced activity levels, energy requirements and constraints on the chemically aided drilling process of the naticids.