Distribution of bone fragments in angled shots: an experimental study conducted on composite models containing artificial bone plates.

In conventional gunshot injuries to targets containing bone the resulting osseous fragments do not precede but follow the bullet on its further way through adjacent soft tissues. The term "secondary projectiles" for the particles does not appear to be appropriate since they are not believed to have enough energy necessary for creating their own wound channels away from the temporary cavity. Former studies have shown that in angled shots to glass panes the bulk of splinters does not follow the bullet's trajectory: The majority of the glass fragments, especially the larger ones, move at right angles to the pane shot through.

Automated external defibrillators and the link to first responder systems.

Purpose Of Review: Automated external defibrillators are a very effective treatment to convert ventricular fibrillation (VF) in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. The purpose of this paper is to review recent publications related to automated external defibrillators (AEDs).

Recent Findings: Much of the recent research focus on ways to utilize publicly available AEDs included in different national/regional registers.

Telephone cardiopulmonary resuscitation, first responder systems, cardiac arrest centers, and global campaigns to save lives.

Purpose Of Review: The latest resuscitation guidelines contain a new chapter, which focuses on systems improving care for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). In this article, we describe recent developments regarding telephone cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), first responder systems, cardiac arrest centers, and global campaigns.

Recent Findings: Telephone CPR has been implemented in many countries, and recent developments include artificial intelligence and video calls to improve dispatch assisted CPR.

Is an intraoperative liver function assessment possible? Application of the C-methacetin-breath-test during major liver resections - a pilot study.

Background: As prevention of posthepatectomy-liver-failure is crucial, there is need of dynamic assessment of liver function, even intraoperatively. C-methacetin-breath-test estimates the organ's microsomal functional capacity. This is its first intraoperative evaluation in major liver surgery.

Gunshot wounds in parenchymatous organs: the morphology mainly depends on the physical properties of the affected tissues.

In contrast to gunshot wounds in skin and bone, the medico-legal literature pays little attention to the appearance of bullet penetration sites in abdominal organs. It was only in 1983 that Metter and Schulz published an article entitled "Morphological features of gunshot wounds in the liver and spleen." According to their observations, the organs in question showed stellate tears at the bullet penetration sites resembling skin wounds from contact shots to body regions having a bony support.

Effect of Radiotherapy Dose on Outcome in Nonmetastatic Ewing Sarcoma.

Purpose: Radiation therapy (RT) is an integral part of Ewing sarcoma (EwS) therapy. The Ewing 2008 protocol recommended RT doses ranging from 45 to 54 Gy. However, some patients received other doses of RT.

Observational study on implications of the COVID-19-pandemic for cardiopulmonary resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: qualitative and quantitative insights from a model region in Germany.

Background: The city of Freiburg has been among the most affected regions by the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. In out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) care, all parts of the rescue system were exposed to profound infrastructural changes. We aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of these changes in the resuscitation landscape in the Freiburg region.

Smartphone based alerting of first responders during the corona virus disease-19 pandemic: An observational study.

Smartphone alerting systems (SAS) for first responders potentially shorten the resuscitation-free interval of patients with acute cardiac arrest. During the corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, many systems are suspended due to potential risks for the responders.Objective of the study was to establish a concept for SAS during the COVID-19 pandemic and to evaluate whether a SAS can safely be operated in pandemic conditions.

Button batteries and typical swallowed foreign bodies can be differentiated in high-resolution X-Rays.

Background: Button battery ingestions have emerged as an increasing medical issue in recent years, especially for children. The frequent use of these energy sources in small appliances and toys is responsible for their ubiquitous occurrence in households. In addition to other possible foreign bodies, button batteries are particularly dangerous as they can cause severe complications in the aerodigestive tract.

The Role of Adrenoceptors in the Retina.

The retina is a part of the central nervous system, a thin multilayer with neuronal lamination, responsible for detecting, preprocessing, and sending visual information to the brain. Many retinal diseases are characterized by hemodynamic perturbations and neurodegeneration leading to vision loss and reduced quality of life. Since catecholamines and respective bindings sites have been characterized in the retina, we systematically reviewed the literature with regard to retinal expression, distribution and function of alpha (α)-, alpha (α)-, and beta (β)-adrenoceptors (ARs).

Defining 'undersizing' in short-stem total hip arthroplasty: the importance of sufficient contact with the lateral femoral cortex.

Introduction: Undersizing is 1 of the main reasons for early implant failure. Adequate sizing in short-stem total hip arthroplasty can be challenging and, so far, lacks key decision criteria.

Methods: We included 191 calcar-guided short stems.

Wire-frame integrity of patch-like Gore devices following atrial septal defect closure.

Objectives: To assess the structural integrity of the patch-like Gore Septal Occluder (GSO) used for device closure of secundum-type atrial septal defects (ASD II) in pediatric patients.

Background: GSO has shown to be effective and safe for ASD device closure in children and adolescents.

Methods: Single-center, retrospective mid- to long-term follow-up of all children and adolescents with a GSO in situ (≥12 months).

Influence of side-effects on early therapy persistence with letrozole in post-menopausal patients with early breast cancer: Results of the prospective EvAluate-TM study.

Background: Endocrine treatment (ET) with an aromatase inhibitor (AI) is the treatment of choice in post-menopausal patients with hormone receptor-positive early breast cancer (EBC). However, adverse events (AEs) often lead to treatment discontinuation. This analysis aimed to identify side-effects that lead to patients failing to persist with letrozole treatment.

Influence of patient and tumor characteristics on early therapy persistence with letrozole in postmenopausal women with early breast cancer: results of the prospective Evaluate-TM study with 3941 patients.

Background: Patients' compliance and persistence with endocrine treatment has a significant effect on the prognosis in early breast cancer (EBC). The purpose of this analysis was to identify possible reasons for non-persistence, defined as premature cessation of therapy, on the basis of patient and tumor characteristics in individuals receiving adjuvant treatment with letrozole.

Patients And Methods: The EvAluate-TM study is a prospective, multicenter, noninterventional study in which treatment with the aromatase inhibitor letrozole was evaluated in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive EBC in the early therapy phase.

Implementation of a novel efficacy score to compare sealing and cutting devices in a porcine model.

Background: In general surgery, minimally invasive laparoscopic procedures have been steadily increasing over the last decade. The application of advanced bipolar and ultrasonic energy devices for sealing and cutting of blood vessels plays a vital role in routine clinical procedures. The advantages of energy-based instruments are enhanced sealing capability combined with both fast sealing time and minimal thermal injury.

Sporting Activity Is Reduced 11 Years After First-Generation Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation in the Knee Joint.

Background: Little is known about long-term sporting activity after periosteal autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI-P) and its correlation to clinical, morphological, and ultrastructural cartilage characteristics on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Purpose: To evaluate long-term sporting activity after ACI-P and to correlate with clinical and MRI findings.

Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Diagnosis and Therapy of Female Pelvic Organ Prolapse. Guideline of the DGGG, SGGG and OEGGG (S2e-Level, AWMF Registry Number 015/006, April 2016).

The aim was to establish an official interdisciplinary guideline, published and coordinated by the German Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics (DGGG). The guideline was developed for use in German-speaking countries. In addition to the Germany Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the guideline has also been approved by the Swiss Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics (SGGG) and the Austrian Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics (OEGGG).

Occupational syncarcinogenesis in the skin - combined effects of two carcinogens from the German occupational disease list.

Background: Though scientifically undisputed, cutaneous syncarcinogenesis is not reflected in German occupational disease (OD) regulations, which tend to be guided by the tenet of monocausality. Recognition of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and its precursor lesions as OD requires individual assessment as to whether the requirements pursuant to either OD 5103 (occupational exposure to natural UV radiation) or OD 5102 (occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) are fulfilled.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 28 patients (median age 72.