Renal Histopathological Changes in Children With Congenital Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction.

Renal histologic changes in congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO), although well documented, are sparsely studied in children. This study aims to establish a histological grading depending on the glomerular and tubulo-interstitial changes in hydronephrotic kidneys and determine correlation with age at surgery and impact on function post-pyeloplasty. A renal cortical wedge biopsy was obtained after pyeloplasty and histological changes were graded from 1 to 4.

Epidemiology of Neurotrauma in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Single-center Experience of 10 Years.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children can lead to grave consequences. The mechanism, mode, and management of pediatric neurotrauma are different from adult neurotrauma, and there is a growing demand to study the clinicoepidemiology of pediatric TBI.

Objective: To explore the clinicoepidemiological profile and outcome of pediatric neurotrauma.

Intramuscular Cellular Nodules in a Congenital Large Plaque-Like Blue Nevus: Melanoma or Not?

Introduction: Melanoma arising in blue nevus (BN) is usually evident on histopathology. However, there are cases in the gray zone where neither morphology nor immunostains and molecular studies are conclusive.

Case Report: A 33-year-old man presented with greenish discoloration of the abdominal skin at birth.

Neurocysticercosis: unwinding the radiological conundrum.

Purpose: To study the distinct imaging characteristics of parenchymal neurocysticercosis (NCC) that aid in distinguishing it from other diseases.

Material And Methods: Two hundred fifty patients with NCC were selected based on identification of the scolex. T2 weighted, T1 fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), T2 FLAIR, susceptibility weighted imaging, constructive interference in steady state, diffusion weighted imaging, and T1 weighted contrast sequences were performed.

Feasibility of Implementing Resuscitation Training for Parents of At-risk Infants at Discharge (FIRST AID).

Introduction: Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) graduates are at risk of sudden death at home after discharge. Many of these deaths can be prevented if parents can identify warning signs and provide immediate resuscitation.

Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of training parents of high-risk neonates in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to deliver infant resuscitation effectively.

Mortality in Haemophilia Patients in India: A National Cohort Study.

Introduction: Mortality and morbidity in persons with haemophilia (PWH) have decreased due to improved diagnosis and treatment along with comprehensive population outreach efforts, but the impact is not uniform in different countries.

Aim: The study aims to assess all-cause and intracranial haemorrhage (ICH)-specific mortality of PWH in India.

Methods: This is a retrospective, observational, multi-centric cohort study of 1020 haemophilia patients from three centres in India.

IPNA clinical practice recommendations on care of pediatric patients with pre-existing kidney disease during seasonal outbreak of COVID-19.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, instigated by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has profoundly impacted healthcare infrastructures around the globe. While children are usually asymptomatic or have mild symptoms, children with pre-existing kidney conditions require specialized attention. This pivotal report, championed by the International Pediatric Nephrology Association (IPNA), delivers precise and actionable recommendations tailored for pediatric patients with kidney ailments in this pandemic landscape.

Preoperative coagulopathy and blood transfusion requirements in children with intraventricular lesions undergoing neurosurgery: a retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: Pediatric patients undergoing neurosurgery pose risk of perioperative hemorrhage and clotting dysfunction which is increased in tumors with high vascularity, endothelial exposure, and necrosis. Lesions affecting the ventricular system may arise from several etiologies, including rare tumors. The present study aimed to study the preoperative coagulation and transfusion profile of pediatric patients undergoing neurosurgery for intraventricular lesions.

Disparities in kidney care in vulnerable populations: A multinational study from the ISN-GKHA.

Vulnerable populations, such as the elderly, children, displaced people, and refugees, often encounter challenges in accessing healthcare. In this study, we used data from the third iteration of the International Society of Nephrology Global Kidney Health Atlas (ISN-GKHA) to describe kidney care access and delivery to vulnerable populations across countries and regions. Using data from an international survey of clinicians, policymakers, and patient advocates, we assessed the funding and coverage of vulnerable populations on all aspects of kidney replacement therapies (KRT).

Factors influencing confidence in tracheal intubation among neonatal trainees: A questionnaire-based study.

Aim: Tracheal intubation (TI) is pivotal in managing critically ill neonates. This study aims to investigate the disparities in exposure and training techniques that affect self-perceived confidence in neonatal fellows concerning TI.

Methods: A comprehensive, structured questionnaire-based survey was conducted among neonatal trainees from October to November 2022.

The Oral Bioavailability of Vitamin B at Different Doses in Healthy Indian Adults.

Background/objectives: The bioavailability of crystalline vitamin B (B) through active absorption is reported to have a maximum capacity of 1.5-2.5 µg per dose.

The application of machine learning for treatment selection of unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations: A secondary analysis of the ARUBA trial data.

Objective: To build a supervised machine learning (ML) model that selects the best first-line treatment strategy for unruptured bAVMs.

Methods: A Randomized Trial of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations (ARUBA) trial data was obtained from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). A team of five clinicians examined the demographic, clinical, and radiological details of each patient at baseline and reached a consensus on the best first-line treatment for bAVMs.

Evaluating the predictive efficacy of the El-Ganzouri risk index for difficult laryngoscopy and intubation with King Vision video laryngoscope: A prospective cohort study.

Background And Aims: El-Ganzouri risk index (EGRI) scoring is a predictive tool for difficult video laryngoscope (VL) guided tracheal intubation, and its use has been studied for various VLs. This study evaluates the predictive value of EGRI scoring for difficult laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation with King Vision VL.

Methods: Airway assessment was performed preinduction using the EGRI score.

A pilot study on the efficacy of 10600 nm carbon dioxide laser ablation in treatment of eyelid margin lesions.

Objectives: Eyelid margin lesions cause discomfort by impeding both central and peripheral vision, depending on their position on the eyelids, thus hindering everyday routines. However, surgical excision, radiofrequency, electrocautery, and cryosurgery are employed for treatment, although they are complicated and have functional limitations. Carbon dioxide (CO) lasers were used to assess the efficacy, safety, and patient satisfaction with CO laser ablation in managing eyelid margin lesions.

Study of Caregiver Burden in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis.

Background: Increased caregiver burden undermines caregivers' mental and physical health and is an under recognized but critical aspect for the success of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). This study was undertaken to quantify and identify the factors determining CAPD caregiver burden.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 51 caregivers of CAPD patients visiting the centers from July to August 2023.

Johanson-Blizzard syndrome with cystic dilation of the cochlea and hypoplastic modiolus: a case report.

Johanson-Blizzard syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterised by various systemic manifestations, including sensorineural hearing loss. We present a unique case of a 3.5-year-old girl with genetically confirmed Johanson-Blizzard syndrome, who exhibited typical features alongside rare radiological findings of cystic dilation of the cochlea and hypoplastic modiolus.

International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Clinical Practice Guideline for Treatment of Congenital Haemophilia-A Critical Appraisal.

Introduction: Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines drive optimal patient care and facilitate access to high-quality treatment. Creating guidelines for rare diseases such as haemophilia, where evidence does not often come from randomized controlled trials but from non-randomized and well-designed observational studies and real-world data, is challenging. The methodology used for assessing available evidence should consider this critical fact.

Postnatal growth of etiologically characterized preterm newborns according to gestational age at birth.

Objective: To examine the relationship between etiologically-based preterm birth sub-groups and early postnatal growth according to gestational age at birth.

Methods: Prospective, multinational, cohort study involving 15 hospitals that monitored preterm newborns to hospital discharge. Measures/exposures: maternal demographics; etiologically-based preterm birth sub-groups; very, moderate and late preterm categories, and feeding.

C3 glomerulopathy in children: experience at a resource-limited center.

Background: In children, C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by diverse clinicopathological profiles and kidney outcomes. However, diagnostic work-up in resource-limited settings is challenging because of the unavailability of complement assays and limited access to electron microscopy or genetic testing.

Purpose: This study aimed to describe the clinicopathological features and response to immunosuppression and evaluate renal outcomes among children with C3G in a resource-limited setting.

Retrospective Assessment of Post-Transurethral Resection of the Prostate Complications in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Patients: Impact of Acute Urinary Retention.

Background Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common urological condition affecting older men, leading to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and complications such as acute urinary retention (AUR), which can significantly impact quality of life. This study aims at comparing the postoperative outcomes and complication rates of monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) in BPH patients with and without AUR. By examining the differences in postoperative outcomes, the study seeks to highlight the impact of AUR on complications such as UTIs, prolonged catheterization, and extended hospital stays, and assess the potential clinical implications for improving treatment strategies in these patients.