COEPA ready: Innovative pedagogy for integrating social determinants of health in PharmD curricula.

Background: The American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy Curriculum Outcomes and Entrustable Professional Activities (COEPA) recognize the need for social determinants of health (SDH) education for pharmacy learners. However, there is a dearth of published strategies for incorporating comprehensive SDH education in Doctor of Pharmacy curricula. The objectives of this study were to: 1) highlight unpublished exemplars of SDH teaching models and 2) propose strategies for teaching SDH.

Hypothermia as a Presenting Sign of Venlafaxine-Induced Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome in 2 Neonates.

Maternal antidepressant use has increased during the past 2 decades, with venlafaxine emerging as a common agent during pregnancy. Both venlafaxine and its active metabolite possess prolonged half-lives in adults; however, abrupt discontinuation may lead to withdrawal including irritability, jitteriness, lethargy, restlessness, and insomnia. The drug and its metabolite readily cross the placenta, posing additional considerations during pregnancy.

Development of a brief stigma and perceptions questionnaire for pharmacists: An exploratory factor analysis approach in New York state counties enrolled in the healing communities study.

Introduction: Little is known about how pharmacists' attitudes and stigma toward naloxone and Medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) influence effective linkage to treatment. We examine the psychometrics of a new Pharmacist Opioid Use Disorder Perceptions Questionnaire (P-OUDP-Q), a multidimensional measure to examine pharmacists' stigma and perceptions related to MOUD in the New York State (NYS) site of the HEALing Communities Study.

Methods: The study recruited a sample of 324 pharmacists from 16 counties in NYS between January and June 2022.

Heart Failure Part 3: Diuretic Management in Older People.

Heart failure is a common condition in the older population. As severity progresses, fluid accumulates resulting in congestive symptoms. Loop diuretics are the cornerstone of managing fluid overload and dosing should target euvolemia and congestive symptoms.

Efficacy and safety of tirzepatide versus placebo in overweight or obese adults without diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Tirzepatide was approved to treat type 2 diabetes and obesity, but its efficacy and safety in patients without diabetes has not been investigated.

Aim: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tirzepatide compared to placebo in overweight or obese patients without diabetes.

Method: PubMed, Embase and Cochrane were searched on January 18, 2024.

Self-Reported Factors Involved in Attrition and Retention of Pharmacy Faculty.

Objective: To evaluate factors associated with pharmacy faculty attrition and retention.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was developed that consisted of 33 closed- and open-ended items related to reasons or potential reasons for leaving academia, motivating factors for staying in academia, and personal and professional demographic characteristics. The survey was distributed via Qualtrics to all current pharmacy faculty using the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy email listserv and posted in American Society of Health-System Pharmacists and American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy online communities to recruit participants who were no longer in academia.

Human cord plasma proteomic analysis reveals sexually dimorphic proteins associated with intrauterine growth restriction.

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with increased risk of cardiometabolic disease later in life and has been shown to affect female and male offspring differently, but the mechanisms remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to identify proteomic differences and metabolic risk markers in IUGR male and female neonates when compared to appropriate for gestational age (AGA) babies that will provide a better understanding of IUGR pathogenesis and its associated risks. Our results revealed alterations in IUGR cord plasma proteomes with most of the differentially abundant proteins implicated in peroxisome pathways.

Hyperuricemia and Gout: The Role of Losartan.

Losartan is the only angiotensin II receptor blocker that has shown to significantly lower uric acid levels. The addition of or switch to losartan as an antihypertensive agent for patients with gout is recommended by clinical guidelines because of its benefit as a uricosuric agent.

Assessing the Role of Initial Serum Calcium Concentration in Patients with Ethylene Glycol Poisoning.

Introduction: Assays for ethylene glycol (EG) with a rapid turn-around time are not routinely available. Clinicians must rely on historical features and readily available clinical tests, combined with clinical acumen, to guide the initial management of suspected EG poisoning. Hypocalcemia has been suggested as a clue supporting the diagnosis of EG poisoning in patients presenting with an unexplained high anion gap metabolic acidosis (HAGMA).

Finalizing the Work Related to the Curriculum Outcomes and Example Objectives and Entrustable Professional Activities (COEPA) Document: The Report of the 2022-2023 Academic Affairs Standing Committee.

The 2022-2023 Academic Affairs Committee (AAC) was charged to (1) complete the Center for the Advancement of Pharmacy Education Outcomes and Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) revisions (now renamed as COEPA - Curriculum Outcomes and Entrustable Professional Activities) after receiving feedback at the 2022 American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) Annual Meeting; (2) offer guidance on how the revised COEPA education outcomes and EPA statements should be used by member institutions, faculty, preceptor, and students; (3) guide input into the ongoing revision of the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) standards for the Doctor of Pharmacy program. The published report of the 2021-2022 AAC outlines the work of the Committee through the spring of 2022. This 2022-2023 AAC report focuses on the work related to finalizing the COEPA educational outcomes, EPAs, preamble, and glossary and formally receiving approval from the AACP Board of Directors.

The AACP Academic Affairs Committee's Final 2022 Curricular Outcomes and Entrustable Professional Activities (COEPA) for Pharmacy Graduates to Replace 2013 CAPE and 2016 EPAs.

The American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) Academic Affairs Committee was charged with revising both the 2013 Center for the Advancement of Pharmacy Education (CAPE) Educational Outcomes (EOs) and the 2016 Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs). The Committee changed the document name from the CAPE outcomes to COEPA, (Curricular Outcomes and Entrustable Professional Activities) since the EOs and EPAs would now be housed together. A draft of the COEPA EOs and EPAs was released at the AACP July 2022 Annual meeting.

Safety and Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Patients and Preexisting Autoimmune Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: Cancer patients with preexisting autoimmune diseases (AID) have been traditionally excluded from clinical trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) due to concerns for toxicity. As indications for ICI expand, more data are needed on the safety and efficacy of ICI treatment in cancer patients with AID.

Methods: We systematically searched for studies consisting of NSCLC, AID, ICI, treatment response, and adverse events.

Student Service-Learning Projects: Good Intentions, Questionable Impact.

Student pharmacist-led service-learning projects aimed at community engagement generally provide health education while promoting the pharmacy profession. Many such projects often assume the needs and wants of community residents, and key community partners are often left off the decision-making table when it comes to planning. This paper will offer some reflection and guidance for student organizations to consider when planning projects, with a focus on local community partnerships to identify and address needs for more meaningful and sustainable impact.

Massive Apixaban Overdose Confirmed with Blood Concentrations and Managed Without Bleeding: A Single Case Report.

Acute overdoses of apixaban, and other direct oral anticoagulants are relatively uncommon. The number of direct oral anticoagulants prescriptions in the United States is increasing, however reports on patient outcomes after documented overdose are sparse. A 76-year-old man with a past medical history of atrial fibrillation and taking apixaban 5 mg twice daily presented to the emergency department 10 hours after reportedly ingesting 60-70 of his pills.

A Review of the Safety and Efficacy of Apixaban in Patients With Severe Renal Impairment.

Apixaban is a direct-acting oral anticoagulant (DOAC) used to treat or prevent thromboembolic events. Renal impairment limits DOAC use. Studies supporting Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approval for apixaban did not include patients with a creatinine clearance < 25 mL/min.

Revising the Center for the Advancement of Pharmacy Education (CAPE) Educational Outcomes and Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs): The Report of the 2021-2022 Academic Affairs Standing Committee.

The 2021-22 Academic Affairs Committee was charged to 1) Update the Center for the Advancement of Pharmacy Education (CAPE) Outcomes and Entrustable Professional Activity (EPA) statements for new pharmacy graduates; 2) Nominate at least one person for an elected AACP or Council Office; and 3) Consider ways that AACP can improve its financial health. This report primarily focuses on the process undertaken by the committee to revise the CAPE Educational Outcomes and EPAs. Proposed changes to the current outcomes are discussed and the reasoning behind these revisions are described.

Enhancing Student Confidence in Diabetes Management Skills through Pharmacist-Run Group Classes in a Community Library.

: To evaluate student pharmacists' confidence after providing education within diabetes groups in a non-medical community setting. : Three 8-week diabetes group courses were developed and executed within a local public library. The courses aimed to teach participants with diabetes how to effectively manage their medical condition to prevent future related complications.

Relationship between advanced pharmacy practice experience grading schemes and pharmacy residency match rates.

Purpose: To determine the relationship of advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) grading schemes and other pharmacy program variables (ie, program age and funding) with pharmacy residency match rates.

Summary: A 12-question survey was disseminated to experiential administrators of pharmacy programs in October 2018. Respondents identified their program's APPE grading scheme (pass/fail, letter grades, or other) and associated pros and cons.

Clozapine Toxicity in Two Young Siblings Due to a Pharmacy Dispensing Error: a Pediatric Case Report.

Introduction: Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic used to treat refractory schizophrenia; in both therapeutic use and overdose, it can cause significant toxicity. We report two young siblings who developed altered mental status after ingesting clozapine due to a pharmacy dispensing error.

Case Report: A 5-year-old girl and her 19-month-old sister presented to the emergency department (ED) with altered mental status after they took their first dose of what was believed to be cimetidine, prescribed to treat molluscum contagiosum.

Light protection of parenteral nutrition, cholestasis, and other prematurity-related morbidities in premature infants.

Introduction: Parenteral Nutrition (PN) can lead to intestinal failure associated liver disease (IFALD). There are no human studies to date studying specifically the benefits of light-protection on neonatal IFALD. Recently, the European Medicines Agency and the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) both recommended full light protection of PN to reduce the risk of adverse clinical outcomes.

Expansion of Pharmacy Services During COVID-19: Pharmacists and Pharmacy Extenders Filling the Gaps Through Telehealth Services.

The Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic created a significant disruption in healthcare. In our health-system located in New York City, the provision of care in the ambulatory care setting moved to a remote model virtually overnight. We describe interventions made during the pandemic to transform ambulatory care pharmacy through expansion of telehealth services.