Association Between Language, Interpreter Use, and Pediatric Surgical Outcomes.

Background: Inequities exist in pediatric surgical outcomes. Differential outcomes have been identified across racial groups, geography, and socioeconomic standing. However, the association between preferred language, interpreter use, and surgical outcomes is not well-studied in pediatric surgical literature.

Subclonal TP53 and KRAS variants combined with poor treatment response identify ultra-high-risk pediatric T-ALL patients.

Variations in the TP53 and KRAS genes indicate a particularly adverse prognosis in relapsed pediatric T-ALL. We hypothesized that these variations might be subclonally present at disease onset and contribute to relapse risk. To test this, we examined two cohorts of children diagnosed with T-ALL: one with 81 patients who relapsed and 79 matched non-relapsing controls, and another with 226 consecutive patients, 30 of whom relapsed.

Multi-Modality Imaging in Cardio-Rheumatology.

Purpose Of Review: Our purpose was to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various noninvasive imaging modalities in the evaluation of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs). The detailed knowledge of imaging modalities will facilitate the diagnosis and follow up of CVD in ARDs.

Recent Findings: Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases (ARDs) are characterized by alterations in immunoregulatory system of the body.

Perioperative Management of Patients with Preeclampsia: A Comprehensive Review.

Preeclampsia is a common condition of pregnancy characterized by hypertension complicated by cerebral, cardiac, hepatic, renal, hematologic, and placental dysfunction. Patients with preeclampsia frequently undergo cesarean delivery, the most common major surgical procedure in the world. They represent a high-risk perioperative cohort suffering significant preventable morbidity and mortality.

The burden of Alagille syndrome: uncovering the potential of emerging therapeutics - a comprehensive systematic literature review.

Alagille syndrome (ALGS) is a rare, cholestatic multiorgan disease associated with bile duct paucity, leading to cholestasis. Clinical symptoms of cholestasis include debilitating pruritus, xanthomas, fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies, growth failure, renal disease and impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The main objective was to review the current literature on the epidemiological, clinical, psychosocial and economic burden of ALGS in view of the development of ileal bile acid transporter (IBAT) inhibitors.

The role of CNBP in brain atrophy and its targeting in myotonic dystrophy type 2.

Myotonic Dystrophy type 2 (DM2) is a multisystem disease affecting many tissues, including skeletal muscle, heart, and brain. DM2 is caused by unstable expansion of CCTG repeats in an intron 1 of a gene coding for cellular nuclear binding protein (CNBP). The expanded CCTG repeats cause DM2 pathology due to the accumulation of RNA CCUG repeats, which affect RNA processing in patients' cells.

Heterogeneous knowledge of childhood seizures and epilepsy care in Canadian healthcare Providers: Identifying the gaps.

Epilepsy is the most common chronic neurological condition in children. Many barriers exist in early recognition which cause delay in care and impact quality of life. Some of these children require advanced treatments which are underutilized due to lack of education, awareness and referrals.

Do national cancer control plans address care and research for children, adolescents, and young adults? A review of status, priorities, and recommendations across 41 European countries.

Paediatric cancers, although rare, are the leading cause of disease-related mortality in European children above one year. A key pillar of the European Health Union, Europe's Beating Cancer Plan (EBCP) puts a spotlight on childhood cancer. National Cancer Control Plans (NCCPs) have a key role but did not address childhood cancers sufficiently previously.

Enabling participation in community-dwelling children and young people with acquired brain injuries and their families: a theory-based, evidence-based and person-based approach to intervention development.

Objective: To codesign and develop an intervention to promote participation and well-being in children and young people (CYP) with acquired brain injury (ABI) and family caregivers.

Design: A complex intervention development study including a scoping review, mixed-methods study, co-design workshop and theoretical modelling.

Setting: Community-dwelling participants in one geographical region of the UK.

Scoping review of initiation criteria for inhaled nitric oxide in preterm infants (born <34 weeks) after 7 days of age.

Objectives: Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is a known treatment for pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants after 7 days of age (postacute phase). However, a consensus regarding the optimal criteria for initiating iNO therapy in this population in the postacute phase is currently lacking. This study, therefore, aimed to identify the criteria for initiating iNO therapy, alongside the associated clinical and echocardiographic findings, in this population.

How to Approach a Child About Concerns for Their Mental Health and Seeking Help: A Delphi Expert Consensus Study to Develop Guidelines on Mental Health First Aid for Supporting Children.

Background: Adults who live or work with children are an important source of support and are gateways to professional help when a child is experiencing a mental health problem. This study aimed to develop consensus-based guidelines on how adults such as parents, educators or health professionals should approach a child aged 5-12 years to discuss concerns about the child's mental health and seek help.

Methods: A Delphi consensus method with three rounds was used.

Screening of necroptosis-related genes and evaluating the prognostic capacity, clinical value, and the effect of their copy number variations in acute myeloid leukemia.

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematological neoplasm. Little improvement in survival rates has been achieved over the past few decades. Necroptosis has relationship with certain types of malignancies outcomes.

Specialized pericyte subtypes in the pulmonary capillaries.

Pericytes are essential for capillary stability and homeostasis, with impaired pericyte function linked to diseases like pulmonary arterial hypertension. Investigating pericyte biology has been challenging due to the lack of specific markers, making it difficult to distinguish pericytes from other stromal cells. Using bioinformatic analysis and RNAscope, we identified Higd1b as a unique gene marker for pericytes and subsequently generated a knock-in mouse line, Higd1b-CreERT2, that accurately labels pericytes in the lung and heart.

Reference intervals of inhibin B in Chinese children on chemiluminescence analyzer.

Inhibin B (INHB) is an emerging biomarker of sexual function diseases, but its clinical use in children is hindered due to the lacking reference intervals (RIs) based on age and sex. A total of 622 healthy Chinese children including 48.6% females and 51.

Venous Thromboembolism Occurrence and Association with Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children with Cystic Fibrosis: An Analysis from the TriNetX Research Network Global Multicenter Real-World Dataset.

The purpose of this study is to (1) estimate and compare the prevalence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in children (age 0 to ≤21) with versus without cystic fibrosis (CF); (2) investigate putative associations between specific gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations and the development of VTE among children with CF. This was a multicenter case-control analysis among patients aged 0 to ≤ 21 years between 2010 and 2020, using the TriNetX Research Network. Data queries included ICD-9/10 (International Classification of Diseases-9th/10th Revision) diagnosis codes.

Tenecteplase for the Treatment of Pediatric Arterial Ischemic Stroke: A Safety Surveillance Report.

Objectives: Intravenous tenecteplase (TNK) is increasingly used to treat adult patients with acute arterial ischemic stroke, but the risk profile of TNK in childhood stroke is unknown. This study aims to prospectively gather safety data regarding TNK administration in children.

Methods: Since December 2023, a monthly email survey was sent to participants recruited from the International Pediatric Stroke Study and Pediatric Neurocritical Care Research Group querying recent experience with TNK in childhood stroke.

Safety and Efficacy of IV Onasemnogene Abeparvovec for Pediatric Patients With Spinal Muscular Atrophy: The Phase 3b SMART Study.

Background And Objectives: Safety and efficacy of IV onasemnogene abeparvovec has been demonstrated for patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) weighing <8.5 kg. SMART was the first clinical trial to evaluate onasemnogene abeparvovec for participants weighing 8.

A 5-Year Review of Characteristics and Outcomes of Trauma Surgery Patients Leaving Against Medical Advice.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to characterize the demographic, social, economic, and clinical factors of trauma surgery patients leaving against medical advice (AMA).

Methods: Data were retroactively obtained from a level-one trauma center in a medium-sized metropolitan area from January 2017 to December 2021. The sample population consisted of patients admitted or treated by the trauma surgical service.

Significant Disparities in Adolescents With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Across Trauma Center Types: Wide Variation of Tracheostomy and Gastrostomy.

Objectives: To explore practice variations in the rate and timing of tracheostomy and gastrostomy for adolescent with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) across trauma center types.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Trauma centers participating in the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program (2017-2021) included adult (ATC), mixed (MTC), and pediatric trauma centers (PTC).

Treatment of focal anaplastic Wilms tumor: A report from the Children's Oncology Group AREN0321 and AREN03B2 studies.

Background: In the fifth National Wilms Tumor Study, patients received vincristine and dactinomycin (VA) without radiation for stage I focal anaplastic Wilms tumor (FAWT) and VA plus doxorubicin (DD4A) and radiation for stage II-IV FAWT. Four-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) for stage I FAWT were 67.5% and 88.

2024 HRS perspective on advancing workflows for CIED remote monitoring.

Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) generate substantial data, often stored in image or PDF formats. Remote monitoring, now an integral component of patient care, places considerable administrative burdens on clinicians and staff, in large part due to the challenge of integrating these data seamlessly into electronic health records. Since 2006, the Heart Rhythm Society, in collaboration with the CIED industry, has led an initiative to establish a unified standard nomenclature.

Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: 2024 update.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease with destructive arthritis as its main clinical manifestation, which is a major cause of disability. It is very important to formulate and update a guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of RA that adhere to international guideline development standards and can be applied to clinical practice in China. This guideline is endorsed and developed by the National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, collaborated with Rheumatologists Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Rheumatology Rehabilitation Branch of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine, Rheumatology Branch of Chinese Research Hospital Association, and Rheumatology Branch of Beijing Association of Holistic Integrative Medicine, based on grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE) and reporting items for practice guidelines in healthcare (RIGHT).

The urgency of now to end HIV vertical transmission for pregnant and breastfeeding women and their children in Asia and the Pacific.

The global strategy to #EndAIDS is underpinned by a call to end all inequities and to ensure no-one is left behind; but inequities continue, and people are still being left behind. Despite the advances seen in some populations and in some geographical areas, with ongoing high rates of HIV vertical transmission, ending HIV for pregnant and breastfeeding women and their children must be prioritised urgently. Focused on Asia and the Pacific, the region with the second largest number of people with HIV, in this viewpoint we highlight the heterogenous nature of global and regional success in eliminating vertical transmission of HIV.

Impact of obesity on outcome in children diagnosed with cancer in Canada: A report from Cancer in Young People in Canada.

Background: Childhood obesity can result in adverse health outcomes. The objectives of this study were to describe the prevalence of obesity and determine the association between obesity at cancer diagnosis and event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) in children diagnosed with cancer in Canada.

Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Cancer in Young People in Canada database, including all children with newly diagnosed cancer aged 2-18 years across Canada from 2001 to 2020.