A flavoromics approach to investigate the effect of Saskatoon berry powder on the sensory attributes, acceptability, volatile components, and electronic nose responses of a low-fat frozen yogurt.

Introduction: Saskatoon berries are grown in Canada and some northwestern states in the United States, and are notable for containing abundant antioxidant polyphenols, vitamins, metal elements, and fiber. To increase consumer interest in and accessibility to Saskatoon berries, some producers have begun to develop processes for refining Saskatoon berries into a powder with an extended shelf life that can be incorporated into a variety of value-added food products. To assess the desirability of this approach, this study sought to determine how the sensory attributes, consumer acceptability, and volatile and non-volatile composition of a plain, Greek-style frozen yogurt (PY) changed when fortified with 16% Saskatoon berry powder (SBP).

Oat-Protein-Based Diet Lowers Blood Pressure and Prevents Cardiac Remodeling and Dysfunction in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.

Hypertension and its associated complications, such as cardiac remodeling and dysfunction, continue to impose a significant burden on global healthcare. Nutritional interventions have been recognized as playing a crucial role in addressing this devastating condition termed a 'silent killer'. Plant-based proteins could potentially be utilized as a non-pharmacological strategy to combat hypertension and its related risk factors.

Bioactive lipids are altered in the heart, kidney, and serum of male and female F344 rats sub-chronically exposed to dietary 2-MCPD.

Chloropropanols have been identified as processing-induced food contaminants that occur as by-products of the manufacturing of refined food oils and hydrolyzed vegetable protein. There has been a paucity of research on the 2-monochloropropane-1,3-diol (2-MCPD) isomer, thus forming a data gap for regulatory risk assessment. Previous studies suggest 2-MCPD causes adverse cardiotoxic, nephrotoxic, and myotoxic effects, but were inconclusive for hazard identification; thus a dose-response OECD TG-408-compliant study was conducted by Health Canada.

Regulation of oxidative stress in the intestine of piglets after enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infection.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is recognized globally as a major gastrointestinal pathogen that impairs intestinal function. ETEC infection can lead to oxidative stress and disruption of intestinal integrity. The present study investigated the mechanism of increased oxidative stress and whether restoration of antioxidant defense could improve intestinal integrity in a piglet model with ETEC infection.

Species-specific oxylipins and the effects of ontogeny and predation on their emission from freshwater snails.

Chemical cues play important roles in mediating ecological interactions. Oxylipins, oxygenated metabolites of fatty acids, are one signalling molecule type that influences the physiology and function of species, suggesting their broader significance in chemical communication within aquatic systems. Yet, our current understanding of their function is restricted taxonomically and contextually making it difficult to infer their ecological significance.

Valvular Prostaglandins Are Elevated in Severe Human Aortic Valve Stenosis.

Background: Aortic valve stenosis (AVS) is the most common valvular disease in the developed world. AVS involves the progressive fibrocalcific remodeling of the aortic valve (AV), which impairs function and can ultimately lead to heart failure. Due to gaps in our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of AVS, there are no pharmacological treatments or dietary interventions known to slow AVS progression.

Impact of Reperfusion on Plasma Oxylipins in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) occurs as a result of acute occlusion of the coronary artery. Despite successful reperfusion using primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI), a large percentage of myocardial cells die after reperfusion, which is recognized as ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R). There are rapid changes in plasma lipidome during myocardial reperfusion injury.

Oat Beta-Glucan Alone and in Combination with Hydrochlorothiazide Lowers High Blood Pressure in Male but Not Female Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.

Oats are considered a functional food due to the beneficial health effects associated with their consumption and are suitable to be explored for their ability to prevent or manage chronic disease, such as hypertension. Here, we examined the cardiovascular benefits of an oat beta-glucan extract in male and female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) to unravel its sex-specific roles when used with an anti-hypertensive medication, hydrochlorothiazide. Five-week-old male and female SHRs and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were treated with oat beta-glucan and hydrochlorothiazide for 15 weeks.

Acute Kidney Injury Induces Oxidative Stress and Hepatic Lipid Accumulation through AMPK Signaling Pathway.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) often impairs the function of other organs leading to distant organ injury. The liver is the major organ that regulates metabolism and lipid homeostasis in the body. It has been reported that AKI causes liver injury with increased oxidative stress, inflammatory response and steatosis.

Effects of high- and low-fiber diets on intestinal oxidative stress in growing-finishing pigs.

Feed is the most expensive facet of commercial pork production. In order to reduce feed costs, using high-fiber ingredients has become a common practice. Moderate levels of fiber can maintain intestinal physiological function and promote intestinal health.

Effects of l-Tryptophan and 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol on Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Isolated from the Compact Bones of Broilers and Layers.

Poultry is vulnerable to bone problems throughout their lives or production period due to rapid growth in broilers and the active laying cycle in layers. The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is important in calcium and bone metabolism. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the CaSR ligand (l-Trp) and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25OHD) on the regulation of proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of chicken mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from the compact bones of 14-day-old Ross 308 chickens and Dekalb pullets, which can provide cell-based evidence for the prevention or alleviation of skeletal disorders in the poultry industry.

5-Methyltetrahydrofolate Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Improves Kidney Function in Acute Kidney Injury through Activation of Nrf2 and Antioxidant Defense.

Oxidative stress is a major mediator of adverse outcomes in acute kidney injury (AKI). Deficiency of micronutrients, such as folate, is common in AKI. Our previous study reported that AKI impaired kidney reabsorption of folate and decreased plasma folate level in rats.

Lingonberry Improves Hepatic Lipid Metabolism by Targeting Notch1 Signaling.

Impaired hepatic lipid metabolism is a hallmark of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which has no effective treatment option. Recently, Notch signaling has been identified as an important mediator of hepatic lipid metabolism. Lingonberry ( L.

Development of Fluorine-Free Tantalum Carbide MXene Hybrid Structure as a Biocompatible Material for Supercapacitor Electrodes.

The application of nontoxic 2D transition-metal carbides (MXenes) has recently gained ground in bioelectronics. In group-4 transition metals, tantalum possesses enhanced biological and physical properties compared to other MXene counterparts. However, the application of tantalum carbide for bioelectrodes has not yet been explored.

Changes in snail chemical profiles through host-parasite interactions.

Host behavior may be modified by their parasites to increase the likelihood of transmission, but mechanisms underlying these interactions are not well understood. Hosts and parasites release chemical signaling molecules, like oxylipins, that may affect transmission. Oxylipins are oxygenated metabolites of fatty acids that function as signaling molecules and have essential physiological and functional roles.

Density-Dependent Prophylaxis in Freshwater Snails Driven by Oxylipin Chemical Cues.

While animal aggregations can benefit the fitness of group members, the behaviour may also lead to higher risks of parasite infection as group density increases. Some animals are known to moderate their investment in immunity relative to the risk of infection. These animals exhibit density-dependent prophylaxis (DDP) by increasing their immune investment as group density increases.

What is the Most Valid and Reliable Compassion Measure in Healthcare? An Updated Comprehensive and Critical Review.

Our previous review of compassion measures in healthcare between 1985 and 2016 concluded that no available measure assessed compassion in healthcare in a comprehensive or methodologically rigorous fashion. The present study provided a comparative review of the design and psychometric properties of recently updated or newly published compassion measures. The search strategy of our previous review was replicated.

Program Leaders' and Educators' Perspectives on the Factors Impacting the Implementation and Sustainment of Compassion Training Programs: A Qualitative Study.

Phenomenon: Training programs have been used to improve compassion in healthcare, but the factors necessary to make such programs successful and sustainable have not been identified. This thematic analysis aimed to bridge the gap between theory and practice by drawing on the experiences of international leaders and educators of compassion training programs to develop a clear understanding of what is relevant and effective and how compassion training is implemented and sustained.

Approach: International leaders and educators of compassion training programs (N = 15) were identified through convenience sampling based on academic and gray literature searches.

MicroRNA as an Important Target for Anticancer Drug Development.

Cancer has become the second greatest cause of death worldwide. Although there are several different classes of anticancer drugs that are available in clinic, some tough issues like side-effects and low efficacy still need to dissolve. Therefore, there remains an urgent need to discover and develop more effective anticancer drugs.

What works for whom in compassion training programs offered to practicing healthcare providers: a realist review.

Background: Patients and families want their healthcare to be delivered by healthcare providers that are both competent and compassionate. While compassion training has begun to emerge in healthcare education, there may be factors that facilitate or inhibit the uptake and implementation of training into practice. This review identified the attributes that explain the successes and/or failures of compassion training programs offered to practicing healthcare providers.

Patient Perspectives on the Long-term Management of Celiac Disease.

Goal: The aim of this study was to survey adults with celiac disease (CD) on the utility of specific aspects of follow-up and on information needs.

Background: Currently, the treatment for CD is strict gluten avoidance. Although this places the onus on the patient for disease management, patient perspectives on CD care have not been formally assessed.

Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Reduces Kidney Folate Transporter Expression and Plasma Folate Levels.

Acute or chronic kidney disease can cause micronutrient deficiency. Patients with end-stage renal disease, kidney transplantation or on dialysis have reduced circulating levels of folate, an essential B vitamin. However, the molecular mechanism is not well understood.

Beta-Glucan From Barley Attenuates Post-prandial Glycemic Response by Inhibiting the Activities of Glucose Transporters but Not Intestinal Brush Border Enzymes and Amylolysis of Starch.

Beta (β)-glucan (BG) from cereal grains is associated with lowering post-prandial blood glucose but the precise mechanism is not well-elucidated. The main aim of this study was to understand the mechanism through which BG from barley affects post-prandial glycemic response. Waffles containing 0, 1, 2, and 3 g barley BG and the same amount of available carbohydrate (15 g) were fed to the TIM-1 dynamic gastrointestinal digestion system to study the effect of BG on starch hydrolysis.