Efficacy of medications for the treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD): A systematic review and meta-analysis considering baseline AUD severity.

Baseline severity of alcohol use disorder (AUD) is an influencing factor in the response to medications recommended for the treatment of AUD. The scarce efficacy of AUD medications partly justifies their limited uses. We were interested in evaluating the efficacy of approved and recommended AUD medications using generic inverse-variance, an analysis facilitating comparison between medications and placebo both at the end of the study and, concomitantly, to baseline values for the same participants.

Socioeconomic Status and CD4 Count Among People with HIV Who Inject Drugs in St. Petersburg, Russia.

Lack of access to resources is a "fundamental cause" of poor HIV outcomes across the care cascade globally and may have the greatest impact on groups with co-existing marginalized identities. In a sample of people living with HIV (PWH) who inject drugs and were not on antiretroviral therapy (ART), we explored associations between access to resources and HIV severity. Fundamental Cause Theory (FCT) sees socioeconomic status/access to resources as a root cause of disease and emphasizes that individuals with limited resources have fewer means to mitigate health risks and implement protective behaviors, which ultimately generates disparities in health outcomes.

TSH and FT4 Reference Intervals in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis.

Context: Interpretation of thyroid function tests during pregnancy is limited by the generalizability of reference intervals between cohorts due to inconsistent methodology.

Objective: (1) To provide an overview of published reference intervals for thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) in pregnancy, (2) to assess the consequences of common methodological between-study differences by combining raw data from different cohorts.

Methods: (1) Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched until December 12, 2021.

Impulsivity and linkage to HIV Care among People living with HIV in St. Petersburg, Russia.

This study evaluated the association between impulsivity and linkage to HIV care among Russians living with HIV recruited from an inpatient narcology hospital. Linking Infectious and Narcology Care (LINC) study participants who completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) were included in these analyses. The primary independent variable was impulsivity score which was categorized as high impulsivity (BIS score > 71) vs.

Vitamin D Status and Gestational Diabetes in Russian Pregnant Women in the Period between 2012 and 2021: A Nested Case-Control Study.

Several meta-analyses found an association between low maternal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, some of them reported significant heterogeneity. We examined the association of serum 25(OH)D concentration measured in the first and in the second halves of pregnancy with the development of GDM in Russian women surveyed in the periods of 2012−2014 and 2018−2021.

Association of Common Genetic Risk Variants With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Their Role in GDM Prediction.

Objective: We aimed to explore the associations between common genetic risk variants with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk in Russian women and to assess their utility in the identification of GDM cases.

Methods: We conducted a case-control study including 1,142 pregnant women (688 GDM cases and 454 controls) enrolled at Almazov National Medical Research Centre. The International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria were used to diagnose GDM.

Hazardous Alcohol Use, Impulsivity, and HIV-Risk Behavior Among HIV-Positive Russian Patients With a History of Injection Drug Use.

Background And Objectives: Previous findings on the association between hazardous drinking and HIV-risk behavior have been equivocal, varying by population and individual difference factors. This study examined associations between hazardous drinking, impulsivity, and HIV-risk behaviors among HIV-positive Russian patients with a history of injection drug use (IDU), not on antiretroviral therapy.

Methods: Negative binomial regression analyses of data from a randomized controlled trial were performed (N = 241).

Inhaled Molgramostim Therapy in Autoimmune Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis.

Background: Autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (aPAP) is a rare disease characterized by progressive surfactant accumulation and hypoxemia. It is caused by disruption of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) signaling, which pulmonary alveolar macrophages require to clear surfactant. Recently, inhaled GM-CSF was shown to improve the partial pressure of arterial oxygen in patients with aPAP.

Capmatinib in Exon 14-Mutated or -Amplified Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: Among patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), exon 14 skipping mutations occur in 3 to 4% and amplifications occur in 1 to 6%. Capmatinib, a selective inhibitor of the MET receptor, has shown activity in cancer models with various types of MET activation.

Methods: We conducted a multiple-cohort, phase 2 study evaluating capmatinib in patients with -dysregulated advanced NSCLC.

[The concept of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease clinical control as a decision - making tool in real clinical practice for optimizing of basic pharmacotherapy].

The main goals of COPD therapy are to achieve clinical stability with minimal clinical manifestations and low risk of relapse. The proposed COPD control concept by analogy with asthma has not been quite well characterized yet. COPD control is defined as "the long - term maintenance of a clinical situation with a low impact of symptoms on the patient's life and absence of exacerbations.

Association of maternal thyroid function with birthweight: a systematic review and individual-participant data meta-analysis.

Background: Adequate transplacental passage of maternal thyroid hormone is important for normal fetal growth and development. Maternal overt hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are associated with low birthweight, but important knowledge gaps remain regarding the effect of subclinical thyroid function test abnormalities on birthweight-both in general and during the late second and third trimester of pregnancy. The aim of this study was to examine associations of maternal thyroid function with birthweight.

[A double blind placebo controlled randomized clinical trial of the efficacy and safety of pregabalin in induction of remission in patients with alcohol dependence].

Aim: To study the efficacy of pregabalin for relapse prevention and reduction of drinking in patients with alcohol dependence.

Material And Methods: One hundred recently detoxified out-patients with alcohol dependence were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups. Patients of the first group (n=50; 38 men, 12 women, age 43.

Association of Thyroid Function Test Abnormalities and Thyroid Autoimmunity With Preterm Birth: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Importance: Maternal hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are risk factors for preterm birth. Milder thyroid function test abnormalities and thyroid autoimmunity are more prevalent, but it remains controversial if these are associated with preterm birth.

Objective: To study if maternal thyroid function test abnormalities and thyroid autoimmunity are risk factors for preterm birth.

Opioid use and dropout from extended-release naltrexone in a controlled trial: implications for mechanism.

Background And Aims: Extended-release formulations of naltrexone have emerged as effective treatment options for opioid use disorder. This post-hoc analysis examined the temporal relationship between episodes of opioid use and subsequent dropout in a placebo-controlled trial of extended-release injection naltrexone (XR-NTX) to draw inferences about the mechanism by which extended blockade of opioid receptors translates into clinical effectiveness.

Design: This was a 24-week multiple-site, double-blind, randomized trial of monthly XR-NTX versus placebo injections.

A Randomised, Controlled Study of Different Glycaemic Targets during Gestational Diabetes Treatment: Effect on the Level of Adipokines in Cord Blood and ANGPTL4 Expression in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells.

Our aim was to study the expression of adipokine-encoding genes (leptin, adiponectin, and angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4)) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and adipokine concentration in cord blood from women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) depending on glycaemic targets. GDM patients were randomised to 2 groups per target glycaemic levels: GDM1 (tight glycaemic targets, fasting blood glucose < 5.1 mmol/L and <7.

Depression and smoking characteristics among HIV-positive smokers in Russia: A cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Globally, persons with HIV infection, depression and substance use disorders have a higher smoking prevalence and smoke more heavily than other populations. These associations have not been explored among Russian smokers with HIV infection and substance use disorders. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the presence of depressive symptoms and smoking outcomes in an HIV-positive cohort of Russian smokers with a history of substance use disorders (alcohol and/or drug use disorders).

Ketamine for the treatment of addiction: Evidence and potential mechanisms.

Ketamine is a dissociative anaesthetic drug which acts on the central nervous system chiefly through antagonism of the n-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. Recently, ketamine has attracted attention as a rapid-acting anti-depressant but other studies have also reported its efficacy in reducing problematic alcohol and drug use. This review explores the preclinical and clinical research into ketamine's ability to treat addiction.

Role of substance use in HIV care cascade outcomes among people who inject drugs in Russia.

Background: Engaging people who drink alcohol or inject drugs in HIV care can be challenging, particularly in Eastern Europe. Healthcare facilities in Russia are organized by specialty; therefore linking patients from addiction care to HIV hospitals has been difficult. The HIV care cascade outlines stages of HIV care (e.

Alcohol Types and HIV Disease Progression Among HIV-Infected Drinkers Not Yet on Antiretroviral Therapy in Russia and Uganda.

In HIV-infected drinkers, alcohol types more likely to cause inflammation could plausibly increase the risk of HIV disease progression. We therefore assessed the association between alcohol type and plasma HIV RNA level (HIV viral load) among HIV-infected drinkers not on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Russia and Uganda. We analyzed the data of participants from cohorts in Russia and Uganda and assessed their HIV viral load at enrollment by the alcohol type predominantly consumed.

HIV Stigma and Unhealthy Alcohol Use Among People Living with HIV in Russia.

Unhealthy alcohol use, highly prevalent in the Russian Federation (Russia), is associated with HIV risk behaviors among people living with HIV (PLWH). HIV stigma contributes to the HIV risk environment in Russia. To examine HIV stigma among Russian PLWH and to explore its association with unhealthy alcohol use, we conducted a longitudinal analysis of 700 PLWH in St.

Insights on the Russian HCV Care Cascade: Minimal HCV Treatment for HIV/HCV Co-infected PWID in St. Petersburg.

Background: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in Russia, driven by injection drug use, has seen a steady rise in the past two decades. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is highly prevalent in people who inject drugs (PWID). The study aimed to describe the current frequency of HCV testing and treatment among HIV-infected PWID in St.