Automatic Segmentation of Mediastinal Lymph Nodes and Blood Vessels in Endobronchial Ultrasound (EBUS) Images Using Deep Learning.

Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) is used in the minimally invasive sampling of thoracic lymph nodes. In lung cancer staging, the accurate assessment of mediastinal structures is essential but challenged by variations in anatomy, image quality, and operator-dependent image interpretation. This study aimed to automatically detect and segment mediastinal lymph nodes and blood vessels employing a novel U-Net architecture-based approach in EBUS images.

Growth Restriction in the Offspring of Mothers With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Importance: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder, characterized by subfertility, increased risk of metabolic diseases, and pregnancy complications. Previous studies diverge regarding the association between maternal PCOS and newborn anthropometrics.

Objective: To explore the association between maternal PCOS and newborn anthropometrics and the modifying effects of maternal body mass index, PCOS phenotype, and gestational diabetes.

C-C Motif Ligand 7 (CCL7) and C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 3 (CCR3) dysregulation in patients with scrub typhus and association with mortality.

Background: Scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi involves infiltration of a mixture of perivascular lymphocytes and macrophages into affected organs. We investigated if this is characterized by chemokine dysregulation.

Methods: mRNA expression of chemokines and receptors were screened in whole blood by cDNA microarray in a subgroup of patients and controls.

Intergenerational and genetic influences on physical activity: family data from the HUNT study, Norway.

Objectives: The objectives of this study are to examine the association of physical activity in parents with physical activity in their adult offspring and explore if the offspring's genetic liability (ie, polygenic risk score) to physical activity influences this association.

Methods: The Trøndelag Health Study cohort is a population-based longitudinal study with data collected in 1984-1986, 1995-1997, 2006-2008 and 2017-2019. We calculated the odds ratio for being physically active and mean difference in physical activity levels according to parental physical activity (device-measured and self-reported) and own polygenic risk score.

Effectiveness of digital Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia in patients with musculoskeletal complaints and insomnia in primary care physiotherapy: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Insomnia is prevalent among patients visiting physiotherapists due to musculoskeletal complaints and associated with poorer pain prognosis. Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) may be effective for improving sleep quality and pain-related outcomes in these patients, but its availability and utility are limited in daily physiotherapy practice. The aim of this randomised controlled trial (RCT) is to evaluate the effectiveness of digital CBT-I in addition to usual treatment in patients with chronic musculoskeletal complaints and insomnia, compared with usual treatment only.

Esophageal cancers missed at upper endoscopy in Central Norway 2004 to 2021 - A population-based study.

Introduction: The incidence of esophageal cancers is increasing in many Western countries and the rate of missed esophageal cancers (MEC) at upper endoscopy is of concern. We aimed to calculate the MEC rate and identify factors associated with MEC.

Methods: This was a retrospective population-based cohort study including 613 patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer in Central Norway 2004-2021.

The handshaking habits of hospital doctors before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, health authorities recommended less interpersonal physical contact. Our hypothesis was that hospital doctors greet new patients with a handshake less frequently after the pandemic than before.

Material And Method: In January 2024, we undertook a pragmatic cross-sectional survey of a sample of doctors from three different clinics at a large Norwegian hospital.

Open label experience of repeated OnabotulinumtoxinA injections towards the sphenopalatine ganglion in patients with chronic cluster headache and chronic migraine.

Background: A novel technique for injection of OnabotulinumtoxinA (BTA) towards the sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) has shown promise in refractory chronic migraine (CM) and chronic cluster headache (CCH). Open label safety and efficacy data are presented here.

Methods: Patients with refractory CM or CCH who had received at least one injection and completed headache diaries were included.

Incidence and prevention of skeletal-related events in multiple myeloma patients: A population-based real-world experience.

Novel treatments in multiple myeloma (MM) could influence the incidence of skeletal-related events (SREs). We aimed to examine the incidence of SRE and the preventive use of osteoclast inhibitors (OIs) in a cohort of MM patients in the era of modern treatment. In this real-world retrospective study, we included 199 patients with a diagnosis of MM between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2019, with follow-up at St.

Thoracic radiation in combination with erlotinib-results from a phase 2 randomized trial.

Background: Radiotherapy (RT) can be used to reduce symptoms and maintain open airways for patients with non-small cell lung cancer when systemic treatment is not sufficient. For some patients, tumor control is not achieved due to radioresistance. Concurrent inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptors has been proposed as a strategy to overcome radioresistance but may increase toxicity.

Educational attainment and mental health conditions: a within-sibship Mendelian randomization study.

Importance: Observational studies have demonstrated consistent protective effects of higher educational attainment (EA) on the risk of suffering mental health conditions (MHC). Determining whether these beneficial effects are causal is challenging given the potential role of dynastic effects and demographic factors (assortative mating and population structure) in this association.

Objective: To evaluate to what extent the relationship between EA and various MHC is independent from dynastic effects and demographic factors.

Olfactory stimulation for promoting development and preventing morbidity in preterm infants.

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To evaluate the benefits and harms of olfactory stimulation with different odorants in the NICU for promoting development and preventing morbidity in preterm infants.

Occupational asthma in the salmon processing industry: a case series.

Objectives: Exposure to bioaerosols in salmon processing workers is associated with occupational asthma. IgE-mediated allergy and other disease mechanisms may be involved in airway inflammation and obstruction. Knowledge about disease burden, mechanisms, phenotypes and occupational exposure is limited.

Airborne bacterial and fungal species in workstations of salmon processing plants.

Significant quantities of salmon are processed daily in the industry's indoor facilities. Occupational exposure contributes to an individual's exposome. The aim of this study is to obtain knowledge about potential exposure to viable airborne species of bacteria and fungi as related to workstations in the salmon processing industry.

A deep learning approach to identify the fetal head position using transperineal ultrasound during labor.

Objectives: To develop a deep learning (DL)-model using convolutional neural networks (CNN) to automatically identify the fetal head position at transperineal ultrasound in the second stage of labor.

Material And Methods: Prospective, multicenter study including singleton, term, cephalic pregnancies in the second stage of labor. We assessed the fetal head position using transabdominal ultrasound and subsequently, obtained an image of the fetal head on the axial plane using transperineal ultrasound and labeled it according to the transabdominal ultrasound findings.

Multi-disciplinary team meetings for lung cancer in Norway and Denmark: results from national surveys and observations with MDT-MODe.

Background And Purpose: Multi-disciplinary Team (MDT) meetings are widely regarded as the 'gold standard' of lung cancer care. MDTs improve adherence to clinical guidelines for lung cancer patients. In this study, we describe and compare lung cancer MDTs in Denmark and Norway by combining national surveys and the MDT-Metric for the Observation of Decision-making (MDT-MODe) instrument.

Evaluation of health services and treatment alliance among extensively hospitalized patients due to severe self-harm - results from the Extreme Challenges project.

Background: Extensive psychiatric hospitalization due to repeated severe self-harm (SH), is a poorly researched area, but a challenge within health services (HS). Recent studies have demonstrated high levels of involuntary treatment among patients with severe personality disorder (PD) and complex comorbidity. Keeping focus on extensively hospitalized SH patients, this study aimed to investigate patients' and clinicians' evaluation of HS and treatment alliance.

EasyPISA: Automatic Integrated PISA Measurements of Mitral Regurgitation From 2-D Color-Doppler Using Deep Learning.

Objective: The proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) method is a well-established approach for mitral regurgitation (MR) quantification. However, it exhibits high inter-observer variability and inaccuracies in cases of non-hemispherical flow convergence and non-holosystolic MR. To address this, we present EasyPISA, a framework for automated integrated PISA measurements taken directly from 2-D color-Doppler sequences.

The effect of a digital intervention on symptoms of depression in pregnant women exposed to Intimate partner violence in Denmark and Spain (STOP study).

Introduction And Objective: Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) during pregnancy is a significant public health concern associated with adverse maternal and fetal health outcomes, including increased risk of depression. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a digital empowerment-based intervention in reducing symptoms of depression among IPV-exposed pregnant women.

Study Design: This intervention study was nested within a cohort study conducted in Denmark and Spain.

Challenges and possible improvements for healthcare teams at outreach clinics in Nepal - a qualitative study.

Background: All Nepalese citizens have the right to high-quality healthcare services free of charge. To achieve this, healthcare services for the rural population in Nepal need to be improved in terms of personnel, medicines, and medical equipment.

Objectives: To explore challenges and possible improvements healthcare personnel experience when travelling to rural parts of Nepal to provide healthcare.

Current aspects of the quality of head and neck cancer care - survey of the Scandinavian Society for Head and Neck Oncology.

Background: All Nordic countries have national cancer registries collecting data on head and neck cancer (HNC) incidence and survival. However, there is a lack of consensus on how other quality aspects should be monitored.

Aims: We conducted a web-based survey to find opportunities for quality control and improvement.

Femoral nailing associated with bone marrow emboli in pigs induced a specific increase in blood IL-6 and broad inflammatory responses in the heart and lungs.

Introduction: Bone marrow embolization may complicate orthopedic surgery, potentially causing fat embolism syndrome. The inflammatory potential of bone marrow emboli is unclear. We aimed to investigate the inflammatory response to femoral intramedullary nailing, specifically the systemic inflammatory effects in plasma, and local tissue responses.

Distressed personality is associated with late adverse effects in long-term survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma.

Background And Purpose: There are few studies of personality traits in long-term Hodgkin lymphoma survivors (HLSs) treated according to contemporary stage-and risk-adapted approaches. The Distressed Personality (DP) Scale covers negative affectivity and social inhibition. We examined differences in self-reported late adverse effects (LAEs) between HLSs with and without DP and other explanatory variables.