American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM) position statement: interventional musculoskeletal ultrasound in sports medicine.

Background: The use of diagnostic and interventional ultrasound has significantly increased over the past decade. A majority of the increased utilisation is by non-radiologists. In sports medicine, ultrasound is often used to guide interventions such as aspirations, diagnostic or therapeutic injections, tenotomies, releases and hydrodissections.

Cancer biomarkers: the role of structured data reporting.

Context: The College of American Pathologists has been producing cancer protocols since 1986 to aid pathologists in the diagnosis and reporting of cancer cases. Many pathologists use the included cancer case summaries as templates for dictation/data entry into the final pathology report. These summaries are now available in a computer-readable format with structured data elements for interoperability, packaged as "electronic cancer checklists.

Laboratory compliance with the American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 testing guidelines: a 3-year comparison of validation procedures.

Context: The American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP) published guidelines in 2007 regarding testing accuracy, interpretation, and reporting of results for HER2 studies. A 2008 survey identified areas needing improved compliance.

Objective: To reassess laboratory response to those guidelines following a full accreditation cycle for an updated snapshot of laboratory practices regarding ASCO/CAP guidelines.

Principles of analytic validation of immunohistochemical assays: Guideline from the College of American Pathologists Pathology and Laboratory Quality Center.

Context: Laboratories must validate all assays before they can be used to test patient specimens, but currently there are no evidence-based guidelines regarding validation of immunohistochemical assays.

Objective: To develop recommendations for initial analytic validation and revalidation of immunohistochemical assays.

Design: The College of American Pathologists Pathology and Laboratory Quality Center convened a panel of pathologists and histotechnologists with expertise in immunohistochemistry to develop validation recommendations.

The Healthy for Life Taekwondo Pilot Study: A Preliminary Evaluation of Effects on Executive Function and BMI, Feasibility, and Acceptability.

There is growing consensus that exercise improves cognitive functioning, but research is needed to identify exercise interventions that optimize effects on cognition. The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate Taekwondo implemented in public middle school physical education (PE). Two classes were randomly assigned to either: five sessions per week of PE or three sessions of PE and two sessions of Taekwondo.

Recommendations for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 testing in breast cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists clinical practice guideline update.

Purpose: To update the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)/College of American Pathologists (CAP) guideline recommendations for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) testing in breast cancer to improve the accuracy of HER2 testing and its utility as a predictive marker in invasive breast cancer.

Methods: ASCO/CAP convened an Update Committee that included coauthors of the 2007 guideline to conduct a systematic literature review and update recommendations for optimal HER2 testing.

Results: The Update Committee identified criteria and areas requiring clarification to improve the accuracy of HER2 testing by immunohistochemistry (IHC) or in situ hybridization (ISH).

Recommendations for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 testing in breast cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists clinical practice guideline update.

Purpose: To update the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)/College of American Pathologists (CAP) guideline recommendations for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) testing in breast cancer to improve the accuracy of HER2 testing and its utility as a predictive marker in invasive breast cancer.

Methods: ASCO/CAP convened an Update Committee that included coauthors of the 2007 guideline to conduct a systematic literature review and update recommendations for optimal HER2 testing.

Results: The Update Committee identified criteria and areas requiring clarification to improve the accuracy of HER2 testing by immunohistochemistry (IHC) or in situ hybridization (ISH).

A call to standardize preanalytic data elements for biospecimens.

Context: Biospecimens must have appropriate clinical annotation (data) to ensure optimal quality for both patient care and research. Clinical preanalytic variables are the focus of this study.

Objective: To define the essential preanalytic variables (data fields) that should be attached to every collected biospecimen and to provide a complete list of such variables, along with their relative importance, which can vary, depending on downstream use, institutional needs, and information technology capabilities.

Feasibility and advantages of using flattening filter-free mode for radiosurgery of multiple brain lesions.

Purpose: The 6-MV flattening filter-free mode (6F) of the Varian TrueBeam (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA) enables faster dose delivery and shortens treatment time, which are especially beneficial for stereotactic radiosurgery. This study is to evaluate the feasibility and advantages of using 6F in stereotactic radiosurgery treatment of multiple brain lesions in comparison with regular 6-MV mode (6X).

Materials And Methods: Ten patients having 2-12 brain metastases treated by intensity modulated stereotactic radiosurgery were selected for this study.

Are there barriers to the release of paraffin blocks for clinical research trials? A College of American Pathologists survey of 609 laboratories.

Context: The number of paraffin blocks submitted for patients enrolled in clinical research trials appears to be declining.

Objective: To obtain information on laboratory policies and procedures in complying with requests to submit paraffin blocks for research.

Design: A questionnaire was sent to members of a voluntary market research panel composed of pathologists representing a broad spectrum of experience and practice settings.

Recommendations for validating estrogen and progesterone receptor immunohistochemistry assays.

Context: Estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status is assessed on all newly diagnosed, invasive breast carcinomas and in recurrences to determine patient eligibility for hormonal therapy, but 10% to 20% of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor test results are discordant when tested in multiple laboratories.

Objective: To define the analytic (technical) validation requirements for estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor immunohistochemistry assays used to select patients for hormonal therapy.

Data Sources: Literature review and expert consensus.

Interlaboratory comparison of immunohistochemical testing for HER2: results of the 2004 and 2005 College of American Pathologists HER2 Immunohistochemistry Tissue Microarray Survey.

Context: Correct assessment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status is essential in managing patients with invasive breast carcinoma, but few data are available on the accuracy of laboratories performing HER2 testing by immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Objective: To review the results of the 2004 and 2005 College of American Pathologists HER2 Immunohistochemistry Tissue Microarray Survey.

Design: The HER2 survey is designed for laboratories performing immunohistochemical staining and interpretation for HER2.

Sinus of valsalva aneurysm of the non-coronary cusp: repaired in the adult with a Freestyle bioprosthesis.

Aneurysms of the sinuses of Valsalva, when detected before rupture, are repaired electively. When they are small, they are most frequently repaired by direct closure; when they are large, they are repaired with a prosthetic patch. When they are associated with prolapse of the corresponding aortic cusp and aortic insufficiency, valve replacement is usually performed concomitantly.

Replacement of the left common iliac vein with a custom-made bovine pericardium tubular graft.

To date, venous reconstruction has not been as successful as arterial reconstruction. Prosthetic materials used as venous substitutes produce much lower patency rates with a higher incidence of early thrombosis than those used as arterial substitutes. We describe the case of a 38-year-old obese woman in whom we encountered an unexpected tear of the common iliac vein intraoperatively, during an anterior approach to the lumbar spine.

Stapling of an aortic arch aneurysm.

Saccular aneurysms of the aortic arch are usually managed with patch graft aortoplasty or with tube graft replacement. In either case, hypothermic circulatory arrest is necessary. The use of stapling devices has revolutionized pulmonary and gastrointestinal surgery; however, these instruments have rarely been used in aortic surgery except during thromboexclusion procedures.