Explainable deep-neural-network supported scheme for tuberculosis detection from chest radiographs.

Chest radiographs are examined in typical clinical settings by competent physicians for tuberculosis diagnosis. However, this procedure is time consuming and subjective. Due to the growing usage of machine learning techniques in applied sciences, researchers have begun applying comparable concepts to medical diagnostics, such as tuberculosis screening.

Optimization and chemical free fabrication of green synthesized iron nanoparticles as potential MRI contrast agent.

The current research article has investigated the synthesis and characterization of novel iron nanoparticles (INPs) from neem and betel leaves extract combination using response surface methodology-central composite design and coated with chitosan-curcumin (CCINPs) as a biocompatible and contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The coating of INPs with chitosan and curcumin (CCINPs) was carried out using a simple, easy, chemical-free ultrasonication method and characteristics were confirmed by UV-visible (Vis) spectrophotometer (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer. The biocompatibility of the particles was ensured by conducting hemolytic and cell viability assays.

Technoeconomic and carbon footprint analysis of simulated industrial scale biodiesel production process from mixed macroalgal and non-edible seed oil using sulphonated zinc doped recyclable biochar catalyst.

The present research explored the sustainable production of biodiesel from mixed oils of marine macroalgae and non-edible seeds using a sulphonated Zinc doped recyclable biochar catalyst derived from coconut husk. The maximum biodiesel conversion of 94.8 % was yielded with optimized conditions of 10:1 methanol to oil molar ratio, 4.

Sustainable remediation of pesticide pollutants using covalent organic framework - A review on material properties, synthesis methods and application.

Covalent organic frameworks (COF) have emerged as a potential class of materials for a variety of applications in a wide number of sectors including power storage, environmental services, and biological applications due to their ordered and controllable porosity, large surface area, customizable structure, remarkable stability, and diverse electrical characteristics. COF have received a lot of attention in recent years in the field of environmental remediation, It also find its way to eliminate the emerging pollutant from the environment notably pesticide from polluted water. This review more concentrated on the application of COF in pesticide removal by modifying COF structure, COF synthesis and material properties.

Parametric investigation of W-EDM factors for machining AM60B conductive biomaterial.

Wire-electrical discharge machining (W-EDM) is a precise and efficient non-traditional technology employed to cut intricate shapes in conductive biomaterials. These biomaterials are challenging to machine using traditional methods. This present study delves into the impact of various process parameters, namely discharge duration (D), spark gap time (S), discharge voltage (D), and wire advance rate rate (W).

Exploring the Impact of AlO Additives in Gasoline on HCCI-DI Engine Performance: An Experimental, Neural Network, and Regression Analysis Approach.

This study delves into the influence of incorporating alumina (AlO) nanoparticles with waste cooking oil (WCO) biofuels in a gasoline engine that employs premixed fuel. During the suction phase, gasoline blends with atmospheric air homogeneously at the location of the inlet manifold. The biodiesel, enhanced with AlO nanoparticles and derived from WCO, is subsequently directly infused into the combustion chamber at 23° before the top dead center.

Synthesis and in vitro characteristics of biogenic-derived hydroxyapatite for bone remodeling applications.

The inorganic component of bone matrix, hydroxyapatite (HAp) (with formula Ca(PO)(OH)), can be obtained from inexpensive waste resources that serve as excellent calcium precursors. In the present study, HAp nano-powder was synthesized from eggshells (ES) and crab shells (CS) by wet chemical precipitation method. Also, a hybrid sample was considered which is a mixture of HAp nano-powder synthesized from eggshells (25%) and crab shells (75%) (EC).

Cellular metabolism and health impacts of dichlorvos: Occurrence, detection, prevention, and remedial strategies-A review.

Dichlorvos (2,2-Dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate, [DDVP]) belongs to the class of organophosphates and is widely used as an insecticide in agriculture farming and post-harvest storage units. Extensive research has been conducted to assess the factors responsible for the presence of DDVP in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, as well as the entire food chain. Numerous studies have demonstrated the presence of DDVP metabolites in the food chain and their toxicity to mammals.

Comprehensive review on lignocellulosic biomass derived biochar production, characterization, utilization and applications.

Biochar is an ample source of organic carbon prepared by the thermal breakdown of biomass. Lignocellulosic biomass is a promising precursor for biochar production, and has several applications in various industries. In addition, biochar can be applied for environmental revitalization by reducing the negative impacts through intrinsic mechanisms.

Effect of silicon carbide on kerf convergence and irregularity of the surface during abrasive water jet machining of fiber-metal hybrid composites.

The traditional way to machine hybrid composites is hard because they tend to break, have a high retraction, have a high service temperature, and have an uneven surface irregularity. For high-strength fiber/metal composite constructions, alternative machining methods have drawn interest as a solution to these problems. Current research focuses on enhancing the Abrasive Water Jet Machining process by optimizing its variables using a composite material of epoxy reinforced with silicon carbide, stainless steel wire mesh, and Kevlar.

Chemical, Pharmacological, and Theoretical Aspects of Some Transition Metal(II) Complexes Derived from Pyrrole Azine Schiff Base.

Some new transition metal complexes were prepared by reacting metal(II) salts with Schiff base azines, which were prepared via condensation of 5-(diethylamino) salicylaldehyde and hydrazine with pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde. Their structures were confirmed based on CHN, UV-visible, FT-IR, and EPR measurements. The complexes were also assessed for their antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties.

Computational Analysis of Some More Rectangular Tessellations of Kekulenes and Their Molecular Characterizations.

Cycloarene molecules are benzene-ring-based polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that have been fused in a circular manner and are surrounded by carbon-hydrogen bonds that point inward. Due to their magnetic, geometric, and electronic characteristics and superaromaticity, these polycyclic aromatics have received attention in a number of studies. The kekulene molecule is a cyclically organized benzene ring in the shape of a doughnut and is the very first example of such a conjugated macrocyclic compound.

Conversion of solid wastes and natural biomass for deciphering the valorization of biochar in pollution abatement: A review on the thermo-chemical processes.

This overview addresses the formation of solid trash and the various forms of waste from a variety of industries, which environmentalists have embraced. The paper investigates the negative effects on the environment caused by unsustainable management of municipal solid trash as well as the opportunities presented by the formal system. This examination looks at the origins of solid waste as well as the typical treatment methods.

Deleterious effect of gestagens from wastewater effluent on fish reproduction in aquatic environment: A review.

Gestagens are common pollutants accumulated in the aquatic ecosystem. Gestagens are comprised of natural gestagens (i.e.

Brain Tumor Class Detection in Flair/T2 Modality MRI Slices Using Elephant-Herd Algorithm Optimized Features.

Several advances in computing facilities were made due to the advancement of science and technology, including the implementation of automation in multi-specialty hospitals. This research aims to develop an efficient deep-learning-based brain-tumor (BT) detection scheme to detect the tumor in FLAIR- and T2-modality magnetic-resonance-imaging (MRI) slices. MRI slices of the axial-plane brain are used to test and verify the scheme.

Photocatalytic degradation of reactive dyes using natural photo-smart pigment-A novel approach for waste water re-usability.

The present study is aimed at an efficient photocatalytic degradation of industrially important reactive dyes using phycocyanin extract as a photocatalyst. The percentage of dye degradation was evidenced by a UV-visible spectrophotometer and FT-IR analysis. The degraded water was checked for its complete degradation by varying pH from 3 to 12.

Refractive index based optically transparent biosensor device design for early detection of coronavirus.

For the quick detection of the new Coronavirus (COVID-19), a highly sensitive D-shaped gold-coated surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor is presented. The COVID-19 virus may be quickly and accurately identified using the SPR-based biosensor, which is essential for halting the spread of this excruciating epidemic. The suggested biosensor is used for detection of the IBV i.

Catalytic, Theoretical, and Biological Investigations of Ternary Metal (II) Complexes Derived from L-Valine-Based Schiff Bases and Heterocyclic Bases.

A new series of ternary metal complexes, including Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II), were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and diverse spectroscopic methods. The complexes were synthesized from respective metal salts with Schiff's-base-containing amino acids, salicylaldehyde derivatives, and heterocyclic bases. The amino acids containing Schiff bases showed promising pharmacological properties upon complexation.

A strategic review on sustainable approaches in municipal solid waste management andenergy recovery: Role of artificial intelligence,economic stability andlife cycle assessment.

The consumption of energy levels has increased in association with economic growth and concurrently increased the energy demand from renewable sources. The need under Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) intends to explore various technological advancements for the utilization of waste to energy. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) has been reported as constructive feedstock to produce biofuels, biofuel carriers and biochemicals using energy-efficient technologies in risk freeways.

Bioethanol production from agricultural residues as lignocellulosic biomass feedstock's waste valorization approach: A comprehensive review.

Bioenergy is becoming very popular, drawing attention as a renewable energy source that may assist in managing growing energy costs, besides possibly affording revenue to underprivileged farmers and rural populations worldwide. Bioethanol made from agricultural residual-biomass provides irreplaceable environmental, socioeconomic, and strategic benefits and can be considered as a safe and cleaner liquid fuel alternative to traditional fossil fuels. There is a significant advancement made at the bench scale towards fuel ethanol production from agricultural lignocellulosic materials (ALCM).

Process optimization and technoeconomic assessment of biodiesel production by one-pot transesterification of Ricinus communis seed oil.

In the present study, Ricinus communis seed oil with high free fatty acid content was utilized for the one-pot biodiesel production using 1-(2,3-dihydroxy)-propyl-3-methylimidazolium hydroxide, a basic ionic liquid catalyst. The 97.83% biodiesel yield was obtained at the optimized conditions of 6.

Dual strategy for bioconversion of elephant grass biomass into fermentable sugars using Trichoderma reesei towards bioethanol production.

In this study, biodelignification and enzymatic hydrolysis of elephant grass were performed by recombinant and native strain of Trichoderma reesei, respectively. Initially, rT. reesei displaying Lip8H and MnP1 gene was used for biodelignification with NiO nanoparticles.

Investigations on evaluation of marine macroalgae Dictyota bartayresiana oil for industrial scale production of biodiesel through technoeconomic analysis.

The investigation on utilizing macroalgae for industrial scale biodiesel production is an imperative action needed for commercialization. In the present research work, the biooil from marine macroalgae Dictyota bartayresiana was used for biodiesel production using calcium oxide nanocatalyst synthesized using waste collected from building demolition site. The optimization results obtained were the calcination temperature 573 °C, concentration of catalyst 5.

Spirulina carbon dots: a promising biomaterial for photocatalytic textile industry Reactive Red M8B dye degradation.

The colorful reactive dyes are toxic, carcinogenic to living organisms and pollute the water environment. We, for the first time, have studied the lab-scale synthesis of novel and eco-friendly carbon quantum dots (CQDs) from Spirulina platensis by microwave-assisted technology. Fluorescence, absorbance, emission, and excitation spectra of biosynthesized CQDs were recorded by UV transilluminator, UV, and photoluminescence spectrophotometer.