Personalised exercise rehabilitation in cancer survivorship: Findings from a triage and referral feasibility study.

Purpose: Screening, triage and referral systems are proposed as efficient, needs-based models of cancer rehabilitation. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of the PERCS triage and referral system.

Methods: Utilising a pre-post design, the feasibility of PERCS was evaluated quantitatively in the context of a physiotherapy-led clinic for patients diagnosed with cancer during COVID-19.

Forecasting Patient Early Readmission from Irish Hospital Discharge Records Using Conventional Machine Learning Models.

Background/objectives: Predicting patient readmission is an important task for healthcare risk management, as it can help prevent adverse events, reduce costs, and improve patient outcomes. In this paper, we compare various conventional machine learning models and deep learning models on a multimodal dataset of electronic discharge records from an Irish acute hospital.

Methods: We evaluate the effectiveness of several widely used machine learning models that leverage patient demographics, historical hospitalization records, and clinical diagnosis codes to forecast future clinical risks.

The Association between Psychotropic Medication Use and Gait and Mobility Impairment in Community-Dwelling Older People. Data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA).

Background: Little work to date has quantified the effect of psychotropic medications (antidepressants, benzodiazepines, 'Z' drugs, antipsychotics, anticholinergics) on mobility and gait in later life. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between these medications and mobility/gait parameters in a large cohort of community-dwelling older people.

Methods: Participants were included if they were ≥60 years at TILDA Wave 1 and underwent gait and mobility assessment (Gaitrite system), with follow-up at Wave 3 (4 years).

Serum antigen tests for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis: a retrospective comparison of five antigen assays and one beta-D-glucan assay.

Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a life-threatening infection. Early and specific diagnosis is pivotal to ensure adequate therapy. Antigen testing from blood is a widespread and convenient diagnostic approach.

The bronchiectasis microbiome: current understanding and treatment implications.

Purpose Of Review: Advances in DNA sequencing and analysis of the respiratory microbiome highlight its close association with bronchiectasis phenotypes, revealing fresh opportunities for diagnosis, stratification, and personalized clinical intervention. An under-recognized condition, bronchiectasis is increasingly the subject of recent large-scale, multicentre, and longitudinal clinical studies including detailed analysis of the microbiome. In this review, we summarize recent progress in our understanding of the bronchiectasis microbiome within the context of its potential use in treatment decisions.

Sialadenopapillary Ductal Tumors: Unifying the Spectrum of Sialadenoma Papilliferum-like Tumors With Low Malignant Potential.

Sialadenoma papilliferum is a tumor characterized by surface papillary projections and glandular/microcystic proliferation at the lesion base. Cases in which surface involvement is absent have been termed "sialadenoma papilliferum-like intraductal papillary tumor." Similar tumors that are present in the mandible have been termed "tubulopapillary hidradenoma-like tumor of the mandible.

Paraconduit hiatus hernia after esophageal cancer surgery: incidence, risk factors, and management.

In parallel with improved operative and oncologic outcomes for esophageal cancer, paraconduit hiatus hernia (PHH) is an increasingly recognized entity, both in the early postoperative phase and in long-term follow-up. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of and risk factors for PHH, and to describe management approaches in a tertiary referral center. All patients undergoing surgery with curative intent for esophageal cancer from 2008 to 2022 at a single center were included.

Impact of Empirical Treatment Recommendations From 2017 European Guidelines for Nosocomial Pneumonia.

Background: The management of nosocomial pneumonia represents a major challenge in the ICU. European guidelines from 2017 proposed an algorithm for the prescription of empirical antimicrobial treatment based on medical history, local ecology, and severity (ie, presence or absence of septic shock). We assessed this algorithm's usefulness by comparing outcomes with and without guideline adherence in a population at high risk of multiresistance and mortality.

Determining Factors Which Limit Resectability in Advanced Hypopharyngeal Malignancy.

Background: Preoperative radiological findings of hypopharyngeal cancers are used to determine suitability for surgical resection. We sought to examine preoperative imaging characteristics to determine how well imaging findings predicted surgical resectability.

Methods: A retrospective case-control study of patients undergoing a pharyngolaryngectomy in a tertiary referral center over a 2-year period was completed.

Future implications of artificial intelligence in lung cancer screening: a systematic review.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature to assess the application of AI-based interventions in lung cancer screening, and its future implications.

Methods: Relevant published literature was screened using PRISMA guidelines across three databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Search terms for article selection included "artificial intelligence," "radiology," "lung cancer," "screening," and "diagnostic.

Transcatheter arterial embolisation (TAE) to treat acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) secondary to gastric cancer presents a significant clinical challenge due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. Transcatheter arterial embolisation (TAE) has emerged as a potential therapeutic option for managing this condition, especially in the context of failed endoscopic management. This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TAE in treating acute upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding caused by gastric cancer.

Factors affecting radiation exposure in patients undergoing endoscopic treatment for urolithiasis.

Imaging techniques, such as computed tomography (CT) and fluoroscopy, are essential for the diagnosis and treatment of urolithiasis. There is increasing concern regarding the cumulative radiation dose associated with medical imaging and its adverse effects. This study aimed to assess radiation exposure in patients undergoing endoscopic management of urolithiasis and to identify factors associated with increased exposure.

Deep feature batch correction using ComBat for machine learning applications in computational pathology.

Background: Developing artificial intelligence (AI) models for digital pathology requires large datasets from multiple sources. However, without careful implementation, AI models risk learning confounding site-specific features in datasets instead of clinically relevant information, leading to overestimated performance, poor generalizability to real-world data, and potential misdiagnosis.

Methods: Whole-slide images (WSIs) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) colon (COAD), and stomach adenocarcinoma datasets were selected for inclusion in this study.

Thyroid cancer epidemiology in Ireland from 1994 to 2019 - Rising diagnoses without mortality benefit.

Background: The epidemiology and management of thyroid cancer has changed radically in the recent past, with rising international incidence of early-stage papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) in particular. In this paper, we review the epidemiology of thyroid cancer in Ireland.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of National Cancer Registry of Ireland data, 1994-2019.