Development and maintenance of consensus recommendations on pediatric outpatient antibiotic therapy in Germany: a framework for rational use.

Unlabelled: In pediatric outpatient care, overuse and misuse of antibiotics is linked to a high risk of adverse events and increased antibiotic resistance. In 2019, building upon the work of the Antibiotic Therapy in Bielefeld (AnTiB) project (founded in 2016), a collaboration among the AnTiB, the German Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases (DGPI), and the Professional Association of Outpatient Pediatricians and Adolescent Physicians (BVKJ) was established to develop consensus recommendations for antibiotic therapy in pediatric outpatient settings in Germany. This working group became the Antibiotic Stewardship in Outpatient Pediatrics (ABSaP).

Assessment of glymphatic function and white matter integrity in children with autism using multi-parametric MRI and machine learning.

Objectives: To assess glymphatic function and white matter integrity in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using multi-parametric MRI, combined with machine learning to evaluate ASD detection performance.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study collected data from 110 children with ASD (80 exploratory, 43 validation) and 68 typically developing children (50 exploratory, 18 validation) from two centers. The automated diffusion tensor imaging along the perivascular space (aDTI-ALPS), fractional anisotropy (FA), cerebrospinal fluid volume, and perivascular space (PVS) volume indices were extracted from DTI, three-dimensional T1-weighted, and T2-weighted images.

Use of "Bug-in-the-Ear" Technology in Improving Pediatric Residents' Skills in Diagnosis and Treatment of ADHD.

Objective: To improve pediatric residents' skills in the diagnosis and treatment of children with ADHD by giving real-time feedback utilizing Bug-in-the-Ear technology (BIE).

Methods: This prospective, controlled study had 2 treatment groups and 3 standardized patient (SP) sessions. Session-1 was baseline.

Molecular and cellular morphology of placenta unveils new mechanisms of reproductive immunology.

Introduction: Despite of numerous studies of the placenta, some molecular and cellular characteristics, particularly the relationship among different cell types, have not been well understood. We aim to investigate the basic and intricate details of cellular and molecular elements in early and late phase placentas to gain better understanding of the immune regulation of human reproductive process.

Methods: A novel combination of techniques of spatial transcriptomics(ST), multiple immunohistochemistry, and a dual labeling combining immunohistochemistry and (fluorescence in situ hybridization) FISH on normal and ectopic pregnancy and animal models was employed to investigate the placenta at tissue, cell, protein and molecular levels and to trace the fetal and maternal origin of every cell in early and late placentas.

Top Ten epilepsy research priorities: A UK priority setting partnership.

Purpose: Research into epilepsy has experienced decades of chronic underfunding compared to other neurological conditions despite its prevalence and seriousness. To evidence the need for greater investment, the Epilepsy Research Institute (formerly Epilepsy Research UK) funded, led and managed a James Lind Alliance (JLA) Priority Setting Partnership (PSP). This "industry standard" methodology brings together healthcare professionals, patients, carers and patient group representatives to identify and prioritise research uncertainties within a defined area of health or care.

REVEAL-CP: Selective Screening of Pediatric Patients for Aromatic L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase Deficiency with a Guthrie Card and Structural Modeling of One Index Case.

The main objective of this prospective, multicenter study (REVEAL-CP) was to test children with cerebral palsy-like signs and symptoms for raised 3--methyldopa (3-OMD) blood levels, a biomarker for aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency (AADCd). A secondary objective was to characterize the molecular basis for the defective aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) gene product. Patients were identified in pediatric secondary and tertiary care hospitals through database searches and personal communication.

Pediatric relapsed/refractory ALK+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma treatment and outcomes in the targeted drug era.

Treatment options for patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) have increased in the era of targeted therapies such as brentuximab vedotin (BV) and Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) inhibitors. However, there is no standard treatment and limited published data evaluating their use. The goal of this retrospective study is to describe current real-world treatment and outcomes of pediatric, adolescent, and young adult patients with R/R ALK-positive ALCL.

The Kinesin Kar3 is Required for Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation.

Degradation of aberrant, excess, and regulatory proteins at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a conserved feature of eukaryotic cells, disruption of which contributes to disease. While remarkable progress has been made in recent years, mechanisms and genetic requirements for ER-Associated Degradation (ERAD) remain incompletely understood. We recently conducted a screen for genes required for turnover of a model ER translocon-associated substrate of the Hrd1 ubiquitin ligase in .

Perception of Quality of Life by Primary Caregivers of Children with Congenital Zika Syndrome: a Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) of caregivers of children diagnosed with CZS and to assess the association of findings with socioeconomic and CZS-associated variables.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional, quantitative study, carried out over three days of multidisciplinary care for patients with CZS. Sixty-four participants underwent a quality of life assessment using the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) in Portuguese.

The impact of pediatric post-cardiac arrest care on survival: A multicenter review from the AHA get with the Guidelines®-resuscitation post-cardiac arrest care registry.

Aim: Adherence to post-cardiac arrest care (PCAC) recommendations is associated with improved outcomes for adults. We aimed to describe the survival impact of meeting American Heart Association (AHA) PCAC guidelines in children after cardiac arrest.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study using Get With The Guidelines® Resuscitation's (GWTG®-R) registry to describe the PCAC of patients ≤ 18 years old who suffered an in-hospital or out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA or OHCA).

Ambiguous Genitalia Due to 3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 Deficiency: Clinical, Genetic, and Functional Characterization of Two Novel Variants.

3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 deficiency (3βHSD2D) is a rare form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) with variable clinical presentation. We describe a 46, XY child with ambiguous genitalia and CAH without apparent adrenal insufficiency due to 2 novel heterozygous variants in the gene (c.779C > T/p.

Screening and evaluation of key technologies for non-bioartificial liver care: an empirical study.

Introduction: To identify key technologies within non-bioartificial liver (NBAL, an extracorporeal support system that temporarily replaces some of the liver's functions) nursing to offer guidance for clinical practice. In the context of NBAL nursing, key technologies are crucial for successful implementation of artificial liver treatment, ensuring patient safety, and enhancing nursing quality. A review of both domestic and foreign literature revealed that studies on NBAL nursing technology are lacking and that the key technologies for NBAL nursing have not been clearly identified.

Developing a curriculum on antimicrobial stewardship for pediatric residents: a needs assessment.

Objective: Identify essential components of a curriculum on antimicrobial stewardship (AS) for pediatric residents.

Design: Survey.

Setting: Academic tertiary care children's hospital.

Sex differences in prevalence and clinical correlates of subclinical hypothyroidism in Chinese patients with first-episode untreated major depressive disorder.

Background: Previous studies showed sex differences in the prevalences of both major depressive disorder (MDD) and subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). This study aimed to further compare the prevalence and correlates of moderate-to-severe SCH between male and female Chinese MDD patients.

Methods: A total of 1706 first-episode drug naïve Chinese patients with MDD were recruited.

A Proposed Framework to Aid Primary Care Clinicians in Promoting Cardiovascular Health.

Healthy lifestyle behaviors play a significant role in promoting cardiovascular health. Primary care clinicians (PCCs) are tasked with promoting cardiovascular health through the assessment of lifestyle behaviors and the use of behavior change counseling. However, PCCs face several barriers including a lack of training in counseling techniques.

Development of a 3D cephalometric index to grade severity of dentofacial deformity in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

This investigation aimed to develop a radiographic 3D cephalometric index to grade severity of dentofacial deformity in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and to perform a validation against expert evaluations. Data were collected from a population-based Nordic JIA cohort of 240 patients that received a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan approximately 17 years after onset of JIA. The cohort was randomized into two groups: A baseline group for establishing the index (n = 210) and a test group (n = 30).

Study protocol for the development and pilot-testing of a Self-assessment tool for the implementation of the European Standards of Care for Newborn Health (ESCNH).

Introduction: In Europe, disparities exist in having access to optimal neonatal care. With the European Standards of Care for Newborn Health (ESCNH), evidence-based reference standards are available which provide guidance to improve the care for preterm and ill newborns. To support healthcare professionals (HCPs) and hospital/clinic management in identifying the extent of ESCNH implementation, a feasible assessment tool is required.

Scrub typhus in pregnancy: A 10-year multicenter study in resource-limited settings in China.

Background: Despite its association with high mortality rates and negative fetal outcomes, large-scale epidemiological studies on scrub typhus (ST) during pregnancy remain scarce.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective, multicenter study by collecting 260 pregnant women with ST in China across a 10-year time period to evaluate how clinical characteristics changed over this time and identify risk factors for poor fetal outcome.

Results: In total, 78.

"Update on pediatric primary liver tumors".

Liver masses are common in children, however primary malignant neoplasms are rare, representing only 1% of all pediatric cancers. Hepatocellular neoplasms are the most common primary liver malignancies and hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most frequently diagnosed. The incidence of HB, which is increasing, is approximately of 2 cases per million in the United States, followed by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Improved Annotation of Asthma Gene Variants with Cell Type Deconvolution of Nasal and Lung Expression-Quantitative Trait Loci.

Asthma is a genetically complex inflammatory airway disease associated with over 200 Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). However, the functional effects of many asthma-associated SNPs in lung and airway epithelial samples are unknown. Here, we aimed to conduct expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis using a meta-analysis of nasal and lung samples.

Inhibition of DEK restores hematopoietic stem cell function in Fanconi anemia.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are susceptible to replication stress, which is a major contributor to HSC defects in Fanconi anemia (FA). Here, we report that HSCs relax the global chromatin by downregulating the expression of a chromatin architectural protein, DEK, in response to replication stress. DEK is abnormally accumulated in bone marrow (BM) CD34+ cells from patients with FA and in Fancd2-deficient HSCs.

Germ cell quantification in human fetal and prepubertal testis tissues - a comparison of current methodologies.

Methods to quantify germ cell number in human immature testicular tissues are essential to evaluate the impact of chemotherapy exposures and for optimising cryopreservation protocols used in fertility preservation for prepubertal boys. Established quantification methods rely on the presence of round tubules within the tissue. However, round tubular cross sections are limited in human prepubertal testicular tissues, especially when using in vitro culture.

Diaper Dermatitis Algorithm and Scoring Tool in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU): A Quality Improvement Project.

Purpose: The purpose of this quality improvement project was to implement and evaluate an algorithm for management and prevention of diaper dermatitis (DD) embedded in a scoring tool. The specific aim of the project was to decrease DD occurrences with a severity score of 3 to 4 by 25%.

Participants And Setting: Quality improvement participants comprised 164 neonates; 89 were cared for prior to project implementation and 75 post-implementation.

CT, MRI, and FDG PET/CT in the Assessment of Lymph Node Involvement in Pediatric Hodgkin Lymphoma: An Expert Consensus Definition by an International Collaboration on Staging Evaluation and Response Criteria Harmonization for Children, Adolescent, and Young Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma (SEARCH for CAYAHL).

Staging of pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma is currently based on the Ann Arbor classification, incorporating the Cotswold modifications and the Lugano classification. The Cotswold modifications provide guidelines for the use of CT and MRI. The Lugano classification emphasizes the importance of CT and PET/CT in evaluating both Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma but focuses on adult patients.

C-Reactive Protein Changes in Adult and Pediatric People With Cystic Fibrosis During Treatment of Pulmonary Exacerbations.

Objective: Although studies have examined changes in C-reactive protein (CRP) during pulmonary exacerbations (PEX) in people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF), few have evaluated CRP profiles across age groups. Here, we characterize age-related CRP responses to PEX treatment.

Methods: We measured CRP concentrations at the beginning and end of intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy for PEX in 100 pediatric and 147 adult PwCF at 10 US CF Centers.